Land Transport Act 1998
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Version as at 1 January 2026
Land Transport Act 1998
Public Act |
1998 No 110 |
|
Date of assent |
8 December 1998 |
|
Commencement |
see section 1 |
Note
The Parliamentary Counsel Office has made editorial and format changes to this version using the powers under subpart 2 of Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019.
Note 4 at the end of this version provides a list of the amendments included in it.
This Act is administered by the Ministry of Transport.
Contents
An Act—
(a)
to promote safe road user behaviour and vehicle safety; and
(b)
to provide for a system of rules governing road user behaviour, the licensing of drivers, and technical aspects of land transport, and to recognise reciprocal obligations of persons involved; and
(c)
to consolidate and amend various enactments relating to road safety and land transport; and
(d)
to enable New Zealand to implement international agreements relating to road safety and land transport
1 Short Title and commencement
(1)
This Act may be cited as the Land Transport Act 1998.
(2)
Sections 5(4), 23, 24, 25, 28, 31(1)(c), 95, 96(1), (2), (3), and (5), and 199 come into force on a date to be appointed by the Governor-General by Order in Council; and different dates may be appointed by 1 or more Orders in Council for different provisions.
(3)
The repeals specified in clauses 1 to 14 of Part 4 of Schedule 2 come into force on a date to be appointed by the Governor-General by Order in Council; and different dates may be appointed by 1 or more Orders in Council for different provisions in that schedule.
(4)
[Repealed](5)
The rest of this Act comes into force on 1 March 1999.
(6)
An order under this section is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 1(2): sections 5(4), 23, 24, 25, 28, 31(1)(c), 95, 96(1), (2), (3), and (5), and 199 brought into force, on 3 May 1999, by clause 2 of the Land Transport (Commencement of Provisions) Order 1999 (SR 1999/96).
Section 1(3): Schedule 2 Part 4 clause 9 brought into force, on 1 March 1999, by clause 2 of the Land Transport (Commencement of Repeals) Order 1999 (SR 1999/28).
Section 1(3): Schedule 2 Part 4 clauses 3, 5, and 13 brought into force, on 3 May 1999, by clause 2 of the Land Transport (Commencement of Repeals) Order (No 2) 1999 (SR 1999/97).
Section 1(3): Schedule 2 Part 4 clause 1 brought into force, on 27 February 2005, by clause 2 of the Land Transport (Commencement of Repeals) Order 2004 (SR 2004/452).
Section 1(4): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 4 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 1(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Part 1 Preliminary provisions
2 Interpretation
(1)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
accompany, in relation to the accompanying of an enforcement officer to a place, includes remaining with an enforcement officer at a place whether or not a journey is involved
Agency means the New Zealand Transport Agency established under section 93 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003
alcohol interlock device means a device that—
(a)
is a part of the starting system of a motor vehicle; and
(b)
uses breathalyser technology to determine whether the starting system should start the motor vehicle; and
(c)
is, for the purposes of sections 65AB to 65AK, approved by the Minister of Transport (after consulting the Science Minister) by notice (see subsection (6))
alcohol interlock licence means a driver licence issued to a person who has been authorised to obtain an alcohol interlock licence by an order of a court made under section 65AC
alcohol interlock sentence has the meaning given in section 65AC
alternative fuel system means a fuel storage and conducting system that is used to provide liquid petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, or any other pressurised liquid or gaseous fuel (other than petrol or diesel) for the purpose of propulsion of a vehicle
ambulance means a motor vehicle designed and used principally for the carriage of sick or injured persons
apparently younger than 20 has the same meaning as it has in section 71
approved analyst means—
(a)
a person who is designated by the Science Minister, by notice (see subsection (6)), as the analyst in charge of an approved laboratory; or
(b)
a person who works in an approved laboratory and who is authorised, by the analyst in charge of that laboratory, to act as an approved analyst, either generally or in a particular case
approved health authority means an institution approved by the Minister, with the agreement of the Minister of Health, for the purposes of section 209
approved laboratory means a laboratory approved by the Science Minister, by notice (see subsection (6)), for either or both of the following purposes:
(a)
analysing blood specimens taken for the purposes of this Act:
(b)
analysing oral fluid samples taken for the purposes of this Act
approved provider, in relation to alcohol interlock devices, means a person approved by the Director to install, maintain, or remove alcohol interlock devices
approved vehicle surveillance equipment means vehicle surveillance equipment of a kind approved by the Minister or the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6))
assessment centre means an establishment or individual for the time being approved as an assessment centre for the purposes of this Act by the chief executive of the Ministry of Health
automated infringement system means a device or a system of devices that has been approved by the Minister of Transport under section 139AAB
axle means 1 or more shafts, spindles, or bearings in the same vertical transverse plane by means of which, in conjunction with wheels mounted on those shafts, spindles, or bearings, a portion of the weight of the vehicle is transmitted to the roadway; and, except as the provisions of this Act or of the rules otherwise provide, the following provisions apply for the purposes of this Act and the regulations and rules:
(a)
if 2 or more wheels of a motor vehicle are substantially in the same line transversely and some or all of them have separate axles, the axles of all those wheels are to be treated as 1 axle:
(b)
if the longitudinal centre line of an axle of a motor vehicle is less than 1 metre distant from the longitudinal centre line of another axle, the 2 axles are to be treated as 1 axle (a dual axle):
(c)
for the purposes of measuring the distance of a dual axle from any other axle, the measurement must be taken from the longitudinal centre line of that one of the 2 axles comprising the dual axle which is nearer to the axle from which the distance is to be measured
blood concentration level means, for a qualifying drug, the proportion of the drug in a person’s blood
blood specimen means a specimen of venous blood taken in accordance with normal medical procedures
blood specimen collecting instrument means—
(a)
a needle and syringe; or
(b)
an instrument of a kind designed for the taking of blood specimens approved by the Minister of Police (after consulting the Science Minister and the Minister of Transport) by notice (see subsection (6))
blood specimen collecting kit means a package having endorsed on it or affixed to it or included in it a label indicating that it is a blood specimen collecting kit and that it has been supplied by or on behalf of a laboratory for the time being approved by the Science Minister, by notice (see subsection (6)), for the purpose of supplying or causing to be supplied blood specimen collecting kits
blood specimen collecting procedure means the taking of a blood specimen by a blood specimen collecting instrument in a manner prescribed by the Minister of Police by notice (see subsection (6))
blood test means the analysis of a blood specimen
blood test fee means the fee for the analysis of a blood specimen prescribed by the Minister of Police under section 67
breath screening device means a device of a kind approved for the purpose of breath screening tests by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6))
breath screening test means a test carried out by means of a breath screening device in a manner prescribed in respect of that device by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6))
carriage includes haulage
certificate of compliance means a certificate given under section 75A by a person authorised by the Science Minister
certificate of loading means a certificate of loading issued under the regulations or the rules
class exemption means an exemption granted under section 168D(1)(b)
Commissioner means the Commissioner of Police
compulsory impairment test means a test, carried out in a manner prescribed by the Minister of Police by notice (see subsection (6)), to indicate whether a person’s capacity to drive is impaired
concurrent offence means an offence—
(a)
that is not a qualifying offence; and
(b)
that occurred as part of the same series of events as the facts that gave rise to the person’s conviction for a qualifying offence; and
(c)
for which the offender may or must be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence under this Act or under section 124 of the Sentencing Act 2002
control, in relation to a transport service, means direct or indirect control of the management of the whole or part of the transport service by a shareholding or the holding of any position (however described) in the management of the whole or part of the transport service that gives the person a significant influence on the operation of the whole or part of the service (whether or not other persons are also involved)
convert, in relation to a motor vehicle, means to dishonestly and without claim of right, but not so as to be guilty of theft, take or use the vehicle for one’s own purposes or another person’s purposes (see Crimes Act 1961, section 226), and converted has a corresponding meaning
court means the District Court
cruising means driving repeatedly in the same direction over the same section of a road in a motor vehicle in a manner that—
(a)
draws attention to the power or sound of the engine of the motor vehicle being driven; or
(b)
creates a convoy that—
(i)
is formed otherwise than in trade; and
(ii)
impedes traffic flow
cumulative work day means a period—
(a)
during which work occurs; and
(b)
that—
(i)
does not exceed 24 hours; and
(ii)
begins after a continuous period of rest time of at least 10 hours
cumulative work period means a set of cumulative work days between continuous periods of rest time of at least 24 hours
dangerous goods means goods declared by rules made under this Act to be dangerous goods
dangerous goods enforcement officer means a person appointed by warrant under section 208
design, in relation to a motor vehicle, refers to the construction of the motor vehicle, and not its use or intended use; and designed has a corresponding meaning
detection point, in relation to a point-to-point average speed system, means a point on a road at which an item of approved vehicle surveillance equipment that is part of the system detects the presence of a motor vehicle
Director or Director of Land Transport means the Director of Land Transport appointed under section 104A of the Land Transport Management Act 2003
drink means alcoholic drink
driver, in relation to a vehicle, includes the rider of the motorcycle or moped or bicycle; and drive has a corresponding meaning
driver licence means a licence to drive that is issued or has effect under this Act; and includes an endorsement on a driver licence
driver licence stop order means an order imposed under section 91E
elective oral fluid sample means a sample of oral fluid taken from a person under section 71DC(2)
electronic address includes an email address
enforcement authority, in relation to an infringement offence, means (except in relation to Part 17)—
(a)
the New Zealand Police, in any case:
(b)
the Agency or the Director, in the case of an infringement offence for which an infringement notice is issued by an employee of the Agency or the Director or on behalf of the Agency:
(ba)
an airport operator, in the case of an infringement offence for which an infringement notice is issued by an employee of the airport operator or on behalf of the airport operator:
(c)
[Repealed](d)
a local authority, in the case of an infringement offence for which an infringement notice is issued by an employee of the local authority or on behalf of the local authority:
(e)
a public road controlling authority that is an enforcement authority for the purposes of an Order in Council made under section 46 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003, in the case of an infringement offence that is a toll offence
enforcement officer means—
(a)
a constable:
(b)
a Police employee who is not a constable who is authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner:
(c)
a person who is appointed to that office by warrant under section 208 or who holds that office by virtue of this Act:
(d)
the Agency, in the circumstances set out in section 208A
evidence of use of a qualifying drug has the meaning set out in section 11A(2)
evidence of vehicle inspection, in relation to a vehicle, means any certificate, label, or document issued under this Act as evidence of the completion of the periodic vehicle inspection requirements in respect of that vehicle
evidential breath test means a test carried out by means of an evidential breath-testing device in a manner prescribed in respect of that device by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6))
evidential breath-testing device means a device of a kind approved for the purpose of evidential breath tests by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6))
facilitate, in relation to a small passenger service,—
(a)
means to enable drivers and passengers to connect by electronic or any other means (for example, by telephone, Internet site, application, or software); but
(b)
does not include the mere provision of an answering or call centre service
facilitated cost-sharing arrangement means a small passenger service that is facilitated by a facilitator (whether or not the facilitator is paid) under which a passenger is carried in return for the driver’s costs being reimbursed, which costs—
(a)
may be up to a maximum amount per kilometre set by the Minister by notice (see subsection (6)) (for example, the costs of fuel and reasonable vehicle wear and tear); but
(b)
may not include—
(i)
payment for the driver’s driving or travelling time; or
(ii)
any infringement fee incurred in the course of the journey; or
(iii)
registration and licensing costs for the driver or the driver’s vehicle
facilitator means a person who facilitates a small passenger service
family of qualifying drugs means a group of qualifying drugs that—
(a)
share a substantially similar chemical structure (for example, benzodiazepines and amphetamine); or
(b)
have a similar effect, including a pharmacological effect, if consumed, smoked, snorted, or injected by any person, or used in any other manner intended to have a pharmacological effect on the user (for example, opiates)
financial year, in relation to the Agency, means the period of 12 months commencing on 1 July and ending with the close of 30 June
fire brigade includes—
(a)
a defence fire brigade and an industry brigade (as those terms are defined in section 6 of the Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017); and
(b)
employed firefighters or other members of a defence fire brigade or an industry brigade; and
(c)
employees, volunteers, and contractors of Fire and Emergency New Zealand who are operational personnel delivering designated services (as those terms are defined in section 6 of the Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017)
first oral fluid screening test means an oral fluid screening test carried out under section 71A
former enactment means a provision of the Transport Act 1962, or of Part 2 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, or of the Land Transport Act 1993, repealed by this Act
goods means all kinds of movable personal property; and includes articles sent by post, and animals
goods service—
(a)
means the carriage of goods on any road, whether or not for hire or reward, by means of a motor vehicle whose gross vehicle mass is 6 000 kg or more; and
(b)
includes the letting on hire of a motor vehicle whose gross vehicle mass is 6 000 kg or more by a person who drives the vehicle or provides a driver for the vehicle, where the motor vehicle is used for the carriage of goods; but
(c)
does not include—
(i)
a vehicle recovery service; or
(ii)
a service involving the carriage of goods for personal domestic purposes where the service is not operated for more than a total of 7 days in any 12-month period; or
(iii)
any carriage of goods by a passenger service vehicle where the carriage is part of a contract for the carriage of passengers or where the carriage is of such small amounts of goods, or occurs so infrequently, that it does not form a significant part of the overall operations of the vehicle; or
(iv)
the use of trucks by licensed motor vehicle dealers to carry goods for demonstration and sale purposes; or
(v)
the use of vintage vehicles to carry goods for display purposes; or
(vi)
the use of trailers towed by small passenger service vehicles to carry passengers’ luggage; or
(vii)
any service specified as an exempt goods service in the regulations or the rules
goods service licence means a licence granted or deemed to be granted under subpart 3 of Part 4A that authorises its holder to carry on a goods service
goods service vehicle—
(a)
means a motor vehicle used or capable of being used in a goods service for the carriage of goods; but
(b)
does not include a vehicle specified as an exempt goods service vehicle in the regulations or the rules
gross vehicle mass means the maximum safe operating mass for a vehicle (including the mass of any accessories, crew, passengers, or load) that is derived from the design, capabilities, and capacities of the vehicle’s construction, systems, and components, and that—
(a)
is determined by—
(i)
the Director; or
(ii)
the manufacturer of the vehicle; or
(iii)
if the vehicle is modified after manufacture, a certifier approved by the Director; and
(b)
may be recorded in kilograms on the register of motor vehicles
gross weight, in relation to a vehicle or combination of vehicles, means the weight of the vehicle or of the vehicles comprising the combination, together with the load that the vehicle or (as the case may be) the vehicles are for the time being carrying, including equipment and accessories; and, for the purposes of this Act and of the regulations and the rules, and without limiting the methods by which the gross weight of a vehicle may be determined, the gross weight of a vehicle may be determined by adding the weight on its axles or groups of axles
health practitioner has the same meaning as in section 5 of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003
heavy motor vehicle means a motor vehicle (other than a motorcar that is not used, kept, or available for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward) having a gross vehicle mass exceeding 3 500 kg
heavy traffic means—
(a)
the use of any heavy motor vehicle; or
(b)
any other traffic declared to be heavy traffic by the Agency by notice (see subsection (6))
high-risk level means, for a listed qualifying drug, the blood concentration level specified for the drug in Part 1 of Schedule 5
hospital means a hospital care institution within the meaning of section 58(4) of the Health and Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001
image, in relation to approved vehicle surveillance equipment, includes a photograph, an electronic form of information storage, and the display and transmission of any pictorial or digital information
information system, in relation to electronic communications, means a system for producing, sending, receiving, storing, displaying, or otherwise processing electronic communications
infringement offence means—
(a)
a moving vehicle offence:
(ab)
a stationary vehicle offence:
(b)
an overloading or over-dimension offence:
(ba)
an offence against this Act concerning logbooks that is committed by a transport service driver:
(c)
an infringement offence specified in regulations made under this Act:
(ca)
a toll offence:
(d)
any other offence against this Act or any other enactment that is specified as an infringement offence against this Act (other than an offence that carries a penalty of imprisonment or mandatory disqualification from holding or obtaining a driver licence)
land transport means transport on land by any means and the infrastructure facilitating such transport; and includes rail, surface-effect vehicles, and harbour ferries
land transport Act means—
(a)
the Government Roading Powers Act 1989; and
(b)
the Land Transport Act 1998 (this Act); and
(c)
the Land Transport Management Act 2003; and
(d)
the Railways Act 2005; and
(e)
land transport documents means—
(a)
licences, permits, approvals, authorisations, exemptions, certificates, and similar documents issued under this Act, the Government Roading Powers Act 1989, the Railways Act 2005, or the Road User Charges Act 2012; and
(b)
carbon dioxide accounts opened under section 189(2)
land transport record means a record of a decision or any other thing that is included in the register of land transport records established by section 200E
land transport register includes—
(a)
registers kept under this Act, the Railways Act 2005, or the Road User Charges Act 2012; and
(b)
other information and records relating to vehicle and operator licensing kept by the Agency
large passenger service means a passenger service provided in a large passenger service vehicle
large passenger service licence means a licence granted or deemed to be granted under subpart 3 of Part 4A that authorises its holder to carry on a large passenger service
large passenger service vehicle means any passenger service vehicle that is designed or adapted to carry more than 12 persons (including the driver)
licensed means,—
(a)
in relation to a driver,—
(i)
licensed by or under this Act to drive vehicles of a specified class or classes; or
(ii)
licensed for a specified purpose or to carry out a specified activity, including an authority conferred by an endorsement on a driver licence:
(b)
in relation to a vehicle, licensed under Part 17
light rail vehicle has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005
light rental service vehicle means a rental service vehicle having a gross vehicle mass of not more than 3 500 kg
light vehicle means a motor vehicle that has a gross vehicle mass of not more than 3,500 kg
listed qualifying drug means a qualifying drug listed in Schedule 5
load—
(a)
includes part of a load; and
(b)
includes covers, ropes, ties, blocks, tackles, barrows, or other equipment or object used in the securing or containing of loads on vehicles or the loading or unloading of vehicles, whether or not any other load is on the vehicle; but
(c)
does not include animal wastes discharged from animals being carried on a vehicle at the time
local authority means any regional council or territorial authority within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002
logbook means a logbook that is in a form approved by the Director in accordance with the rules, and includes any alternative means approved under section 30ZG
mass, in relation to a vehicle, means the quantity of material contained in or on that vehicle that, when subjected to acceleration due to gravity, will exert downwards on a level surface a force that can be measured as the weight of the vehicle
medical centre means any place where a medical examination or medical care or treatment is carried out or given
medical expenses means the expenses incurred by a health practitioner or medical officer in taking a blood specimen
medical laboratory technologist means a health practitioner who is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Medical Sciences Council of New Zealand continued by section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a practitioner of the profession of medical laboratory science
medical officer means a person acting in a hospital and who, in the normal course of the person’s duties, takes blood specimens
medical practitioner means a health practitioner who is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Medical Council of New Zealand continued by section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a practitioner of the profession of medicine
member means a person appointed as a member of the Agency
Minister means the Minister of the Crown who, under the authority of any warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is for the time being responsible for the administration of this Act or the relevant Part or provision of this Act
Minister of Police means, subject to any enactment, the Minister who, under authority of any warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is for the time being responsible for the Police
Ministry means, subject to any enactment, the Ministry that is, with the approval of the Prime Minister, for the time being responsible for the administration of this Act
mobility device means—
(a)
a vehicle that—
(i)
is designed and constructed (not merely adapted) for use by persons who require mobility assistance due to a physical or neurological impairment; and
(ii)
is powered solely by a motor that has a maximum power output not exceeding 1 500 W; or
(b)
a vehicle that the Agency has declared under section 168A(1) to be a mobility device
moped means a motor vehicle (other than a power-assisted pedal cycle) that has—
(a)
2 or 3 wheels; and
(b)
a maximum speed not exceeding 50 kilometres per hour; and
(c)
either—
(i)
an engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc; or
(ii)
a power source other than a piston engine
motor vehicle—
(a)
means a vehicle drawn or propelled by mechanical power; and
(b)
includes a trailer; but
(c)
does not include—
(i)
a vehicle running on rails; or
(ii)
[Repealed](iii)
a trailer (other than a trailer designed solely for the carriage of goods) that is designed and used exclusively as part of the armament of the New Zealand Defence Force; or
(iv)
a trailer running on 1 wheel and designed exclusively as a speed measuring device or for testing the wear of vehicle tyres; or
(v)
a vehicle designed for amusement purposes and used exclusively within a place of recreation, amusement, or entertainment to which the public does not have access with motor vehicles; or
(vi)
a pedestrian-controlled machine; or
(vii)
a vehicle that the Agency has declared under section 168A is not a motor vehicle; or
(viii)
a mobility device
motorcycle—
(a)
means a motor vehicle running on 2 wheels, or not more than 3 wheels when fitted with a sidecar; and
(b)
includes a vehicle with motorcycle controls that is approved as a motorcycle by the Director; but
(c)
does not include a moped
moving vehicle offence means—
(a)
an offence detected by approved vehicle surveillance equipment that is—
(i)
a speeding offence; or
(ii)
an offence in respect of the failure to comply with the directions given by a traffic signal or a traffic sign that is a variable traffic or lane control sign; or
(iii)
any offence against regulations made under this Act or the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 that is declared by regulations under this Act to be a moving vehicle offence for the purposes of this paragraph; or
(iv)
a toll offence; or
(b)
a speeding offence detected by a point-to-point average speed system
non-serviced area means an area that is identified on an Internet site maintained by or on behalf of the Agency and—
(a)
is 70 km or more from an approved provider’s service centre or is on an island without an approved provider’s service centre; and
(b)
is not able to be serviced by an approved provider via remote technology
novice driver has the meaning specified by the rules
nurse means a health practitioner who is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Nursing Council of New Zealand continued by section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a practitioner of the profession of nursing whose scope of practice permits the performance of general nursing functions
offence against this Act includes an offence against or prescribed by the regulations
operate, in relation to a vehicle, means to drive or use the vehicle on a road, or to cause or permit the vehicle to be on a road or to be driven on a road, whether or not the person is present with the vehicle; and operator has a corresponding meaning
oral fluid sample means a sample of oral fluid taken from a person—
(a)
by means of an oral fluid screening test that the person undergoes under any of sections 71A to 71C; or
(b)
as an oral fluid sample under section 71DE(2)
oral fluid screening device means a device of a kind approved by the Minister of Police under section 71G for the purpose of screening oral fluid for the presence of either or both of the following:
(a)
1 or more qualifying drugs specified in a notice made under that section:
(b)
1 or more families of qualifying drugs specified in a notice made under that section
oral fluid screening test means a test that is carried out by means of an oral fluid screening device
organised criminal activity means an activity that—
(a)
involves 2 or more persons; and
(b)
has the acquisition of income or assets by means of a continuing course of criminal conduct as one of its objects
over-dimension offence means an offence against any enactment that is specified as an over-dimension offence by the regulations
overloading offence means an offence against any enactment that is specified as an overloading offence by the regulations
owner, in relation to a motor vehicle, means the person lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle, except where—
(a)
the motor vehicle is subject to a bailment that is for a period not exceeding 28 days; or
(b)
the motor vehicle is let on hire pursuant to the terms of a rental-service licence,—
in which case owner means the person who, but for the bailment or letting on hire, would be lawfully entitled to possession of the motor vehicle; and owned and ownership have corresponding meanings
parking means,—
(a)
in relation to any portion of a road where parking is for the time being governed by the location of parking meters placed pursuant to a bylaw of a local authority, the stopping or standing of a vehicle on that portion of the road for any period exceeding 5 minutes:
(b)
in relation to any other portion of a road, the stopping or standing of a vehicle on that portion of the road
parking offence means an offence described in paragraph (a) of the definition of stationary vehicle offence
parking warden means a person appointed to hold the office of parking warden under section 128D
participant, in relation to the land transport system, means a person who does anything for which a land transport document is required
passenger service—
(a)
means—
(i)
the carriage of passengers on any road for hire or reward by means of a motor vehicle; and
(ii)
the carriage of passengers on any road, whether or not for hire or reward, by means of a large passenger service vehicle; and
(b)
includes the carriage of passengers on any road—
(i)
that involves a specific charge on passengers for transport, including part payments to cover fuel and donations (which are expected as a condition of carriage); or
(ii)
by a person or an organisation that is funded by another person or organisation specifically for the provision of transport; or
(iia)
after a connection between a passenger and a small passenger service facilitated by a facilitator; or
(iii)
in which the carriage of passengers is an integral part of, or reasonably necessary to provide, another service or activity (other than a transport service) for which payment is made; or
(iv)
in which the carriage of passengers is made using the vehicle provided by one of the passengers and the driver is paid for the carriage; or
(v)
that involves the letting on hire of a vehicle by a person who drives the vehicle or provides a driver for the vehicle if, during the hiring, the vehicle is used for the carriage of passengers; but
(c)
does not include—
(i)
private ambulance services provided by organisations primarily for their employees, being ambulance services that are available to the general public in an emergency only when public ambulance services cannot provide a service; or
(ii)
any service using a vehicle that is specified as an exempt passenger service vehicle in the regulations or the rules; or
(iii)
any service specified as an exempt passenger service in the regulations or the rules
passenger service vehicle—
(a)
means a vehicle used or available for use in a passenger service for the carriage of passengers; but
(b)
does not include—
(i)
a vehicle designed or adapted to carry 12 or fewer persons (including the driver) provided by one of the passengers being carried; or
(ii)
a vehicle specified as an exempt passenger service vehicle in the regulations or the rules
passive breath-testing device means a passive breath-testing device of a kind approved by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6))
permanent speed limit means a speed limit that is in force except when a seasonal, variable, minimum, emergency, or temporary speed limit is in force
point-to-point average speed system means a system that—
(a)
consists of 2 items of approved vehicle surveillance equipment that operate in combination and with the support of associated software; and
(b)
has the ability to—
(i)
detect a speeding offence; and
(ii)
calculate the average speed of a motor vehicle between 2 detection points; and
(c)
has been approved by the Minister by notice (see subsection (6))
positive,—
(a)
in relation to the result of an evidential breath test, means the result of the test indicates,—
(i)
in the case of a person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence, that the breath of the person who underwent the test contains alcohol; or
(ii)
in the case of a person who is apparently younger than 20, that the breath of the person who underwent the test contains alcohol; or
(iii)
in the case of any other person, that the proportion of alcohol in the breath of the person who underwent the test exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath:
(b)
in relation to the result of an oral fluid screening test, means the result of the test indicates either or both of the following:
(i)
that the concentration level of a qualifying drug in the oral fluid of the person who underwent the test equals or exceeds the concentration level specified for that qualifying drug in a notice made under section 71G:
(ii)
that the concentration level of a family of qualifying drugs in the oral fluid of the person who underwent the test equals or exceeds the concentration level specified for that family of qualifying drugs in a notice made under section 71G:
(c)
in relation to the result of analysis of a person’s oral fluid sample by an approved analyst, means the result of the analysis indicates that the concentration level of a listed qualifying drug in the oral fluid sample equals or exceeds the concentration level specified for that listed qualifying drug in a notice made under section 71GA
positive evidential threshold has the meaning given in section 71GA(1)(b)
positive screening threshold has the meaning given in section 71G(2)(b)
premises, in sections 130 and 131, includes a vehicle, rail vehicle, carriage, box, or receptacle; but does not include a dwelling or Maori reservation constituted by or under the Maori Affairs Act 1953 or Part 17 of Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993
prescribed means,—
(a)
in relation to a matter under this Act, prescribed by this Act or by regulations, rules, or notice made under this Act:
(b)
in relation to a matter prescribed under any other enactment, prescribed in accordance with that enactment
prescription medicine has the same meaning as in section 3(3) of the Medicines Act 1981
private analyst means a person qualified by academic or technical training in chemical or biochemical analysis; and includes a body corporate or organisation that employs such a person
proceedings, in relation to an infringement offence, means proceedings under the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 or the Summary Proceedings Act 1957; and includes the issue of an infringement notice under section 139
qualifying bylaw means a bylaw made by a road controlling authority under section 22AB(1)(a) of this Act, or section 145 of the Local Government Act 2002 for the stated purpose of—
(a)
restricting or placing conditions on the racing of motor vehicles or any associated activities:
(b)
controlling or restricting cruising or any associated activities
qualifying drug—
(a)
means any substance, preparation, mixture, or article containing a controlled drug specified in Schedule 1 or 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 or any of Parts 1 to 5 and Part 7 of Schedule 3 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975; and
(b)
includes—
(i)
any controlled drug analogue (within the meaning of controlled drug analogue in section 2(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975); and
(ii)
any prescription medicine; but
(c)
excludes any substance, preparation, mixture, or article specified in paragraph (a) or (b)(i) if it is excluded by regulations made under this Act
qualifying offence is an offence described in section 65AB(1)
rail operator has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005
rail participant has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005
rail vehicle has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005
regional council means a regional council within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002
register of motor vehicles means the register continued and maintained under section 234
registered, in relation to a vehicle, means registered under Part 17
Registrar, in relation to the execution of a warrant of confiscation, means any Registrar of the High Court or of the District Court, as the case may require, and includes a Deputy Registrar
the regulations means regulations made under this Act and the regulations referred to in section 218
relevant standard has the meaning given in section 71G(8)
rental service means the letting of a motor vehicle on hire for the carriage of passengers (including the driver) or of goods, or both, to a person who drives the vehicle or provides a driver for the vehicle; but does not include—
(a)
the letting of a motor vehicle under a hire purchase agreement or a bailment that is for a period exceeding 6 months; or
(b)
the hiring of trailers with a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 3 500 kg; or
(c)
any service specified as an exempt rental service in the regulations or the rules
rental service licence means a licence granted or deemed to be granted under subpart 3 of Part 4A that authorises its holder to carry on a rental service
rental service vehicle means a vehicle used or available for use in a rental service for letting on hire for the carriage of passengers or goods, or both, to a person who drives the vehicle or provides a driver for the vehicle; but does not include a vehicle specified as an exempt vehicle in this Act or the regulations or the rules
representative means an agent authorised by a small passenger service operator to—
(a)
engage with the Agency on matters relating to the operator’s compliance with the relevant requirements of this Act, the regulations, and the rules; and
(b)
accept service of legal documents on behalf of the operator
responsible clinician has the same meaning as it has in section 2(1) of the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992
rest time means all time that—
(a)
is not work time; and
(b)
is at least 30 minutes in duration; and
(c)
is not spent in a moving vehicle associated with work
road includes—
(a)
a street; and
(b)
a motorway; and
(c)
a beach; and
(d)
a place to which the public have access, whether as of right or not; and
(e)
all bridges, culverts, ferries, and fords forming part of a road or street or motorway, or a place referred to in paragraph (d); and
(f)
all sites at which vehicles may be weighed for the purposes of this Act or any other enactment
road controlling authority, in relation to a road,—
(a)
means the authority, body, or person having control of the road; and
(b)
includes a person acting under and within the terms of a delegation or authorisation given by the controlling authority
the rules means the ordinary rules and emergency rules made under this Act and the rules referred to in section 220
Science Minister means, subject to any enactment, the Minister of the Crown who, under the authority of any warrant or with the authority of the Prime Minister, is for the time being responsible for the administration of the Research, Science, and Technology Act 2010
second oral fluid screening test means an oral fluid screening test carried out under section 71B
Secretary means the chief executive of the Ministry
service, in Part 4A, includes—
(a)
an operation carried out on 1 occasion only; and
(b)
an operation carried out solely for the benefit of the persons carrying it out
site, in section 147, means a site where a dynamic axle weigher is used
small passenger service means a passenger service provided in—
(a)
a small passenger service vehicle; or
(b)
a vehicle designed or adapted to carry 12 or fewer persons (including the driver) that is provided by one of the passengers being carried; or
(c)
a vehicle designed or adapted to carry 12 or fewer persons (including the driver) that is being used in a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement
small passenger service licence means a licence granted or deemed to be granted under subpart 3 of Part 4A that authorises its holder to carry on or facilitate a small passenger service
small passenger service operator—
(a)
means a person who carries on a small passenger service; and
(b)
includes a facilitator; but
(c)
does not include any other person who is a driver in the small passenger service or who otherwise assists in the small passenger service
small passenger service vehicle means any passenger service vehicle that is designed or adapted to carry 12 or fewer persons (including the driver)
special vehicle lane has the meaning given to it in clause 1.6 of the Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004
specified family of qualifying drugs has the meaning given in section 71G(2)(a)(ii)
specified qualifying drug has the meaning given in section 71G(2)(a)(i)
speed limit means a speed limit set under—
(a)
this Act, including—
(i)
by a land transport record being included in the register of land transport records established by section 200E; or
(ii)
under a rule or bylaw made under this Act; or
(b)
the Local Government Act 1974; or
speeding offence means an offence which consists solely of exceeding a speed limit
stationary vehicle offence means—
(a)
parking in any portion of a road in breach of any legislation (including, without limitation, any bylaw made under section 22AB(1)(m) to (o)):
(b)
any offence specified as a stationary vehicle offence in regulations made under this Act
storage provider means a person who stores vehicles impounded under this Act
territorial authority means a territorial authority within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002
tolerance level means, for a listed qualifying drug, the blood concentration level specified for the drug in Part 2 of Schedule 5
toll has the same meaning as in section 5 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003
toll offence means an offence against section 54(1) of the Land Transport Management Act 2003
towage fee, in respect of a parking offence, means an amount specified as the towage fee in respect of that offence by the Secretary by notice (see subsection (6)); and, for the purposes of this definition, the Secretary may prescribe different rates of towage fees in respect of different classes of persons, vehicles, products, or any other property or item, or on the basis of different times of use, or different distances, or on any other differential basis
traction engine means a vehicle that—
(a)
is propelled by steam power; and
(b)
is not a rail vehicle within the meaning of section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005; and
(c)
is not designed for the carriage of goods or persons other than the driver and, if appropriate, other persons involved in its operation
traffic control device includes any—
(a)
sign, signal, or notice; or
(b)
traffic calming device; or
(c)
marking or road surface treatment—
used on a road for the purpose of traffic control
transport instrument means an instrument made under section 168G
transport service—
(a)
means any goods service, passenger service, rental service, or vehicle recovery service; but
(b)
does not include—
(i)
licensed rail participants under the Railways Act 2005; and
(ii)
any service specified as an exempt transport service in the regulations or the rules
transport service driver means any person who is, or is from time to time, employed or engaged in driving a vehicle being used in a transport service other than a rental service, whether or not that person is licensed or required to hold a licence to drive such a vehicle
transport service licence means any of the following licences granted or deemed to be granted under subpart 3 of Part 4A:
(a)
a goods service licence:
(b)
a large passenger service licence:
(c)
a rental service licence:
(d)
a small passenger service licence:
(e)
a vehicle recovery service licence
transport service operator—
(a)
means a person who carries on a transport service; and
(b)
includes, in relation to a small passenger service, a facilitator; but
(c)
does not include any other person who is a driver in the transport service or who otherwise assists in the transport service
transport service vehicle means any goods service vehicle, passenger service vehicle, rental service vehicle, or vehicle recovery service vehicle; but does not include—
(a)
a rail vehicle under the Railways Act 2005; or
(b)
a vehicle running on self-laying tracks or rollers; or
(c)
a vehicle that operates solely on or in areas to which the public does not have access as of right (whether or not that vehicle is used on a road in connection with that vehicle’s inspection, servicing, or repair, or for the purposes of a practical driving test required under any enactment); or
(d)
a vehicle used as a place of abode to the extent that it is not used in a rental service; or
(e)
a vehicle listed as a farm vehicle in Part 1 of the Schedule of the Transit New Zealand (Apportionment and Refund of Excise Duty) Regulations 1998 or in any provisions made in substitution for that schedule; or
(f)
a tractor (being a motor vehicle designed principally for traction at speeds not exceeding 50 km per hour); or
(g)
a forklift (being a motor vehicle designed principally for lifting and stacking goods by means of 1 or more forks, tines, platens, or clamps); or
(h)
a hearse; or
(i)
a traction engine
unladen weight, in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the vehicle together with the fuel in its fuel system (if any) and the equipment and accessories on it that are necessary for its operation for the purpose for which it was designed
unlicensed, in relation to a driver, includes holding an expired licence
unlisted qualifying drug means a qualifying drug not listed in Schedule 5
vehicle—
(a)
means a contrivance equipped with wheels, tracks, or revolving runners on which it moves or is moved; and
(b)
includes a hovercraft, a skateboard, in-line skates, and roller skates; but
(c)
does not include—
(i)
a perambulator or pushchair:
(ii)
a shopping or sporting trundler not propelled by mechanical power:
(iii)
a wheelbarrow or hand-trolley:
(iv)
[Repealed](v)
a pedestrian-controlled lawnmower:
(vi)
a pedestrian-controlled agricultural machine not propelled by mechanical power:
(vii)
an article of furniture:
(viii)
a wheelchair not propelled by mechanical power:
(ix)
any other contrivance specified by the rules not to be a vehicle for the purposes of this definition:
(x)
any rail vehicle
vehicle recovery service—
(a)
means the towing or carrying on any road of a motor vehicle, irrespective of the size or design of the towing or carrying vehicle, and whether or not the towing or carrying of the vehicle is carried out by a person intending to carry out repairs on the vehicle; but
(b)
does not include—
(i)
the towing or carrying of any motorcycle or moped; or
(ii)
the towing or carrying of one motor vehicle by another where—
(A)
the towing or carrying is not carried out directly or indirectly for reward; and
(B)
the towing or carrying vehicle is not designed or adapted for the purpose of towing or carrying motor vehicles; or
(iii)
the towing or carrying of a vehicle by a person who owns the vehicle; or
(iv)
the towing of disabled vehicles using a rope or flat tow by—
(A)
a person employed by, or contracted to, a motoring association or insurance company where the towing is limited to removal of the vehicle to a place of safety; or
(B)
the owner or employee of a garage or workshop who intends to carry out repairs to the vehicle; or
(v)
the removal of vehicles by New Zealand Defence Force tow trucks at the request of an enforcement officer; or
(vi)
routine towing services operated by New Zealand Defence Force personnel in areas where there is no suitable and available commercial towing service nearby; or
(vii)
any service where the Director has provided the transport service operator with a written notice that—
(A)
must be carried in the vehicle used in the service; and
(B)
specifies that the nature of the service is such that the carriage of vehicles should be treated as the carriage of goods; or
(viii)
any service specified as an exempt vehicle recovery service in the regulations or the rules
vehicle recovery service licence means a licence granted or deemed to be granted under subpart 3 of Part 4A that authorises its holder to carry on a vehicle recovery service
vehicle recovery service vehicle—
(a)
means a vehicle used or available for use in a vehicle recovery service for towing or carrying on a road any motor vehicle; but
(b)
does not include any vehicle specified as an exempt vehicle recovery service vehicle in the regulations or the rules
weight,—
(a)
in relation to a wheel, an axle, a group of axles, or a vehicle, means the weight, or, as the case may be, the sum of the weights, recorded or displayed on a weighing device of a type approved for the purpose by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6)), and used in a manner prescribed by the Minister of Police, by notice (see subsection (6)):
(b)
in relation to the load on a vehicle, means the gross weight of the vehicle less its unladen weight
work time includes (but is not limited to) all the time spent—
(a)
driving a vehicle to which section 30ZB(1) applies:
(b)
performing work-related duties, including (but not limited to)—
(i)
loading and unloading:
(ii)
maintenance and cleaning of vehicles (other than unpaid cleaning outside working hours):
(iii)
administration or recording:
(c)
in any paid employment (other than paid leave or paid breaks of at least 30 minutes’ duration), whether or not related to transport activities
zero alcohol licence means a licence that—
(a)
is issued to a person who is authorised to obtain the licence by a court order referred to in section 65B(1); and
(b)
authorises the person to drive on the condition that neither the person’s breath nor the person’s blood contains alcohol.
(1A)
If a transport service includes the use of vehicles that are specified as exempt vehicles in the regulations or the rules, the operation of those vehicles is not to be treated as part of the operation of the service.
(2)
Subsection (2A) applies to a reference in this Act to—
(a)
the use of a family of qualifying drugs (or a specified family of qualifying drugs) by a person; or
(b)
the presence of a family of qualifying drugs (or a specified family of qualifying drugs) in a person’s oral fluid; or
(c)
the concentration level of a family of qualifying drugs (or a specified family of qualifying drugs) in a person’s oral fluid.
(2A)
A reference of a kind set out in subsection (2) must be read as referring to 1 or more qualifying drugs from the relevant family of qualifying drugs (or specified family of qualifying drugs).
(3)
A notice under subsection (1) that is given by the Minister of Police for the purposes of approving a kind of device or a test may—
(a)
define an approved device as a device that bears or is associated by its manufacturer with such trade name or number or other expression, or any combination of those things, as may be specified in the notice:
(b)
provide for a test, or part of a test, to be carried out in accordance with instructions displayed or printed on or by a specified kind of device.
(4)
In the absence of proof to the contrary, a device is to be treated as bearing or being associated with a particular trade name or number or other expression if that name or number or other expression—
(a)
appears on the device, whether on a label or otherwise, or is shown on a display panel on the device; or
(b)
is printed out by the device on a card or on paper; or
(c)
appears on printed matter that—
(i)
accompanies the device; and
(ii)
is associated with the device or is intended by the manufacturer of the device to be associated with the device; and
(iii)
is issued by or on behalf of the manufacturer.
(5)
Despite anything in subsection (1), for the purposes of any proceedings against an offence of failing to comply with work time restrictions or rest time requirements, where no continuous period of rest of least 10 hours is or has been taken, a cumulative work day is to be treated as a period that—
(a)
begins from the commencement of any work time; and
(b)
ends only after a continuous period of rest of at least 10 hours is taken.
(6)
A notice under subsection (1) is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 2, 57A
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 2(1) Agency: inserted, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) alcohol interlock device: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) alcohol interlock device paragraph (c): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) alcohol interlock device paragraph (c): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) alcohol interlock licence: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) alcohol interlock licence: amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) alcohol interlock sentence: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) approved analyst paragraph (a): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) approved laboratory: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) approved provider: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) approved provider: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) approved taxi organisation: repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) approved vehicle surveillance equipment: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) approved vehicle surveillance equipment: amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) assessment centre: amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 89(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) Authority: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) automated infringement system: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) blood concentration level: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) blood specimen collecting instrument: inserted, on 5 November 2011, by section 4(18) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) blood specimen collecting instrument paragraph (b): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) blood specimen collecting kit: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) blood specimen collecting procedure: inserted, on 5 November 2011, by section 4(18) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) blood specimen collecting procedure: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) blood test: amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) blood test fee: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) blood test fee: amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) Board and Transfund: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 3(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 2(1) breath screening device: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) breath screening test: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) certificate of compliance: inserted, on 29 December 2001, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 2(1) class exemption: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 4 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 2(1) clean vehicle discount scheme: repealed, on 1 January 2024, by section 4 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
Section 2(1) commercial public transport service: repealed, on 13 June 2013, by section 72 of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35).
Section 2(1) compulsory impairment test: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) compulsory impairment test: amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) compulsory impairment test: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) conclusive evidential breath-testing device: repealed, on 29 December 2001, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 2(1) concurrent offence: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) control: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) control: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) control: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) control: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(2)(c) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) controlled drug: repealed (without coming into force), on 1 November 2009, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 2(1) court: amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 2(1) convert: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) cruising: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 2(1) cumulative work day: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) cumulative work period: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) detection point: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) Director or Director of Land Transport: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) Director: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) doctor’s surgery: repealed, on 7 November 2018, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 2(1) driver licence stop order: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 4 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 2(1) elective oral fluid sample: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) electronic address: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority: substituted, on 28 June 2006, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2006 (2006 No 30).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority: amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority paragraph (b): replaced, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(5) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority paragraph (b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority paragraph (ba): replaced, on 5 April 2025, by section 486 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority paragraph (c): repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) enforcement authority paragraph (d): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) enforcement officer paragraph (a): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 2(1) enforcement officer paragraph (b): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(d) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 2(1) enforcement officer paragraph (d): inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(7) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) evidence of use of a qualifying drug: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) evidential breath test: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) evidential breath-testing device: amended, on 28 October 2021, by regulation 91 of the Legislation Act (Amendments to Legislation) Regulations 2021 (LI 2021/247).
Section 2(1) facilitate: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) facilitated cost-sharing arrangement: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) facilitated cost-sharing arrangement: maximum amount per kilometre that may be paid to a driver under a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement as reimbursement for the driver’s costs is $0.73, on 1 October 2017, by clause 3 of the Land Transport (Facilitated Cost-sharing Arrangement Maximum Reimbursement) Notice 2017 (LI 2017/274).
Section 2(1) facilitated cost-sharing arrangement paragraph (a): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) facilitator: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) family of qualifying drugs: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) financial year: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) fire brigade: replaced, on 1 July 2017, by section 197 of the Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017 (2017 No 17).
Section 2(1) first oral fluid screening test (previously first oral fluid test): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) first oral fluid screening test (previously first oral fluid test): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(4)(a) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) first oral fluid screening test (previously first oral fluid test): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(4)(b) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) goods service: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) goods service paragraph (a): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) goods service paragraph (b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) goods service licence: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) goods service vehicle: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) gross laden weight: repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) gross vehicle mass: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) gross vehicle mass paragraph (a)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(6) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) gross vehicle mass paragraph (a)(iii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(6) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) health practitioner: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) heavy motor vehicle: amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) heavy traffic: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) heavy traffic paragraph (b): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) high-risk level: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) hospital: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) information system: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) infringement offence paragraph (ab): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) infringement offence paragraph (b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) infringement offence paragraph (ba): inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) infringement offence paragraph (c): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) infringement offence paragraph (ca): inserted, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 2(1) invalid carriage: repealed, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) land transport Act: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) land transport documents: replaced, on 23 February 2022, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 2(1) land transport record: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) land transport register paragraph (a): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 2(1) land transport register paragraph (a): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) land transport register paragraph (a): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) land transport register paragraph (b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) large passenger service: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) large passenger service licence: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) large passenger service vehicle: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) licensed paragraph (b): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) light rail vehicle: inserted, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) light rental service vehicle: amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) light vehicle: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 2(1) listed qualifying drug: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) local authority: substituted, on 1 July 2003, by section 262 of the Local Government Act 2002 (2002 No 84).
Section 2(1) logbook: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(9) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) logbook: amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(8) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) medical centre: inserted, on 7 November 2018, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 2(1) medical expenses: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) medical expenses: amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 2(1) medical laboratory technologist: inserted, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 2(1) medical laboratory technologist: amended, on 1 August 2011, by clause 8(2) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance (Designation of Anaesthetic Technology Services as Health Profession) Order 2011 (SR 2011/227).
Section 2(1) medical officer: replaced, on 7 November 2018, by section 4(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 2(1) medical practitioner: inserted, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 2(1) member: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) member: amended, on 25 January 2005, by section 200 of the Crown Entities Act 2004 (2004 No 115).
Section 2(1) Minister: substituted, on 1 December 2004, by section 3(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 2(1) mobility device: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) mobility device paragraph (b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) moped: replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 89(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) motor vehicle paragraph (c)(ii): repealed, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(9) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) motor vehicle paragraph (c)(vi): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(10) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) motor vehicle paragraph (c)(vii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(10) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) motor vehicle paragraph (c)(vii): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) motor vehicle paragraph (c)(viii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(10) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) motorcycle: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) motorcycle paragraph (b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(10) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) moving vehicle offence: replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) national land transport strategy or strategy: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) non-serviced area: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) nurse: inserted, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 2(1) optometrist: repealed, on 7 November 2018, by section 4(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 2(1) oral fluid test: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(1)(a) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) oral fluid testing device: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(1)(b) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) oral fluid sample: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) oral fluid screening device: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) oral fluid screening test: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) organised criminal activity: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) outputs: repealed, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(11) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) over-dimension offence: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) parking: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) parking offence: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) parking warden: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) parking warden: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) parking warden second definition: repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 89(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) passenger service: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) passenger service paragraph (b)(iia): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) passenger service paragraph (b)(iii): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) passenger service licence: repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) passenger service vehicle: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) passive breath-testing device: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) performance agreement: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 3(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 2(1) permanent speed limit: replaced, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(12) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) point-to-point average speed system: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 2(1) positive: replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) positive paragraph (b): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) positive paragraph (c): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) positive evidential breath test: repealed, on 7 August 2011, by section 4(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) positive evidential threshold: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) positive screening threshold: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) premises: amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) prescription medicine: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) proceedings: amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 2(1) qualifying bylaw: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 2(1) qualifying bylaw: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(10)(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) qualifying bylaw: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(10)(b) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) qualifying drug: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 2(1) qualifying drug paragraph (a): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) qualifying offence: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) rail operator: inserted, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) rail participant: inserted, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) rail service operator: repealed, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) rail service vehicle: repealed, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) rail vehicle: inserted, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) regional council: substituted, on 1 July 2003, by section 262 of the Local Government Act 2002 (2002 No 84).
Section 2(1) regional land transport strategy: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) register of motor vehicles: substituted, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) registered: amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 2(1) registered medical practitioner: repealed, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 2(1) registered optometrist: repealed, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 2(1) Registrar: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 2(1) Registrar: amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 2(1) relevant standard: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) rental service: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) rental service paragraph (b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 46(8) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) rental service licence: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) rental service vehicle: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) representative: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) rest time: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) road paragraph (e): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(11) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) Science Minister: amended, on 1 February 2011, by section 18 of the Research, Science, and Technology Act 2010 (2010 No 131).
Section 2(1) second oral fluid screening test (previously second oral fluid test): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) second oral fluid screening test (previously second oral fluid test): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(6)(a) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) second oral fluid screening test (previously second oral fluid test): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(6)(b) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) secondary legislation: repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) service: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) service charter: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 3(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 2(1) small passenger service: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) small passenger service licence: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) small passenger service operator: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) small passenger service vehicle: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) special vehicle lane: inserted, on 28 June 2006, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2006 (2006 No 30).
Section 2(1) specified family of qualifying drugs: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) specified qualifying drug: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(1) speed limit: replaced, on 1 September 2020, by section 24(13) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) stationary vehicle offence: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) stationary vehicle offence paragraph (a): replaced, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) taxi: repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) taxi service: repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) territorial authority: substituted, on 1 July 2003, by section 262 of the Local Government Act 2002 (2002 No 84).
Section 2(1) tolerance level: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) toll: inserted, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 2(1) toll offence: inserted, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 2(1) towage fee: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) towage fee: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) traction engine: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) traction engine paragraph (b): substituted, on 1 January 2009, by section 63(2) of the Public Transport Management Act 2008 (2008 No 87).
Section 2(1) Transit and Transit New Zealand: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 2(1) transport instrument: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 4 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 2(1) transport service: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) transport service paragraph (b)(i): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(13) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) transport service driver: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) transport service licence: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) transport service operator: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 61(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1) transport service vehicle: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) transport service vehicle paragraph (a): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(14) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) transport service vehicle paragraph (f): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(15) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) unlicensed: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) unlisted qualifying drug: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 2(1) vehicle paragraph (c)(iv): repealed, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(11) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) vehicle paragraph (c)(viii): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 4(12) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) vehicle paragraph (c)(x): added, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 2(1) vehicle recovery service: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) vehicle recovery service paragraph (b)(vii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 24(14) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 2(1) vehicle recovery service licence: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) vehicle recovery service vehicle: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(1) weight paragraph (a): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(1) work time: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(16) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) zero alcohol licence: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(1) zero alcohol licence paragraph (a): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 2(1A): inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 4(13) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 2(2): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(7) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(2): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(2A): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 4(7) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 2(3): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 2(5): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 4(22) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 2(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
2A Transitional, savings, and related provisions
The transitional, savings, and related provisions set out in Schedule 1 have effect according to their terms.
Section 2A: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 4 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
3 Act to bind the Crown
This Act binds the Crown.
Part 2 Primary responsibilities of participants in land transport system
General responsibilities
4 General requirements for participants in land transport system
(1)
A participant in the land transport system must ensure that the appropriate land transport documents and all the necessary qualifications and other documents are held by the participant.
(2)
A participant must comply with this Act, the relevant regulations and rules, and the conditions attached to the relevant land transport documents.
(3)
A participant, other than a rail participant, must ensure that the activities or functions for which the land transport document has been granted are carried out by the participant, and by all persons for whom the participant is responsible, safely and in accordance with the relevant prescribed safety standards and practices.
(4)
A person who applies for a land transport document that authorises the provision of a service within the land transport system must, if so required by the rules, satisfy the Director that the person is a fit and proper person; and the Director must determine whether a person is a fit and proper person for the purposes of this subsection in accordance with subpart 2 of Part 4A, which applies with any necessary modifications.
(5)
A participant who holds a land transport document that authorises the provision of a service within the land transport system—
(a)
must, if so required by the rules, establish and follow a safety management system that will ensure compliance with the relevant prescribed safety standards and the conditions attached to the document; and
(b)
must provide training and supervision to all employees of the participant who are engaged in doing anything to which the document relates, so as to maintain compliance with the relevant prescribed safety standards and the conditions attached to the document and to promote safety; and
(c)
must provide sufficient resources to ensure compliance with the relevant prescribed safety standards and the conditions attached to the document.
Compare: 1990 No 98 s 12
Section 4(3): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 4(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 25 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 4(4): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 5 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
5 Drivers to be licensed
(1)
A person may not drive a motor vehicle on a road—
(a)
without an appropriate current driver licence; or
(b)
in contravention of the conditions of the person’s driver licence; or
(c)
if the person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence, or the person’s driver licence is suspended or has been revoked, or the driving is contrary to an alcohol interlock licence, a zero alcohol licence, or a limited licence.
(2)
A person may not hold or apply for a driver licence while he or she is disqualified under this Act or any other Act from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(3)
While a person’s driver licence is suspended under this Act or any other Act, the person may not hold or obtain a driver licence.
(4)
A person driving a motor vehicle must produce without delay his or her driver licence for inspection whenever required to do so by an enforcement officer.
(5)
Nothing in subsection (1) or subsection (4) applies if the person driving—
(a)
is driving an ambulance in an emergency, and—
(i)
the emergency requires the licensed driver to perform other duties and it is impracticable for him or her to drive the ambulance, or the licensed driver is injured or otherwise unable to drive; and
(ii)
unless the licensed driver was unable to do so, the licensed driver has requested that person to drive in place of the licensed driver; or
(b)
is a member of a fire brigade and drives a motor vehicle used by a fire brigade for attendance at emergencies, so long as the vehicle being used at the time is used on urgent fire brigade service and it is impracticable for an appropriately licensed person to drive the vehicle; or
(c)
is a Police employee and drives a motor vehicle in an emergency requiring Police attendance, and—
(i)
the emergency is not reasonably foreseeable; and
(ii)
the driving is necessary in the interests of safety or public order; and
(iii)
an appropriately licensed person is not readily available.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 37(1), (1A), (2)
Section 5(1)(c): amended, on 10 September 2012, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 5(5)(c): amended, on 1 October 2008, by section 130(1) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
6 Vehicles to be safe and operated in compliance with rules
(1)
A person may not operate an unsafe motor vehicle on a road.
(2)
If the regulations or the rules require a vehicle to have current evidence of vehicle inspection or a current certificate of loading, or both, a person may not operate the vehicle on a road without the appropriate current evidence of vehicle inspection or certificate or both (as the case may require).
(3)
A person operating a motor vehicle that is required to have current evidence of vehicle inspection or a certificate of loading must comply with the provisions in the regulations and the rules concerning such evidence or certificate, and the operation of the vehicle.
(4)
Evidence of vehicle inspection must be displayed on the vehicle to which it applies.
(5)
A certificate of loading must be displayed on the vehicle to which it applies if required by the rules.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 5
Section 6(5): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 47 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
7 Drivers not to be reckless or dangerous
(1)
A person may not drive a motor vehicle, or cause a motor vehicle to be driven, recklessly.
(2)
A person may not drive a motor vehicle, or cause a motor vehicle to be driven, at a speed or in a manner which, having regard to all the circumstances, is or might be dangerous to the public or to a person.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 57
Section 7(1): substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 6(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 7(2): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 6(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
8 Drivers not to be careless or inconsiderate
A person may not drive a vehicle, or cause a vehicle to be driven, carelessly or without reasonable consideration for other persons
Section 8: substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
9 Loads transported by vehicles to be secured
A person operating a motor vehicle on a road, and any person loading that vehicle, must ensure that any load carried in or on the vehicle, or in or on a vehicle being towed by the vehicle driven by the operator, is secured and contained in such a manner that it cannot fall or escape from the vehicle.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70(1)
Section 9: amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Responsibilities of road users under ordinary and emergency rules
10 Road users and others to comply with ordinary rules and emergency rules
A person must comply with the rules.
Responsibilities concerning use of alcohol or drugs
11 Drivers not to exceed specified alcohol limits
A person may not drive or attempt to drive a motor vehicle while—
(a)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(b)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or section 73, exceeds 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(c)
if the person is younger than 20,—
(i)
the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, contains alcohol; or
(ii)
the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, contains alcohol; or
(d)
if the person holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence,—
(i)
the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, contains alcohol; or
(ii)
the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, contains alcohol.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 55(2)(b), (c), 58(1)(a), (c), (f), (g)
Section 11: amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 9 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 11(a): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 11(b): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 11(c): substituted, on 7 August 2011, by section 6(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 11(d): inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 6(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
11A Persons not to drive or attempt to drive while blood contains evidence of use of qualifying drug or concentration level of qualifying drug in oral fluid equals or exceeds specified concentration level
(1)
A person may not drive or attempt to drive a motor vehicle while the person’s blood contains evidence of use of a qualifying drug (see sections 57A(1) and (2), 57B(1) and (2), and 57C(1) and (2)).
(2)
A person’s blood contains evidence of use of a qualifying drug if—
(a)
the blood concentration level of a listed qualifying drug exceeds the tolerance level for the drug; or
(b)
the blood contains any level of an unlisted qualifying drug.
(3)
A person may not drive or attempt to drive a motor vehicle if the concentration level of a listed qualifying drug in the person’s oral fluid equals or exceeds the concentration level specified for that listed qualifying drug in a notice made under section 71GA (see sections 57A(3), 57B(3), and 57C(3) and (4)).
Section 11A: replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 11A heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 11A(1): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 11A(3): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
12 Persons not to drive while under influence of alcohol or drugs
A person may not drive or attempt to drive a motor vehicle while under the influence of drink or a drug, or both, to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58(1)(e); 1988 No 170 s 7
Section 12: amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Responsibilities of drivers and other road users concerning enforcement officers
13 Drivers and other road users to comply with directions of enforcement officers, etc
(1AA)
A person driving a motor vehicle that has a warning notice given under section 22AF attached to it must comply with that notice.
(1)
(2)
(3)
A person must comply with all lawful requirements and requests made by a health practitioner or medical officer under section 72 or section 73 (which relate to the administration of blood tests).
(4)
A person may not—
(a)
remove, obscure, or render indistinguishable a notice affixed to a vehicle under section 115, unless current evidence of vehicle inspection has been obtained for the vehicle or (if the notice was given under section 96(1B)) the direction requiring the vehicle not to be driven on a road has been cancelled under section 102(3)(b) or section 110(3)(a)(ii); or
(b)
drive a vehicle to which a notice given under section 115 applies until current evidence of vehicle inspection has been obtained for, and is displayed on, the vehicle.
(5)
Drivers and other persons must comply with all other lawful requirements, directions, notices, and requests given to, and prohibitions imposed on, them under this Act by an enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68C
Section 13(1AA): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 13(1AA): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 13(1): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 13(1): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 6(1)(a) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 13(1): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 6(1)(b) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 13(2): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 13(2): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 6(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 13(3): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 5 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 13(3): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 13(4)(a): amended, on 2 May 2003, by section 4 of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Part 3 Additional responsibilities concerning road transport
14 False or misleading information not to be given
A person who is required by or under this Act to give any specified information, or who gives a statutory declaration for any purpose under this Act, may not give in response to that requirement, or in that statutory declaration, information that the person knows to be false or misleading.
15 Persons not to impersonate enforcement officers
(1)
A person (other than an enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer) may not by words, conduct, or demeanour pretend to be an enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer, or put on or assume the dress, name, designation, or description of an enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer.
(2)
This section does not affect section 48 of the Policing Act 2008.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 192A
Section 15(2): amended, on 1 October 2008, by section 130(1) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
16 Heavy motor vehicles not to be overloaded or in breach of dimension requirements
(1)
A person operating a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles must not operate the vehicle or combination of vehicles in breach of any of the following:
(a)
the prescribed maximum mass limits for axles:
(b)
the prescribed maximum mass limits for axle sets:
(c)
the prescribed maximum mass limits for groups of axles:
(d)
the prescribed maximum gross mass limits for motor vehicles.
(2)
A person must not operate a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles if the vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds the gross vehicle mass for that vehicle or vehicles.
(3)
A person must not operate a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles if the vehicle or combination of vehicles breaches prescribed requirements in relation to dimensions.
Section 16: replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 48 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
16A Temporary restriction of heavy traffic on roads
(1)
This section applies if a road controlling authority decides on reasonable grounds that there is an urgent risk of either or both of the following:
(a)
damage to a road:
(b)
danger to the safety of road users.
(2)
The road controlling authority may, for a specified period of no more than 6 months, by a road closure sign, direct that any heavy traffic, or any specified kind of heavy traffic, may not proceed between any 2 places by way of any specified road or roads.
(3)
A sign referred to in subsection (2) must be displayed in at least 1 prominent position on every road to which the sign applies.
(4)
A person commits an offence, and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000, if the person contravenes the requirements of any sign described in subsection (2) unless the person proves that there was no other way reasonably available for the traffic concerned to proceed.
Section 16A: replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 49 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
16B Interference with operation of speed measuring devices
Every person commits an offence who—
(a)
uses in a motor vehicle any equipment that interferes with the operation of a speed measuring device:
(b)
possesses in a motor vehicle any equipment that is designed to interfere with the operation of a speed measuring device.
Section 16B: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
17 Distance recorders not to be altered
A person may not, with intent to cause a false record of the distance travelled by a motor vehicle to be shown or recorded, make or cause to be made any alteration to the distance recorder or to the vehicle.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 192B
18 Health practitioners to give Director medical reports of persons unfit to drive
(1)
This section applies if a health practitioner, who has attended or been consulted in respect of a driver licence holder, considers that—
(a)
the mental or physical condition of the licence holder is such that, in the interests of public safety, the licence holder—
(i)
should not be permitted to drive motor vehicles of a specified class or classes; or
(ii)
should only be permitted to drive motor vehicles subject to such limitations as may be warranted by the mental or physical condition of the licence holder; and
(b)
the licence holder is likely to drive a motor vehicle.
(2)
If this section applies, the health practitioner must as soon as practicable give the Director written notice of the opinion under subsection (1)(a) and the grounds on which it is based.
(3)
A health practitioner who gives a notice under subsection (2) in good faith is not liable to civil or professional liability because of any disclosure of personal medical information in that notice.
(4)
[Repealed]Compare: 1986 No 6 s 45A
Section 18 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 26(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 18 heading: amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 6(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 18(1): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 6(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 18(1): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 18(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 26(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 18(2): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 6(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 18(2): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 18(3): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 6(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 18(3): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 18(4): repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 9 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
19 Licences of certain persons subject to Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 to be suspended
(1)
If a person who holds a driver licence becomes subject to a compulsory treatment order that is an inpatient order or becomes a special patient under the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992,—
(a)
the person in charge of the hospital to which the person is referred or at which the person is detained must notify the Director of Land Transport of the making of an inpatient order or that the person is a special patient (as the case may be); and
(b)
the licence is suspended while the holder is subject to an inpatient order or is a special patient.
(2)
A person who has possession of the driver licence of a person referred to in subsection (1) must, on the request of the person in charge of the hospital at which the holder is an inpatient, deliver the licence to the person in charge of the hospital; and the person in charge must forward the licence to the Director of Area Mental Health Services.
(3)
The Director of Area Mental Health Services must retain a driver licence received under this section until it ceases to be subject to this section, and then,—
(a)
in the case of a licence that applies to commercial vehicles, forward the licence to the Director of Land Transport; or
(b)
in any other case, return the licence to the holder or to the person in possession referred to in subsection (2).
(4)
If a person to whom this section applies ceases to be a person referred to in subsection (1) and his or her responsible clinician considers that person to be unfit to hold a driver licence, the responsible clinician must advise the Director of Area Mental Health Services of that opinion and that Director must give the Director of Land Transport a certificate to that effect and (if it is in his or her possession) return the licence to the Director of Land Transport; and the licence has no effect unless it is returned to the holder under subsection (5).
(5)
A person referred to in subsection (4) may apply to the Director of Land Transport for the return of his or her driver licence and the Director of Land Transport must return the licence if satisfied the holder is fit to drive.
(6)
If—
(a)
a person to whom subsection (1) applies is, under any of sections 31, 50, and 52 of the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992, permitted to be absent on leave from a hospital under that Act; and
(b)
a responsible clinician certifies in writing that, in the clinician’s opinion, that person is fit to hold a driver licence,—
subsection (1)(b) does not apply to that person while that person is absent on leave from the hospital, and, if that person’s driver licence is held by the Director of Area Mental Health Services, the licence must be returned to the holder.
(7)
In any case to which subsection (3)(a) applies, once the holder ceases to be subject to this section, the Director of Land Transport must, as soon as practicable after the Director of Land Transport is satisfied the holder is eligible to hold the licence, return the licence to the holder or to the person previously in possession referred to in subsection (2).
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 46
Section 19(1)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 27(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 19(1)(a): amended, on 1 December 2004, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 19(3)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 27(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 19(3)(a): amended, on 1 December 2004, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 19(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 27(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 19(4): amended, on 1 December 2004, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 19(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 27(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 19(5): amended, on 1 December 2004, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 19(7): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 27(5) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 19(7): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 19(7): amended, on 1 December 2004, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
20 Traffic surveys not to be conducted unless approved by Agency
(1)
A person may not, without the prior written consent of the Agency, conduct on a road a traffic survey that is likely to involve the stopping, delay, or diversion of vehicles.
(2)
The Agency may consent conditionally or unconditionally, and, if any condition is not complied with, the Agency may direct that the survey be discontinued.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 76C
Section 20 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 20(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 20(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
21 Enforcement officers to ameliorate hazards
If an enforcement officer, acting in the course of his or her official duties, becomes aware of the existence on a road of a hazard to the safety of traffic (whether arising from the nature or condition of a road or otherwise), the officer must—
(a)
take such steps as may be reasonably practicable to eliminate or reduce the hazard; and
(b)
if it is not reasonably practicable for the officer to eliminate the hazard, as soon as practicable report the existence of the hazard to the road controlling authority with a view to eliminating the hazard.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 76B
22 Driver’s duties where accident occurs
(1)
If an accident arising directly or indirectly from the operation of a vehicle occurs to a person or to a vehicle, the driver or rider of the vehicle must—
(a)
stop and ascertain whether a person has been injured; and
(b)
render all practicable assistance to any injured persons.
(2)
The driver or rider of the vehicle must, if required by an enforcement officer or any other person involved in the accident, give the officer or other person—
(a)
the driver’s or rider’s name and address; and
(aa)
the driver’s or rider’s electronic address (if the driver or rider has an electronic address); and
(b)
the name and address of the owner of the vehicle; and
(ba)
the owner’s electronic address (if the owner has an electronic address); and
(c)
if the vehicle concerned is a motor vehicle, the number or letters or other expression on the registration plates assigned to the vehicle.
(3)
If the accident involves an injury to or the death of a person, the driver or rider must report the accident to an enforcement officer as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any case not later than 24 hours after the time of the accident, unless the driver or rider is incapable of doing so by reason of injuries sustained in the accident.
(4)
If the accident involves damage to an unoccupied motor vehicle or to other property belonging to a person other than the driver or rider, the driver or rider must (unless is incapable of doing so by reason of injuries sustained in the accident), not later than 48 hours after the time of the accident, report to the owner—
(a)
the driver’s or rider’s name and address; and
(aa)
the driver’s or rider’s electronic address (if the driver or rider has an electronic address); and
(b)
the number on the registration plates assigned to the motor vehicle; and
(c)
the location of the accident.
(5)
If the accident involves damage to an unoccupied motor vehicle or to other property belonging to a person other than the driver or rider, but the owner cannot readily be contacted or identified, the driver or rider must report the accident to an enforcement officer as soon as practicable and in any case within 60 hours after the time of the accident.
(6)
If the motor vehicle involved in the accident is a fire engine or an ambulance travelling to an emergency, the driver complies with subsection (1) if he or she stops the vehicle and sets down a member of the crew who is equipped with a first-aid kit and discharges all the other duties imposed on a driver by that subsection.
(7)
Subsections (3) to (5) do not apply if the driver or rider has been arrested or detained as a result of the accident.
(8)
This section does not apply to a rail vehicle unless that vehicle is a light rail vehicle.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 65
Section 22(2)(aa): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 22(2)(ba): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 22(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 22(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, by section 124(2) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 22(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 5(4)(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 22(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 5(4)(b) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 22(4)(aa): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 5(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 22(5): amended, on 1 October 2008, by section 124(3) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 22(8): added, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
22A Persons not to engage in unauthorised street or drag racing, or other related prohibited activities on roads
(1)
A person must not operate a motor vehicle in a race, or in an unnecessary exhibition of speed or acceleration, on a road unless the operation of the vehicle in that manner is authorised by law.
(2)
A person must not, without reasonable excuse, intentionally pour onto, place on, or allow to spill onto a road—
(a)
any petrol, oil, or diesel fuel; or
(b)
any other substance likely to cause a vehicle to undergo loss of traction.
(3)
A person must not, without reasonable excuse, operate a motor vehicle on a road in a manner that causes the vehicle to undergo sustained loss of traction unless the operation of the vehicle in that manner is authorised by law.
(3A)
A person may not, without reasonable excuse, operate a motor vehicle on a road in a manner that contravenes a bylaw made under section 22AB or 22AC.
(4)
In this section and in section 96(9), the operation of a motor vehicle in a particular manner is authorised by law if,—
(a)
in the case of a race or an exhibition of speed or acceleration,—
(i)
the speed of the vehicle is within the applicable speed limit or speed limits; and
(ii)
the vehicle operator does not contravene any enactment other than this section that applies in relation to the operation of the vehicle; or
(b)
the operation is conducted on a road that is closed for the purpose under section 319(h) or section 342 of the Local Government Act 1974, and is conducted in accordance with the conditions (if any) imposed under Schedule 10 of that Act; or
(c)
the operation is otherwise authorised by or under an enactment other than this section.
Bylaws
Heading: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
22AB Road controlling authorities may make certain bylaws
(1)
A road controlling authority may make any bylaw that it thinks fit for 1 or more of the following purposes:
(a)
controlling, restricting, or prohibiting cruising, including (but not limited to)—
(i)
specifying the section of road or roads on which cruising is controlled, restricted, or prohibited:
(ii)
prescribing the period of time that must elapse between each time a driver drives on a specified section of road for the driver to avoid being regarded as cruising:
(b)
prescribing fines, not exceeding $1,000, for the breach of any bylaw made under this section.
Vehicle and road use
(c)
prohibiting or restricting, absolutely or conditionally, any specified class of traffic (whether heavy traffic or not), or any specified motor vehicles or class of motor vehicle that, by reason of its size or nature or the nature of the goods carried, is unsuitable for use on any road or roads:
(d)
for the safety of the public or for the better preservation of any road,—
(i)
fixing the maximum speed of vehicles or of specified classes of vehicles on any road:
(ii)
designating any area, where that designation will have the effect of determining the speed limit in that area:
(e)
prohibiting or restricting engine braking in any area where the permanent speed limit does not exceed 70 kilometres per hour:
(f)
prohibiting or restricting the use of vehicles on beaches:
(g)
restricting the use of motor vehicles on unformed legal roads for the purposes of protecting the environment, the road and adjoining land, and the safety of road users:
(h)
prescribing the use of roads and cycle tracks, and the construction of anything on, over, or under a road or cycle track:
Heavy traffic
(i)
providing for the giving and taking of security by or from any person that no special damage will occur to any road, bridge, culvert, ferry, or ford by reason of any heavy traffic:
(j)
prohibiting any specified class of heavy traffic that has caused or is likely to cause serious damage to any road, unless the cost of reinstating or strengthening the road, as estimated by the Minister or the relevant road controlling authority, as the case may be, is paid previously:
(k)
providing for the annual or other payment of any reasonable sum by any person concerned in any heavy traffic by way of compensation for any damage likely to occur as a result of the heavy traffic to any road, bridge, culvert, ferry, or ford:
(l)
providing for the establishment, in accordance with section 361 of the Local Government Act 1974, of a toll to be levied on any class of heavy traffic:
Parking
(m)
prohibiting or restricting, subject to the erection of the prescribed signs, the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on any road; limiting the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on any road to vehicles of any specified class or description; limiting the period of time that vehicles may park on any part of the road where parking is limited to such vehicles; and providing that a vehicle used for the time being for any specified purpose must be treated for the purposes of the bylaw to be of a specified class or description, whether or not the vehicle belongs to any other class or description for any other purpose:
(n)
prohibiting or restricting, subject to the erection of the prescribed signs, the parking of heavy motor vehicles, or any specified class or description of heavy motor vehicle, on any specified road during specified hours or for a period that exceeds a specified period:
(o)
prescribing the use of parking places and transport stations, which includes (but is not limited to)—
(i)
specifying the vehicles or classes of vehicle that may be entitled to use any parking place or transport station:
(ii)
reserving any specified parking place or transport station for use, either generally or at specified times, only by members of the judiciary, health practitioners, members of the diplomatic corps or consular corps, or disabled persons as defined in section 2 of the Disabled Persons Community Welfare Act 1975:
(iii)
if in the relevant road controlling authority’s opinion it would be reasonable to reserve parking places or transport stations for use by persons who reside in the vicinity,—
(A)
reserving specified parking places or transport stations for those persons to use, either generally or at specified times; and
(B)
setting the fees that those persons must pay to the relevant road controlling authority, whether annual or otherwise, for the use of those parking places or transport stations (provided that the fees do not exceed the reasonable cost to the relevant road controlling authority of the service involved in granting a permit to park in any parking place or transport station, collecting fees, or otherwise in relation to the reserving of any parking place or transport station):
(iv)
prohibiting or restricting parking (being the stopping or standing of a vehicle for a period in excess of that specified in the bylaws) on specified roads or part of roads in residential areas by specified classes of vehicles, either generally or at specified times, where in the relevant road controlling authority’s opinion the parking is likely to cause a nuisance or danger:
(v)
prescribing the conditions under which any parking place or transport station may be used:
(vi)
prescribing the charges to be paid to the relevant road controlling authority in connection with the use of any parking place or transport station, as measured by parking meters or in any other manner specified in the bylaws:
(vii)
providing for the removal of vehicles from parking places or transport stations or roads where those vehicles are using those places or stations in breach of the bylaws, and requiring the payment of the reasonable cost of such removal:
Signs and markings
(p)
providing that, subject to the erection of the prescribed signs, vehicles on roads must travel in 1 specified direction only:
(q)
prohibiting, subject to the erection of the prescribed signs, vehicles on a roadway turning from facing or travelling in 1 direction to facing or travelling in the opposite direction, or prohibiting vehicles on a road, other than vehicles of a specified class, from turning to the right or to the left:
(r)
prescribing, subject to the marking of lanes on the roadway, that on any road any traffic lane may be used or any turning movement may be made only by vehicles of specified classes or vehicles carrying specified classes of loads or no fewer than a specified number of occupants:
Livestock
(s)
prohibiting, either absolutely or conditionally, the crossing of any bridge or culvert by horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, or other animals, or vehicles and regulating the times at which or the manner in which any horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, or other animals, or vehicles, may cross or be taken over any bridge or culvert:
(t)
prescribing the routes by which and the times at which horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, or other animals, or specified classes of vehicles, may pass over any road:
(u)
prohibiting the driving of loose horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, or other animals along any road, otherwise than at the times and by the routes so prescribed, except with the permission of the Minister or of the relevant road controlling authority, as the case may be, and on the conditions that the Minister or the relevant road controlling authority, as the case may be, thinks fit:
(v)
prohibiting, either absolutely or conditionally, the driving of horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, or other animals along any road, and requiring that no horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, or other animals may be taken upon or enter any road unless they are confined within a motor vehicle:
Displays, vegetation, and access
(w)
regulating the use of any means of access constructed under section 319(1) of the Local Government Act 1974:
(x)
requiring the owner or occupier of any area of land on which a building is situated or the owner or occupier of any building or part of a building, being land or a building or part of a building to which a number has been allocated under section 319B of the Local Government Act 1974, to display that number in a position visible from the road:
(y)
regulating, controlling, or prohibiting the display or continuance of the display of posters, placards, handbills, writings, pictures, or devices for advertising or other purposes on or over public buildings or bridges, or on or over buildings, walls, fences, posts, trees, pavements, or hoardings, that are situated—
(i)
in or on or adjoining any land or road that is the property of, or under the control of, the relevant road controlling authority; or
(ii)
where that display is visible from a road or public place:
(z)
restricting or prohibiting the planting or erection, at or within a specified distance from corners, bends, or intersections on roads, of trees, shrubs, hedges, scrub, or other growth, or of fences or walls, that, in the opinion of the relevant road controlling authority are, or are likely to constitute, a source of nuisance or danger to traffic, and requiring the trimming or cutting down of such trees, shrubs, hedges, scrub, or other growth:
(za)
requiring any allotment in such parts of the district as are specified in the bylaws to be fenced along its line of frontage to any road and to be kept clear of noxious plants:
(zb)
prohibiting the cutting of grass for seed on roads or on any specified roads without the previous consent in writing of the relevant road controlling authority, either at all times or during any specified part of the year:
(zc)
regulating the use of, and protecting, grass plots, flower beds, and shrubberies laid out in roads or on land vested in or under the control of the relevant road controlling authority by or under the authority of the relevant road controlling authority, and protecting trees growing on any roads or on land vested in or under the control of the relevant road controlling authority (whether or not planted by the relevant road controlling authority):
(zd)
regulating or prohibiting the construction of cellars or the making of excavations within a specified distance from any road or any adjoining land, and preventing cellars and excavations from becoming a receptacle for stagnant water or other impure matter:
Weights
(ze)
providing for—
(i)
the weighing or measurement of vehicle loads:
(ii)
the computation of the weight or measurement of loads from the cubical or superficial measurements of vehicle loads:
(zf)
prescribing the quantity of material that, for the purpose of a computation, may be conclusively treated as a specified weight or measurement of vehicle loads from the cubical or superficial measurements of vehicle loads:
(zg)
providing for the drivers of vehicles to—
(i)
give information as to vehicle loads and as to the quantity, weight, size, or measurement of vehicle loads:
(ii)
do any thing for the purpose of enabling the quantity, weight, size, or measurement of the loads to be ascertained, as may be requested by any person authorised in this regard:
(zh)
regulating the weights of vehicles or loads that may pass over bridges or culverts:
Pedlars
(zi)
prohibiting or permitting the occupation of stands or stalls (including vehicles used as stalls) by hawkers, pedlars, and keepers of mobile or travelling shops (subject, in the case of a State highway, to the prior consent of the Agency and to any conditions imposed by the Agency)—
(i)
in roads, public places, and State highways as the relevant road controlling authority thinks fit; or
(ii)
in specified roads or State highways or parts of specified roads or State highways; or
(iii)
in any public place adjoining specified roads or State highways or parts of specified roads or State highways if the presence of the stall or stand is likely to cause an obstruction or a danger to traffic:
(zj)
prescribing charges in respect of any permits that may be granted in relation to matters specified in paragraph (zi):
General
(zk)
regulating any road-related matters not addressed by paragraphs (a) to (zj), including (but not limited to) enhancing or promoting road safety or providing protection for the environment.
(2)
A bylaw made under subsection (1) may apply—
(a)
to all roads, any specified road, or any part of a specified road under the care, control, or management of the road controlling authority making the bylaw:
(b)
to all vehicles or traffic or to any specified class or classes of vehicles or traffic using a road under the care, control, or management of the road controlling authority making the bylaw:
(c)
at any specified time or times.
(3)
A bylaw made under subsection (1) may leave any matter or thing to be regulated, controlled, or prohibited by the road controlling authority by resolution generally, for any specified classes of case, or in a particular case.
(3A)
A relevant road controlling authority may, by resolution, limit a parking place or transport station or any specified part of that parking place or transport station to vehicles belonging to or used by particular persons or classes of persons or to vehicles used for particular public purposes.
(3B)
If, under subsection (3A), a parking place or transport station is limited to vehicles belonging to or used by particular persons or classes of persons or to vehicles used for particular public purposes, no person in charge of any other vehicle may allow the vehicle to stand in the parking place or transport station.
(4)
A copy of every bylaw made under this section by a road controlling authority must, within 1 week after being made, be sent by the road controlling authority to the Minister, who may at any time disallow the bylaw or any part of the bylaw under section 22AC.
(5)
Nothing in this section—
(a)
applies to any railway on, over, or across any road; or
(b)
limits any provision in this Act or any other Act, or any provision in any rules or regulations made under this Act or any other Act, regarding the regulation of traffic on roads; or
(c)
limits the power to make bylaws conferred on a road controlling authority under any other Act.
(6)
In this section,—
keeper, in relation to a mobile or travelling shop, means the person by whom or on whose behalf any business is carried on by means of the mobile or travelling shop
mobile or travelling shop—
(a)
means a vehicle, whether self-propelled or not, from which goods, wares, or merchandise are offered or available for sale in the road, or from which goods, wares, or merchandise may be ordered in the road (whether or not in response to any invitation) or from which services are offered for sale in the road; but
(b)
does not include any vehicle on or from which food is sold for consumption in or at the vehicle, or any vehicle used for the purpose of transporting and delivering goods, wares, or merchandise ordered previously
parking place has the same meaning as in section 591(6) of the Local Government Act 1974
railway has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005
transport station has the same meaning as in section 591(6) of the Local Government Act 1974.
(7)
Bylaws and resolutions made under this section are secondary legislation for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2019, but section 161A of the Local Government Act 2002 applies to all bylaws and resolutions made under this section as if they were made by a local authority.
Section 22AB: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 22AB(1)(b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 90 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 22AB(1)(c) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(c): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(d): replaced, on 22 July 2015, by section 11 of the Land Transport (Speed Limits Validation and Other Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 64).
Section 22AB(1)(e): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(f): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(g): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(h): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(i) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(i): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(j): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(k): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(l): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(m) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(m): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(n): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(o): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(o)(ii): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 64 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 22AB(1)(p) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(p): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(q): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(r): replaced, on 1 July 2017, by section 18 of the Energy Innovation (Electric Vehicles and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 27).
Section 22AB(1)(s) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(s): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(t): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(u): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(v): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(w) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(w): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(x): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(y): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(z): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(za): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zb): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zc): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zd): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(ze) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(ze): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zf): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zg): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zh): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zi) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zi): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zj): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zk) heading: added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(1)(zk): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(3A): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(3A): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 22AB(3B): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(6): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 10(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 22AB(7): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
22AC Minister may amend, replace, or disallow bylaws
(1)
The Minister may, by notice, amend, replace, or disallow, either wholly or in part, any bylaw made by a road controlling authority under section 22AB or any other enactment (whether before or after the commencement of this section) if the bylaw—
(a)
is inconsistent with any enactment; or
(aa)
is inconsistent with or duplicates any land transport record included in the register established by section 200E; or
(b)
is unreasonable or undesirable in so far as it relates to or may affect traffic.
(2)
On any disallowance under subsection (1), the bylaw must, to the extent to which it is disallowed, be treated as having been revoked.
(3)
Any disallowance under subsection (1) takes effect either on the day after the notice of disallowance is published under the Legislation Act 2019 (see subsection (4)) or on a later date that may be specified in the notice.
(4)
A notice under this section is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| Presentation | It is not required to be presented to the House of Representatives because a transitional exemption applies under Schedule 1 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 22AC: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 22AC(1): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 22AC(1)(aa): inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 28 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 22AC(3): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 22AC(4): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
22AD Consultation
(1)
Section 156 of the Local Government Act 2002 applies to a bylaw under section 22AB made by a road controlling authority that is a local authority as if that bylaw had been made under that Act.
(1A)
[Repealed](2)
A road controlling authority that is not a local authority may not make a bylaw under section 22AB unless it has consulted with—
(a)
the occupiers of any properties adjoining the road to which the proposed bylaw would apply; and
(b)
any affected road controlling authorities that are responsible for roads that join, or are located near, the road to which the proposed bylaw would apply; and
(c)
the territorial authority for the area where the road is located; and
(d)
any affected local community; and
(e)
the Commissioner of Police; and
(f)
any other organisation or road user group that the road controlling authority considers affected; and
(g)
the Agency (if the road controlling authority is not the Agency).
(3)
The road controlling authority must—
(a)
give notice in writing to the persons specified in subsection (2) of the road controlling authority’s proposal to make, amend, or replace a bylaw; and
(b)
give those persons a reasonable time, which must be specified in the notice, to make submissions on the proposal.
Section 22AD: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 22AD(1): replaced, on 22 July 2015, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Speed Limits Validation and Other Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 64).
Section 22AD(1A): repealed, on 5 April 2025, by section 486 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10).
22AE Publication and proof of bylaws
(1)
As soon as practicable after a bylaw is made, the road controlling authority must give public notice of the making of the bylaw, stating—
(a)
the date on which the bylaw comes into force; and
(b)
that copies of the bylaw may be inspected and obtained at the office of the relevant road controlling authority on payment of a specified amount.
(2)
A road controlling authority must—
(a)
keep copies of all its bylaws at the office of the road controlling authority; and
(b)
make its bylaws available for public inspection, without fee, at reasonable hours at the office of the road controlling authority; and
(c)
supply to any person, on request and on payment of a reasonable charge, a copy of any of its bylaws.
(3)
The production of any document purporting to contain a printed copy of any bylaw made under section 22AB and authenticated by the road controlling authority that made it is, until the contrary is proved, sufficient evidence of the existence and provisions of the bylaw.
Section 22AE: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
22AF Warning notices
(1)
If a motor vehicle is operated in a manner that breaches a qualifying bylaw, an enforcement officer may attach a warning notice to the motor vehicle (instead of, or in addition to, issuing an applicable infringement notice).
(2)
The warning notice must be—
(a)
in the form prescribed by the Minister of Police by notice in the Gazette; and
(b)
attached to the motor vehicle subject to the warning notice in a manner that—
(i)
is visible; but
(ii)
does not interfere with the driver’s view of the road.
(3)
A warning notice attached to a motor vehicle under subsection (1)—
(a)
is in effect for a period of 90 days from the date of its attachment; and
(b)
must remain attached to the motor vehicle for that period.
Section 22AF: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Traction engine safety
Heading: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 11 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
22B Operators of traction engines to hold appropriate current qualification
(1)
A person may not use a traction engine in a public place—
(a)
without an appropriate qualification provided for in the regulations or the rules; or
(b)
if the person is not permitted under this Act to drive a motor vehicle.
(2)
A person who uses a traction engine must produce without delay his or her qualification referred to in subsection (1)(a) for inspection whenever required to do so by an enforcement officer.
(3)
In this section and sections 22C and 36B, public place—
(a)
means a place that is open to, or being used by, the public, whether or not there is a charge for admission; and
(b)
includes a road and any part of a public place.
Section 22B: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 11 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
22C Traction engine to be safe and operated in compliance with regulations and rules
(1)
A person may not use a traction engine in a public place in a manner that, having regard to all the circumstances, is or might be dangerous to the public or to a person.
(2)
If the regulations or the rules require a traction engine to have current evidence of vehicle inspection, or any other certificate, or both, a person may not use the traction engine in a public place without the appropriate current evidence of vehicle inspection, certificate, or both (as the case may require).
(3)
A person who uses a traction engine that is required to have current evidence of vehicle inspection, or a certificate, must comply with the regulations and the rules concerning such evidence or certificate, and the use of the traction engine.
(4)
Current evidence of vehicle inspection must be displayed on the traction engine to which it applies.
Section 22C: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 11 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Part 4 Driver licensing
23 Issue of driver licences
(1)
The Director must issue driver licences in accordance with the regulations and the rules.
(2)
Except as provided in subsection (3), a driver licence may be issued for a period not exceeding 10 years and, unless the licence is extended under that subsection or for any reason ceases to have effect on an earlier date, the licence expires on the expiry date specified on the licence.
(3)
The Director may—
(a)
issue licences for a period not exceeding 11 years in cases provided for by the rules:
(b)
extend, in accordance with the rules, the term of a driver licence by 1 further period not exceeding 12 months.
(4)
All driver licences in force immediately before this subsection comes into force continue in force and expire on a date to be determined in accordance with the rules, even though they may have been valid for more than 10 years when issued.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 4
Section 23(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 29 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 23(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 29 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
24 Director may issue temporary driver licences
(1)
If an applicant for a driver licence meets the requirements for the issue of a licence of the class sought and the Director is satisfied there will be some delay in issuing the licence, the Director may issue to the person a temporary driver licence which—
(a)
must be in such form and contain such details as may be specified in the rules; and
(b)
is valid for such period, not exceeding 21 days, as may be specified on the temporary licence.
(2)
A temporary driver licence issued under this section has the same effect as a driver licence of the same class issued under section 23.
(3)
Despite subsection (1), in the case of a person whose licence has expired or been revoked, the Director may issue a temporary licence, valid for a period not exceeding 1 year as specified on the temporary licence, as necessary to enable the person to continue to drive while his or her fitness to drive is assessed by the Director or a person authorised by the Director.
Section 24 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 24(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 24(3): added, on 16 January 2006, by section 12 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 24(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 30(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
24A Authorised persons may request driver licences for certain persons
(1)
Despite section 23, the following persons may make a written request to the Director to create and issue a driver licence for an assumed identity:
(a)
the Commissioner, for the purpose of protecting a person who—
(i)
is a Police employee or a person who is, has been, or may be a witness in any proceedings:
(ii)
needs protection because of his or her relationship to a person who is, has been, or may be a witness in any proceeding:
(iii)
needs protection because of his or her relationship to a Police employee:
(b)
the Director-General of an intelligence and security agency, for the purpose of protecting the identity of a person who is, has been, or will be an employee:
(c)
the chief executive, for the purpose of protecting a person who is, has been, or will be—
(i)
a fishery officer; or
(ii)
approved by the chief executive to undertake activities for the Ministry.
(2)
The Director may create and issue a driver licence for an assumed identity if the Director receives a request under subsection (1)(a), (b), or (c).
(3)
New identity information is created by the Director by omitting, amending, or adding to—
(a)
birth information, description information, name change information, or address information (including, if necessary, the creation of other identities to support the person’s new identity information); and
(b)
operational or administrative information as necessary, so that it supports the information described in paragraph (a).
(4)
The Director may omit, amend, or add information as necessary if the Director receives notification that the driver licence is no longer required, or has been compromised, from—
(a)
the Commissioner, in relation to the driver licence created as a result of a request under subsection (1)(a); or
(b)
the Director-General of an intelligence and security agency, in relation to new identity information created as the result of a request under subsection (1)(b); or
(c)
the chief executive, in relation to the driver licence created as a result of a request under subsection (1)(c).
(5)
In this section,—
chief executive, fishery officer, and Ministry have the same meanings as in section 2(1) of the Fisheries Act 1996
Director-General of an intelligence and security agency has the meaning given to it by section 4 of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017
employee, in relation to an intelligence and security agency, has the meaning given to it by section 22 of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017
intelligence and security agency has the meaning given to it by section 4 of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017
Police employee means—
(a)
a person appointed under section 18 of the Policing Act 2008; or
(b)
a person—
(i)
who is a member of an overseas law enforcement agency that corresponds to the New Zealand Police; and
(ii)
whose identity is concealed for the purpose of carrying out a policing function approved by the Commissioner.
Compare: 1995 No 16 s 65
Section 24A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 11 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 24A(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 31(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 24A(1)(b): replaced, on 28 September 2017, by section 281(1) of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 24A(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 31(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 24A(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 31(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 24A(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 31(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 24A(4)(b): replaced, on 28 September 2017, by section 281(2) of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 24A(5) Director-General of an intelligence and security agency: inserted, on 28 September 2017, by section 281(4) of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 24A(5) Director of Security, employee, and officer: repealed, on 28 September 2017, by section 281(3) of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 24A(5) employee: inserted, on 28 September 2017, by section 281(4) of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 24A(5) intelligence and security agency: inserted, on 28 September 2017, by section 281(4) of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
25 Minimum age for driver licensing
(1)
A person who is younger than 16 years may not hold or obtain a driver licence.
(2)
However, a person who holds a New Zealand driver licence immediately before 1 August 2011 and is younger than 16 years may continue to hold that driver licence.
(3)
A person referred to in subsection (2) may apply to the Director to reinstate or replace that licence as necessary, or apply for a limited licence if an order has been made under section 105.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 40(2)
Section 25(1): amended, on 1 August 2011, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 25(2): added, on 1 August 2011, by section 12(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 25(3): added, on 1 August 2011, by section 12(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 25(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 32 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
26 Drivers may be tested and examined
The Director may require an applicant for a driver licence and holders of driver licences to—
(a)
complete courses that are approved by the Director:
(b)
pass tests and examinations that are approved by the Director.
Section 26: substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 26: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 33(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 26(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 33(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 26(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 33(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
27 Suspension and revocation of licences
The Director may suspend or revoke a driver licence in accordance with the regulations and the rules.
Section 27: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 34 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
28 Photographic driver licence
(1)
A driver licence must be in the prescribed form and must have on it—
(a)
a photographic image of the holder; and
(b)
the holder’s name and signature; and
(c)
the holder’s date of birth; and
(d)
unique identifiers to distinguish the licence and the holder from other driver licences and holders; and
(e)
the classes to which the licence applies; and
(f)
the endorsements issued to the holder; and
(g)
the original date of issue of the licence; and
(h)
the date on which the licence expires; and
(i)
organ donor information (if applicable); and
(j)
an indication of any condition the holder must comply with while driving a motor vehicle; and
(k)
such other features as may be specified in the rules for the purposes of verifying or protecting the integrity of the licence.
(2)
In addition, a driver licence may show the holder’s address if the holder requests that those details be shown.
(3)
A driver licence may not have on it any photographic image, information, or features other than those referred to in subsection (1) or subsection (2).
(4)
This section applies to licences issued or renewed on or after the date this section comes into force, subject to subsections (4A), (4B), and (4C).
(4A)
Without limiting subsection (4), subsection (1)(g) applies to all new driver licences, including—
(a)
renewal of a current driver licence; and
(b)
renewal of an expired driver licence, whether the holder—
(i)
was previously suspended or disqualified; or
(ii)
failed to renew his or her driver licence on expiry; and
(c)
a replacement driver licence.
(4B)
Despite subsections (1)(g) and (4),—
(a)
in the case of a driver licence that has been revoked, the new driver licence must show the date of issue of the new licence; and
(b)
in the case of a person who applies to convert an overseas licence or permit to a New Zealand full driver licence, the licence must show the date of issue of that person’s first New Zealand driver licence; and
(c)
in the case of a learner licence or restricted licence issued under Part 4 of the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999, the original date of issue of the learner licence or restricted licence must be shown on that licence.
(4C)
Subsection (4B)(c) does not apply if the learner licence or the restricted licence adds a class to an existing licence.
(5)
The Agency—
(a)
must store the photographic image used for each licence until the licence expires; and
(b)
may store the photographic image used for each licence after the licence has expired.
Section 28(1)(g): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 14(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 28(4): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 14(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 28(4A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 28(4B): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 28(4C): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 28(5): replaced, on 22 August 2017, by section 40 of the Enhancing Identity Verification and Border Processes Legislation Act 2017 (2017 No 42).
Section 28(5): amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 35 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
28A Transitional provisions for photographic driver licences
Despite section 28(1)(g) and (4), the date of issue of a driver licence continues to be shown on an existing licence until that licence is renewed or replaced under Part 12 of the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999.
Section 28A: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
29 Certain driver licences have no effect
(1)
A driver licence has no effect if—
(a)
a person is disqualified from holding, or unqualified to hold, a driver licence:
(b)
the licence is invalid or is issued invalidly:
(c)
the licence is revoked, cancelled, superseded, or replaced:
(d)
the licence is for the time being suspended under any Act.
(2)
An authority to drive vehicles of a specified class that is conferred by part of a driver licence or an endorsement on a driver licence has no effect if—
(a)
the person who obtained the authority is not qualified to drive, or is disqualified from driving, vehicles of that class; or
(b)
the relevant part of the licence or the endorsement is for the time being suspended, or has been revoked, under any Act.
Section 29(1): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 13 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
29A Persons convicted of specified serious offences prohibited from holding passenger endorsement
(1)
A person who has been convicted of a specified serious offence on, before, or after the commencement of this section may not hold a passenger endorsement on his or her driver licence.
(2)
A passenger endorsement is deemed to be expired and of no effect if held by a person who has been convicted of a specified serious offence on, before, or after the commencement of this section.
(3)
Despite subsection (1), a person may hold a passenger endorsement if—
(a)
the person has not, with respect to a conviction for a specified serious offence, been sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding 12 months; and
(b)
the Director is, having regard to the criteria in section 29B(2)(b), satisfied that allowing the person to hold a passenger endorsement would not—
(i)
be contrary to the public interest; and
(ii)
pose an undue risk to public safety or security.
(4)
For the purposes of this section,—
imprisonment excludes—
(a)
corrective training; or
(b)
borstal training; or
(c)
detention centre training
specified serious offence means—
(a)
murder; or
(b)
a sexual crime under Part 7 of the Crimes Act 1961 punishable by 7 or more years’ imprisonment (other than an act that is no longer an offence); and includes a crime under section 144A or section 144C of that Act; or
(c)
an offence against any of the following sections of the Crimes Act 1961:
(i)
section 173 (attempt to murder):
(ii)
section 174 (counselling or attempting to procure murder):
(iii)
section 175 (conspiracy to murder):
(iv)
section 176 (accessory after the fact to murder):
(v)
section 188 (wounding with intent):
(vi)
section 189(1) (intent to cause bodily harm by injury):
(vii)
section 191 (aggravated wounding or injury):
(viii)
section 198 (discharging firearm or doing dangerous act with intent):
(ix)
section 199 (acid throwing):
(x)
section 200(1) (intent to cause grievous bodily harm by poison):
(xi)
section 201 (infecting with disease):
(xii)
section 208 (abduction for purposes of marriage or sexual connection):
(xiii)
section 209 (kidnapping):
(xiv)
section 210 (abduction of young person under 16):
(xv)
section 234 (robbery):
(xvi)
section 235 (aggravated robbery):
(xvii)
section 236 (assault with intent to rob):
(d)
an offence committed outside New Zealand that, if committed in New Zealand, would constitute an offence specified in paragraphs (a) to (c).
Section 29A: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 16 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 29A heading: amended, on 21 March 2006, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 2).
Section 29A(1): amended, on 21 March 2006, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 2).
Section 29A(3): substituted, on 21 March 2006, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 2).
Section 29A(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 36 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 29A(3)(b): amended, on 20 September 2007, by section 4 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 66).
Section 29A(4): added, on 21 March 2006, by section 4(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 2).
29B Passenger endorsement may be reinstated in certain cases
(1)
A person who has a conviction for a specified serious offence may apply to the Director to have the passenger endorsement reinstated if—
(a)
the person’s passenger endorsement—
(i)
is deemed to be expired and of no effect under section 29A(2); or
(ii)
expired during the period beginning on 22 June 2005 and ending on the close of 15 January 2006; and
(b)
the person has not, with respect to a conviction for an offence specified in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of the definition of specified serious offence in section 29A(4), been sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding 12 months.
(2)
If an application is made under subsection (1), the Director—
(a)
may reinstate the applicant’s passenger endorsement if satisfied that allowing the applicant to hold a passenger endorsement would not—
(i)
be contrary to the public interest; and
(ii)
pose an undue risk to public safety or security; and
(b)
must, when determining whether reinstating the applicant’s passenger endorsement would not be contrary to the public interest and would not pose an undue risk to public safety or security, have regard to—
(i)
the sentence imposed for the applicant’s last conviction for a specified serious offence; and
(ii)
the length of time since the applicant’s last conviction for a specified serious offence; and
(iii)
the nature and circumstances of each specified serious offence for which the applicant has been convicted; and
(iv)
any other convictions that the applicant has; and
(v)
the general safety criteria set out in section 30C; and
(vi)
any other matters that the Director considers relevant, including (but not limited to) submissions by any affected party.
(3)
If the Director decides to reinstate the person’s passenger endorsement under subsection (2) or allow a person to hold a passenger endorsement under section 29A(3), section 29A(1) does not apply with respect to the person unless the person commits a specified serious offence on or after the date of the Director’s decision.
(4)
If the Director decides not to reinstate the person’s passenger endorsement under subsection (2) or allow a person to hold a passenger endorsement under section 29A(3), the person may appeal to the High Court.
(5)
For the purposes of this section,—
imprisonment has the same meaning as in section 29A(4)
specified serious offence has the same meaning as in section 29A(4).
Section 29B: substituted, on 21 March 2006, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 2).
Section 29B(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 37(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 29B(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 37(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 29B(2)(b)(vi): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 37(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 29B(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 37(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 29B(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 37(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 29B(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 37(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30 Driver licences are property of Agency and are to be surrendered in certain circumstances
(1)
Driver licences are the property of the Agency and, except where section 19 or subsection (4B) applies, must be surrendered or forwarded to the Agency or the Director in accordance with subsections (2) to (4A).
(2)
The holder of a driver licence must, immediately after receiving notice of the suspension or revocation, surrender his or her licence to the Agency or the Director if—
(a)
the licence is suspended or revoked under any Act; or
(b)
the suspension or revocation applies to any endorsement or class specified in the licence but not to the whole licence.
(3)
If the holder of a driver licence is disqualified by order of a court from holding or obtaining a driver licence, the holder must (whether or not a demand is made on him or her) immediately surrender the licence to the court where the order was made or to a constable or at any office of the Agency.
(3A)
If an enforcement officer has suspended a person’s driver licence in accordance with section 90(2), the person must immediately surrender his or her licence to the officer.
(4)
A person who receives a driver licence under subsection (3), (3A), (4A)(b) or (c), or (4B) must immediately forward it to the Agency.
(4A)
The holder of a driver licence must, if that licence is superseded by another driver licence, surrender that driver licence to—
(a)
the Agency; or
(b)
a person appointed by the Agency or the Director; or
(c)
a constable.
(4B)
A person on whom a driver licence stop order is imposed must,—
(a)
if the order is served in a way other than that described in section 91B(1)(a), deliver or post his or her driver licence to an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice at an office of that Ministry or at the District Court:
(b)
if the order is served in the way described in section 91B(1)(a), surrender his or her driver licence to the employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice, or to the enforcement officer, who serves the order.
(5)
The Director must, subject to sections 82A, 83, and 105(6A) and as soon as practicable after being satisfied that a person is entitled to apply for and be granted a driver licence,—
(a)
issue a new driver licence to the person when the disqualification or suspension expires or is removed; or
(b)
in the case where a court authorises the issue of an alcohol interlock licence, issue an alcohol interlock licence to the person; or
(c)
in the case where a court authorises the issue of a zero alcohol licence, issue a zero alcohol licence to the person; or
(d)
in the case where a court authorises the issue of a limited licence, issue a limited licence to the person.
Section 30 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30 heading: amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 17(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 38(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30(1): amended, on 1 November 2013, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 30(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30(1): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 17(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 38(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(ii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 30(3): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30(3A): inserted, on 20 September 2007, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 66).
Section 30(4): amended, on 1 November 2013, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 30(4): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30(4): amended, on 20 September 2007, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 66).
Section 30(4A): inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 17(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30(4A)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 38(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30(4A)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30(4A)(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30(4A)(c): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(ii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 30(4B): inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 5(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 30(4B)(a): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 30(5): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 14 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 30(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 38(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Part 4A Transport services licensing
Part 4A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Subpart 1—Primary responsibilities of holders of transport service licences
Subpart 1: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30A Requirements for vehicles
(1)
A holder of a transport service licence must ensure that—
(a)
every vehicle to be used in the service is maintained in a fit and proper condition and that the requirements of any legislation (including bylaws) made for this purpose are met:
(b)
no vehicle is used in the service unless and until all fees payable in respect of the vehicle and the service under any legislation (including bylaws) have been duly paid or appropriate arrangements have been made for payment.
(2)
The holder of any transport service licence must, whenever required to do so by the Director, present for inspection any transport service vehicle used in the service.
(2A)
The driver of a small passenger service vehicle must, whenever required to do so by the Director, present the vehicle for inspection.
(3)
No evidence of vehicle inspection may be issued in respect of a transport service vehicle unless the person issuing the evidence of vehicle inspection has been notified of the transport service licence number under which the vehicle is being operated.
(4)
No person may use a transport service vehicle if that vehicle has suffered serious damage until the vehicle has been inspected and passed as being safe by a person authorised by the Director, or the owner of the vehicle has been informed by such a person that the vehicle is not to be inspected.
(5)
Nothing in subsection (1), (3), or (4) applies to a vehicle used in a small passenger service.
(6)
Nothing in this section applies to—
(a)
the facilitator of a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement; or
(b)
a vehicle used in a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement; or
(c)
a vehicle designed or adapted to carry 12 or fewer persons (including the driver) provided by one of the passengers being carried.
Section 30A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30A(1)(a): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 30A(1)(a): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 62(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30A(1)(b): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 30A(1)(b): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 62(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30A(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 39 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30A(2): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 62(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30A(2A): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 62(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30A(2A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 39 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30A(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 39 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30A(5): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 62(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30A(6): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 62(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30B Provision of identification information in Braille
[Repealed]Section 30B: repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 63 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Subpart 2—Fit and proper person test
Subpart 2: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Assessment criteria
Heading: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30C General safety criteria
(1)
When assessing whether or not a person is a fit and proper person in relation to any transport service, the Director must consider, in particular, any matter that the Director considers should be taken into account—
(a)
in the interests of public safety; or
(b)
to ensure that the public is protected from serious or organised criminal activity.
(2)
For the purpose of determining whether or not a person is a fit and proper person for any of the purposes of this Part, the Director may consider, and may give any relative weight that the Director thinks fit having regard to the degree and nature of the person’s involvement in any transport service, to the following matters:
(a)
the person’s criminal history (if any):
(b)
any offending by the person in respect of transport-related offences (including any infringement offences):
(c)
any history of serious behavioural problems:
(d)
any complaints made in relation to any transport service provided or operated by the person or in which the person is involved, particularly complaints made by users of the service:
(e)
any history of persistent failure to pay fines incurred by the person in respect of transport-related offences:
(f)
any other matter that the Director considers it is appropriate in the public interest to take into account.
(3)
In determining whether or not a person is a fit and proper person for any of the purposes of this Part, the Director may consider—
(a)
any conviction for an offence, whether or not—
(i)
the conviction was in a New Zealand court; or
(ii)
the offence was committed before the commencement of this Part or corresponding former enactment; or
(iii)
the person incurred demerit points under this Act or a corresponding former enactment in respect of the conviction; and
(b)
the fact that the person has been charged with any offence that is of such a nature that the public interest would seem to require that a person convicted of committing such an offence not be considered to be fit and proper for the purposes of this section.
(4)
Despite subsection (3), the Director may take into account any other matters and evidence as the Director considers relevant.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(1), (2)(d), (3)
Section 30C: inserted, on 1 October 2007 (with effect on 21 March 2006 for the purposes of section 29B(2)(b)(v)), by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30C(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 40(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30C(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 40(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30C(2)(f): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 40(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30C(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 40(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30C(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 40(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30D Additional criteria for small passenger service and vehicle recovery service
Without in any way limiting the matters that the Director may consider under section 30C(2), when the Director is assessing whether or not a person is a fit and proper person in relation to any small passenger service, or to any vehicle recovery service, the Director must consider, in particular,—
(a)
any history of serious behavioural problems:
(b)
any offending in respect of offences of violence, sexual offences, drugs offences, arms offences, or offences involving organised criminal activities:
(c)
any offending in respect of major transport-related offences, particularly offences relating to safety or to road user charges:
(d)
any persistent offending of any kind:
(e)
any complaints in respect of the person or any transport service operated by the person that are of a persistent or serious nature.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(2)(a)
Section 30D: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30D heading: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 64(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30D: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 41 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30D: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 64(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30E Additional criteria for large passenger service
Without in any way limiting the matters that the Director may have regard to under section 30C(2), when the Director is assessing whether or not a person is a fit and proper person in relation to any large passenger service, the Director must consider, in particular,—
(a)
any history of serious behavioural problems that indicate a propensity for violence:
(b)
any offending in respect of offences of violence or sexual offences:
(c)
any offending in respect of major transport-related offences, particularly offences relating to safety or to road user charges.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(2)(b)
Section 30E: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30E heading: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 65(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30E: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 42 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30E: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 65(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30F Additional criteria for goods service
Without in any way limiting the matters that the Director may have regard to under section 30C(2), when the Director is assessing whether or not a person is a fit and proper person in relation to any goods service, the Director must consider, in particular,—
(a)
any criminal activity conducted in the course of any transport service or transport-related business or employment:
(b)
any offending in respect of major transport-related offences, particularly offences relating to safety or to road user charges.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(2)(c)
Section 30F: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30F: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 43 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Information requirements
Heading: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30G Director may require information for fit and proper person assessment
The Director may, for the purpose of determining whether or not a person is a fit and proper person for any of the purposes of this Act,—
(a)
seek and receive any information that the Director thinks fit; and
(b)
consider information obtained from any source.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(4)
Section 30G: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30G heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 44(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30G: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 44(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30G(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 44(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30H Director’s duties concerning prejudicial information
If the Director proposes to take into account any information that is or may be prejudicial to the person, the Director must, subject to section 30I(1) and to subpart 5, disclose that information to the person and, in accordance with subpart 5, give the person a reasonable opportunity to refute or comment on it.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(5)
Section 30H: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30H heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 45(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30H: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 45(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30I Non-disclosure by Director of information for safety reasons
(1)
Nothing in section 30H requires the Director to disclose any information the disclosure of which would be likely to endanger the safety of any person.
(2)
If the Director determines not to disclose any information in reliance on subsection (1), the Director must inform the person of the fact of non-disclosure and,—
(a)
in the case of non-disclosure to an individual of information about the individual,—
(i)
inform the individual that he or she may, under the Privacy Act 2020, complain to the Privacy Commissioner about that non-disclosure; and
(ii)
the provisions of that Act apply to that non-disclosure as if, following a request under that Act for the information withheld, the information has been withheld in reliance on section 49(1)(a)(i) of that Act; and
(b)
in any other case,—
(i)
inform the person that the person may seek a review by an Ombudsman of that non-disclosure under the Official Information Act 1982; and
(ii)
the provisions of that Act apply to that non-disclosure as if, following a request under that Act for the information withheld, the information had been withheld in reliance on section 6(d) of that Act.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 24(6), (7)
Section 30I: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30I heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 46(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30I(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 46(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30I(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 46(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30I(2)(a)(i): amended, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
Section 30I(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
Subpart 3—Licensing of transport services
Subpart 3: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30J Transport service operators must be licensed
A transport service operator may not carry on (or, in relation to a small passenger service operator, facilitate) any of the following transport services unless licensed to do so:
(a)
a goods service:
(b)
a large passenger service:
(c)
a rental service:
(d)
a small passenger service:
(e)
a vehicle recovery service.
Section 30J: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 66 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30K Application for transport service licence
(1)
Every application for a transport service licence must be—
(a)
made in accordance with the regulations and the rules; and
(b)
accompanied by the fee (if any) required by the regulations.
(2)
A person may not hold or apply for a transport service licence while he or she is disqualified under this Act or any other Act from holding or obtaining a transport service licence.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 6
Section 30K: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30L Grant of licence
(1)
After considering an application for a transport service licence, the Director may grant the licence only if the Director is satisfied that—
(a)
the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold a transport service licence; and
(b)
any person who is to have, or is likely to have, control of the transport service is a fit and proper person to have such control; and
(c)
any representative meeting the requirements of subsection (1A)(b) is a fit and proper person to be a representative; and
(d)
the applicant or any person who is to have control of the transport service is the holder of the appropriate certificate (if any) required by the regulations or the rules; and
(e)
all relevant requirements of this Act, the regulations, and the rules have been complied with.
(1A)
The Director may grant a small passenger service licence only if the Director is satisfied that—
(a)
a person who is to have control of the small passenger service in New Zealand lives in New Zealand; or
(b)
the small passenger service operator has a representative who lives in New Zealand.
(2)
In determining whether or not a person is a fit and proper person in relation to any transport service, the Director must consider the matters specified in subpart 2.
(3)
Subpart 5 applies to a decision not to grant a transport service licence.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 8(1), (2)
Section 30L: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30L(1): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 67(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30L(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 47(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30L(1A): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 67(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30L(1A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 47(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30L(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 47(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30L(2): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 67(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30M Conditions of goods service licence
Despite section 30L(1) and (2), the Director may grant the licence on such conditions as the Director may specify on the licence or in writing to the holder if the applicant applies for a goods service licence and the Director—
(a)
is not satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to operate a goods service under the licence sought; but
(b)
is satisfied that—
(i)
the applicant is a fit and proper person to operate a goods service under a licence to carry the applicant’s own goods, if specified conditions are imposed; and
(ii)
the grant of such a licence is not contrary to the public interest.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 8(3)
Section 30M: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30M heading: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 68 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30M: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 48 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30N Transfer, assignment, or lease of transport service licence prohibited
(1)
A transport service licence may not be transferred, leased, or assigned to any person.
(2)
Nothing in subsection (1) prevents the carrying on of a transport service under a transport service licence that was previously held by a deceased person or a person permanently mentally incapacitated, for a period not exceeding 6 months following the death or incapacitation of the person,—
(a)
by the personal representative of the deceased or incapacitated person; or
(b)
by any other person under an arrangement with the personal representative.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 26(1), (2)
Section 30N: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30O Term of transport service licence
(1)
A transport service licence takes effect on the day it is granted and continues in force until it is—
(a)
surrendered under subsection (2); or
(b)
deemed to be surrendered under subsection (3); or
(c)
revoked under section 30S.
(2)
The holder of a transport service licence may surrender the transport service licence at any time by written notice to the Agency or the Director.
(3)
If no vehicle has been operated under a transport service licence for a period of 2 years, the licence is deemed to have been surrendered.
(4)
No transport service licence for a transport service operated by any of the following may be suspended or revoked for any reason:
(a)
the New Zealand Defence Force; or
(b)
Fire and Emergency New Zealand; or
(c)
the Police; or
(d)
any emergency service organisation approved by the Director for the purposes of this section.
Compare: 1989 No 74 ss 3(2), 27, 28
Section 30O: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30O(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 49(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30O(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30O(4)(a): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 50 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30O(4)(b): replaced, on 1 July 2017, by section 197 of the Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017 (2017 No 17).
Section 30O(4)(d): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 49(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30P Driver must have or drive under transport service licence
A transport service driver must, when using a vehicle in a transport service,—
(a)
have the relevant transport service licence; or
(b)
drive on behalf of the holder of the relevant transport service licence; or
(c)
have been facilitated to connect with passengers by a facilitator who holds a small passenger service licence.
Section 30P: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 69 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30Q Records to be kept by facilitator of facilitated cost-sharing arrangement
(1)
A facilitator of a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement must keep—
(a)
all records of payments to the driver; and
(b)
all records of payments made by passengers to the facilitator; and
(c)
a record of the distance travelled on each trip.
(2)
The person who keeps the records required under subsection (1) must—
(a)
keep each record for 12 months from the date it is made; and
(b)
make all records referred to in subsection (1) in the possession or control of that person available for immediate inspection on demand at any reasonable time by the Director.
(3)
The Director may make copies of records made available under subsection (2)(b).
Section 30Q: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 69 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30Q(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30Q(3): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 50(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30R Agency may revoke approval
[Repealed]Section 30R: repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 69 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Subpart 4—Revocation of transport service licences
Subpart 4: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30S When Director may revoke transport service licence
(1)
The Director may revoke a transport service licence if the Director is satisfied that—
(a)
the holder of the transport service licence is not a fit and proper person to be the holder of a transport service licence; or
(b)
any person who has control of the transport service is not a fit and proper person to have control of the service; or
(c)
any representative who lives in New Zealand is not a fit and proper person to be a representative; or
(d)
any driver is not a fit and proper person.
(1A)
Subsection (1)(c) does not apply in relation to drivers who are facilitated to connect with passengers under a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement.
(2)
Subpart 5 applies to a decision to revoke a transport service licence.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 11(1)
Section 30S: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30S heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 51(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30S(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 51(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30S(1)(b): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 70(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30S(1)(c): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 70(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30S(1)(d): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 70(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30S(1A): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 70(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30T Procedure Director must follow before revoking transport service licence
If the proposed revocation of a licence under section 30S is on the ground that a person other than the licence holder is not a fit and proper person,—
(a)
the notice required to be given to the licence holder by section 30W must specify the steps that the Director will require to be taken if the licence is not to be revoked, which steps may include a requirement that the person concerned cease all involvement in the service within a specified period; and
(b)
the licence must not be revoked where the licence holder complies with any such requirements of the Director.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 11(2), (3)
Section 30T: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30T heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 52(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30T: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 71 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30T(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 52(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30T(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 52(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30U Suspension of transport service licence or imposition of conditions
(1)
The Director may suspend or impose conditions on a licence if—
(a)
the holder of a transport service licence, or any person who has control of the service, does not hold a certificate required by the regulations or the rules; or
(b)
the holder of a transport service licence, or any person who has control of the service, does not comply with the applicable requirements in this Part, Part 4B, the regulations, or the rules; or
(c)
the holder of a small passenger service licence does not have—
(i)
a person with control of the service in New Zealand who lives in New Zealand; or
(ii)
a representative who lives in New Zealand.
(2)
A suspension ceases immediately when the Director is satisfied that subsection (1)(a), (b), or (c) no longer applies.
(2A)
Any conditions imposed are immediately removed when the Director is satisfied that subsection (1)(a), (b), or (c) no longer applies.
(3)
Subpart 5 applies to a decision to suspend a transport service licence.
(4)
Subpart 5 applies to a decision to impose conditions on a transport service licence as if the licence had been suspended and with any necessary modifications.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 18(4), (5)
Section 30U: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30U heading: amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 53(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(1): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 72 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30U(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(1): amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 53(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(1)(b): amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 53(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(2): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 72 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30U(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(2A): inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 53(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(2A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30U(4): inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 53(5) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Subpart 5—Adverse decisions
Subpart 5: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30V Interpretation
In sections 30W to 30Y, unless the context otherwise requires,—
adverse decision means any decision of the Director—
(a)
that a person is not a fit and proper person under subpart 2; or
(b)
to refuse to grant a transport service licence under section 30L; or
(c)
to grant a licence on conditions under section 30M; or
(d)
to revoke a transport service licence under section 30S; or
(e)
to suspend or impose conditions on a transport service licence under section 30U; or
(f)
to disqualify—
(i)
a transport service driver under section 87A; or
(ii)
a transport service licence holder or person in control of a transport service under section 87B
affected licence holder, in relation to any person directly affected by an adverse decision, means the holder of or the applicant for the transport service licence for the transport service in which that person has or is to have control, whether as a driver or otherwise
person directly affected, in relation to any adverse decision, means the person who would be entitled under section 106 to appeal against that adverse decision
person on the basis of whose character the adverse decision arises, in relation to any adverse decision made or proposed to be made on the ground that any person is not a fit and proper person for the purposes of the relevant service, licence, or other matter to which the decision relates, means the person whom the Director assesses as not being a fit and proper person.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 25(1)
Section 30V: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30V adverse decision: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 73(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30V adverse decision: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30V adverse decision paragraph (e): amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 54 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30V affected licence holder: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 73(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30V person on the basis of whose character the adverse decision arises: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30W Director to notify proposal to make adverse decision
(1)
If the Director proposes to make an adverse decision under this Part in respect of any person, the Director must, by notice in writing,—
(a)
notify the person directly affected of the proposed decision; and
(b)
subject to subsection (3), inform that person of the grounds for the proposed decision; and
(c)
specify a date by which submissions may be made to the Director in respect of the proposed decision (which date must not be less than 21 days after the date on which the notice is given); and
(d)
if appropriate, specify the date on which the proposed decision will, unless the Director otherwise determines, take effect, being a date not earlier than 28 days after the date the notice is given; and
(e)
notify the person of the person’s right of appeal under section 106, in the event of the Director proceeding with the proposed decision; and
(f)
specify such other matters as in any particular case may be required by this Act or any other Act.
(2)
If the Director gives a notice under subsection (1), the Director—
(a)
must also supply a copy of the notice to—
(i)
any person on the basis of whose character the adverse decision arises, where that person is not the person directly affected:
(ii)
any affected licence holder, if the Director considers that the proposed adverse decision is likely to have a significant impact on the operations of that licence holder:
(b)
may supply a copy of the notice to any other affected licence holder.
(3)
No notice or copy of a notice given under this section may include or be accompanied by any information referred to in section 30H except to the extent that—
(a)
the notice or copy is supplied to the person to whom the information relates; or
(b)
that person consents to the supply of that information to any other person.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 25(2)–(4)
Section 30W: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30W heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30W(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30W(1)(c): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30W(1)(d): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30W(1)(e): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30W(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30W(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 55(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30X Procedure for consideration of information
If any notice or copy of a notice is given to any person under section 30W,—
(a)
it is the responsibility of the person to ensure that all information that the person wishes to have considered by the Director in relation to the proposed adverse decision is received by the Director within the period specified in the notice under section 30W(1)(c), or within any further period that the Director may allow in any case:
(b)
the Director may, but is not obliged to, consider any information supplied by the person after the expiry of the period referred to in paragraph (a), other than information requested by the Director and supplied by the person within such reasonable time as the Director may specify:
(c)
the Director must consider any submissions made in accordance with paragraph (a), and any information supplied pursuant to a request referred to in paragraph (b), but is not obliged to hear any person on the matter.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 25(5)
Section 30X: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30X(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 56(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30X(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 56(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30X(c): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 56(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30Y Director’s determination
After considering the matters referred to in section 30X(c), the Director must—
(a)
finally determine whether or not to make the proposed adverse decision; and
(b)
as soon as practicable thereafter, notify in writing to the person directly affected, and any other person of a kind referred to in section 30W(2)(a), of—
(i)
the Director’s decision; and
(ii)
if appropriate, the date on which the decision will take effect; and
(iii)
if appropriate, the right of appeal under section 106.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 25(6)
Section 30Y: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30Y heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 57(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30Y: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 57(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30Y(b)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 57(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Part 4B Work time and logbooks
Part 4B: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30Z Application of Part
Nothing in this Part applies in relation to—
(a)
a vehicle used in a facilitated cost-sharing arrangement; or
(b)
any rail service vehicle.
Section 30Z: replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 74 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30ZA Director may grant exemptions or approve alternative fatigue management schemes
(1)
If the Director takes into account the criteria specified in section 168D(3), the Director may, upon any conditions that the Director considers appropriate,—
(a)
with respect to subpart 1, grant written variations to work time requirements specified in subpart 1 or the rules:
(b)
with respect to subpart 2, grant partial or total written exemptions from some or all of the requirements to maintain logbooks:
(c)
approve, in accordance with the rules, an alternative fatigue management scheme that varies the work time restrictions or rest time requirements of any rule for specified drivers covered by the relevant transport service licence.
(2)
A variation or exemption granted, or an approval given under subsection (1), in relation to work time or logbooks may be amended or revoked at any time by the Director in writing.
(3)
The Director may revoke, by notice in writing, any exemption from logbook use granted under the rules if the Director has reason to believe that the person has breached the rules or any conditions imposed under subsection (1).
(4)
Before approving an alternative fatigue management scheme under subsection (1)(c), the Director must be satisfied that the applicant has consulted any representatives of the drivers covered by the relevant transport licence (including, but not limited to, unions).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70B(4), (5)
Section 30ZA: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30ZA heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 58(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30ZA(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 5 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 30ZA(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 58(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30ZA(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 30ZA(1)(c): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 16 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 30ZA(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 58(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30ZA(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 58(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30ZA(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 58(5) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Subpart 1—Work time
Subpart 1: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30ZB Application of subpart
(1)
This subpart applies if, in a cumulative work period, a driver drives a vehicle that—
(a)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(b)
is used in—
(i)
a transport service (other than a rental service); or
(ii)
circumstances in which that vehicle must, or ought to, be operated under a transport service licence; or
(c)
is used to carry goods for hire or reward.
(2)
Subsection (1) applies whether or not the vehicle is—
(a)
engaged in any transport service; or
(b)
carrying any load or passengers.
(3)
Subsection (1) does not apply to the driver of a goods service vehicle that—
(a)
requires a class 2 licence (as specified in the rules); and
(b)
is used within a 50 km radius of the vehicle’s normal base of operation; and
(c)
is not used for hire or reward.
(4)
This section is subject to section 30Z.
Section 30ZB: substituted, on 7 August 2011, by section 17 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 30ZB(4): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 75 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30ZC Limits on work time
(1)
A driver subject to this subpart—
(a)
may not exceed the work time restrictions specified in this section, the rules, or any variation granted under section 30ZA; and
(b)
must comply with the rest time requirements specified in this section, the rules, or any variation granted under section 30ZA.
(2)
In any cumulative work day, a driver—
(a)
may not exceed 13 hours of work time; and
(b)
must have at least 10 hours of continuous rest time.
(3)
In any cumulative work period, a driver may not exceed 70 hours of work time.
(4)
To avoid doubt, the rules may extend the limits for a cumulative work day or period for a specified activity or service.
(5)
This section does not apply to a driver of an ambulance service or a fire brigade who is proceeding to or returning from an incident attended in response to a priority call specified in the rules.
Section 30ZC: substituted, on 7 August 2011, by section 17 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 30ZC(5): amended, on 1 July 2017, by section 197 of the Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017 (2017 No 17).
30ZD Records must be kept
(1AA)
Subsection (1) applies to—
(a)
a person who employs a person to drive a vehicle referred to in section 30ZB; and
(b)
a self-employed driver who drives a vehicle referred to in section 30ZB; and
(c)
a facilitator who facilitates a driver who drives a vehicle referred to in section 30ZB to connect with passengers.
(1)
A person to whom this section applies must keep all—
(a)
time records, records of payments to the driver, and employment or contractual records relating to the driver; and
(b)
accommodation records and receipts for the driver that are relevant to the driver’s transport service or transport service vehicle; and
(c)
fuel records and receipts for the relevant transport service vehicles.
(2)
The person who keeps the records required under subsection (1) must—
(a)
keep each record for 12 months from the date it is made; and
(b)
make all relevant records referred to in subsection (1) in the possession or control of that person available for immediate inspection on demand at any reasonable time by an enforcement officer.
(3)
Every enforcement officer to whom records are made available for inspection under subsection (2)(b) is entitled to make copies of those records.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70B(6), (6A)
Section 30ZD: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30ZD(1AA): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 76(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30ZD(1): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 76(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30ZD(2)(b): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Subpart 2—Logbooks
Subpart 2: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30ZE Application of subpart
(1)
This subpart applies if, in a cumulative work period,—
(a)
a driver drives a vehicle that requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(b)
a driver drives a vehicle that is used in—
(i)
a transport service (other than a rental service); or
(ii)
circumstances in which the vehicle must, or ought to, be operated under a transport service licence; or
(c)
a driver drives a vehicle that is used to carry goods for hire or reward if that vehicle is a heavy motor vehicle.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), this subpart—
(a)
applies whether or not the vehicle is—
(i)
engaged in any transport service; or
(ii)
carrying any load or passengers; but
(b)
does not apply to a driver of a goods service vehicle that—
(i)
requires a class 1 or class 2 licence (as specified in the rules); and
(ii)
is used within a 50 km radius of the vehicle’s normal base of operation; and
(iii)
is not used for hire or reward.
(3)
This section is subject to section 30Z.
Section 30ZE: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30ZE(3): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 77 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
30ZF Drivers must maintain logbooks
Unless exempted under section 30ZA(1), the regulations, or the rules, a driver must maintain a logbook in the—
(a)
manner prescribed by the rules; and
(b)
form approved by the Agency in accordance with the rules.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70C(1)
Section 30ZF: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30ZF(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
30ZG Director may approve or revoke alternative means of recording matters
The Director may, in accordance with the rules, approve or revoke an alternative means of recording matters relevant to the monitoring of work time.
Section 30ZG: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30ZG heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 59(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 30ZG: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 59(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
30ZH Duties regarding logbooks
(1)
A driver must—
(a)
retain a logbook required to be maintained by that driver under section 30ZF for a period of 12 months after the date of the last entry in that logbook; and
(b)
in the case of a driver who is an employee, or who is driving on behalf of a transport service operator, or who is facilitated to connect with passengers by a small passenger service operator, deliver a copy of each completed logbook record to the driver’s employer or transport service operator within 14 days after completing that record, and the employer or transport service operator must retain the copy of each logbook record for a period of 12 months from the date of the record.
(1A)
Despite anything in subsection (1), if the logbook only contains entries for a light RUC vehicle (as defined in section 5(1) of the Road User Charges Act 2012), the driver must retain the logbook only for a period of 12 months.
(2)
A driver must—
(a)
carry a logbook with him or her at all times when driving a vehicle to which section 30ZE applies; and
(b)
produce, on demand by any enforcement officer and without delay, any logbook that—
(i)
the driver is required to maintain; and
(ii)
relates to—
(A)
the day of the driver’s last rest time of at least 24 hours; and
(B)
all the days since that rest time.
(3)
If the form of the logbook required to be maintained under section 30ZF includes an identical copy made simultaneously with the original of that logbook, and the logbook has been produced to an enforcement officer, that enforcement officer is entitled, on demand,—
(a)
to remove that identical copy; or
(b)
if that identical copy has previously been removed or is illegible, to make a copy of that logbook.
(4)
A person who is required to retain a logbook or a copy of a logbook under subsection (1) must make it and all relevant time records, records of payments to the driver, and employment or contractual records relating to the driver available for immediate inspection on demand by an enforcement officer at any reasonable time during the period for which it is required to be retained.
(5)
A person to whom a logbook or a copy of a logbook or records are required to be made available for inspection under subsection (4) is entitled to make a copy of that logbook or that copy or those records.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70C(5)–(7A)
Section 30ZH: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 30ZH(1)(a): amended, on 17 December 2016, by section 59 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 104).
Section 30ZH(1)(b): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 78(1)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30ZH(1)(b): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 78(1)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30ZH(1)(b): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 78(1)(c) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 30ZH(1)(b): amended, on 17 December 2016, by section 59 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 104).
Section 30ZH(1A): inserted, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 30ZH(2)(a): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 66).
Section 30ZH(4): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 78(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Subpart 3—Evidence in proceedings
Subpart 3: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
30ZI Evidence in proceedings for offences against subpart 1 or subpart 2
(1)
In proceedings for an offence against subpart 1 or subpart 2, the following is sufficient evidence of the contents of a log-book, unless the contrary is proved by production to the court of the logbook or of an identical copy of the logbook made simultaneously with the original logbook,—
(a)
evidence given by an enforcement officer authorised to demand the production of logbooks under section 30ZH(2)(b), or by any person who had that status at the time when the alleged offence was committed, as to the contents of any logbook as seen and recorded by that person at the time it was produced; and
(b)
an identical copy of any logbook removed, or a copy of any logbook made, by an enforcement officer in accordance with section 30ZH(3) or section 30ZH(4).
(2)
In any proceedings in respect of an offence against subpart 1 it is presumed, until the contrary is proved, that the contents of any logbook produced to an enforcement officer authorised to demand production of the logbook or removed by an enforcement officer from an accident scene where the driver is incapacitated are an accurate statement of the truth of the matter required to be recorded in the logbook by section 30ZF.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70D(8), (9)
Section 30ZI: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Part 5 Offences relating to driving (other than alcohol- and drug-related offences) and penalties
Part 5 heading: amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Offences relating to driver licensing
31 Contravention of section 5(1)(a) or (b) or (4) or 30(2), (3), (3A), (4A), or (4B)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
drives a motor vehicle on a road—
(i)
with an expired driver licence; or
(ii)
without an appropriate driver licence; or
(b)
drives a motor vehicle contrary to the conditions of his or her driver licence; or
(c)
is the driver of a motor vehicle and fails to produce his or her driver licence for inspection without delay after being required to do so by an enforcement officer; or
(d)
fails to surrender or return his or her driver licence to—
(i)
the Agency, a person appointed by the Agency, a court, a constable, or an enforcement officer when required to do so by section 30(2), (3), (3A), or (4A):
(ii)
an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice, or an enforcement officer, when required to do so by section 30(4B)(b).
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $1,000.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 37(3), (4)
Section 31 heading: amended, on 14 November 2018, by section 148(1) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 31(1)(a): substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 31(1)(d): replaced, on 14 November 2018, by section 148(2) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
32 Contravention of section 5(1)(c)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person drives a motor vehicle on a road—
(a)
while disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence; or
(b)
contrary to an alcohol interlock licence, a zero alcohol licence, or a limited licence; or
(c)
while his or her driver licence is suspended or revoked.
(2)
Nothing in subsection (1) applies to any person—
(a)
who has been ordered by a court to attend an approved driving improvement course under section 92(1) or a programme approved by the Director under section 99A or to undergo any test or examination approved by the Director; and
(b)
who, in the course of his or her attendance at that course or programme or while undergoing such a test or examination,—
(i)
in the case of a motorcyclist, drives under the supervision of a person who holds a driving instructor or testing officer endorsement under Part 5 of the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 that is relevant to a class of licence for a motorcycle:
(ii)
in any other case, drives while accompanied by a person who holds a driving instructor or testing officer endorsement under Part 5 of the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999.
(3)
If a person is convicted of a first or second offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(3A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(4)
If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offence against subsection (1) (whether or not of the same kind of offence as the previous offences),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $6,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(4A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (4)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(5)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offence against a provision of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 or the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence specified in subsection (1) is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in that subsection.
(6)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(2B), (4), 35(1), (1A)
Section 32(1)(b): amended, on 10 September 2012, by section 18(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 32(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 60 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 32(2)(a): amended, on 10 September 2012, by section 18(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 32(2)(a): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 21(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 32(2)(b): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 32(2)(b)(i): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 32(2)(b)(ii): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 32(3A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 6(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 32(4): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 32(4A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 6(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 32(6): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 6(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
33 Contravention of section 5(2) or (3)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person holds or applies for a driver licence while disqualified from doing so or while his or her driver licence is suspended.
(1A)
Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to—
(a)
an application for an alcohol interlock licence made in accordance with an alcohol interlock sentence; or
(b)
an application for a zero alcohol licence made in accordance with section 65B.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(3)(a), 34, 50
Section 33(1A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 7(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 33(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 7(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 33(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 7(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
33A Offence to operate as driving instructor without authorisation
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person provides, or offers or agrees to provide, driving instruction in a motor vehicle for financial or commercial gain without an appropriate current driver licence authorising the person to operate as a driving instructor.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $1,000.
Section 33A: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 22 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Offences relating to driving (other than offences involving alcohol or drugs)
Heading: amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
34 Contravention of section 6
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
operates an unsafe motor vehicle on a road; or
(b)
operates a vehicle on a road without displaying current evidence of vehicle inspection or a certificate of loading or both (as may be required by the regulations or the rules); or
(c)
fails to comply with the provisions of the regulations or the rules concerning evidence of vehicle inspection, certificates of loading, or the operation of a vehicle that is required to have such evidence or certificate or both.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 79(8), 79B(6); SR 1976/227 rr 80, 85
35 Contravention of section 7, or section 22 where no injury or death involved
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
operates a motor vehicle recklessly on a road; or
(b)
drives or causes a motor vehicle to be driven on a road at a speed or in a manner which, having regard to all the circumstances, is or might be dangerous to the public or to a person; or
(c)
without reasonable excuse, contravenes section 22 by failing to stop and ascertain whether any person has been injured, after an accident where no other person has been injured or killed.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(3)(d), 57, 65(5)
Section 35(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 8(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 35(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
36 Contravention of section 7 or section 22 involving injury
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
drives or causes to be driven a motor vehicle recklessly and by that act or omission causes an injury to another person; or
(b)
drives or causes a motor vehicle to be driven at a speed or in a manner which, having regard to all the circumstances, is or might be dangerous to the public or to a person and by that act or omission causes an injury to another person; or
(c)
without reasonable excuse, contravenes section 22 by failing to stop and ascertain whether any person has been injured, and render assistance, after an accident where a person has been injured or killed.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(1), (2A)(b), (d), 55(1), 65(4)
Section 36 heading: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 19(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 36(1): substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 23 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 36(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 36(1)(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 19(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 36(1)(b): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 19(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 36(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 9(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 36(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
36AA Contravention of section 7 by causing death of another person
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
drives or causes to be driven a motor vehicle recklessly and by that act or omission causes the death of another person; or
(b)
drives or causes a motor vehicle to be driven at a speed or in a manner that, having regard to all the circumstances, is or might be dangerous to the public or to a person and, by that act or omission, causes the death of another person.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Section 36AA: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 20 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 36AA(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 36AA(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 36AA(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
36A Contravention of section 22A
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
operates a motor vehicle in a race, or in an unnecessary exhibition of speed or acceleration, on a road in contravention of section 22A(1); or
(b)
without reasonable excuse, intentionally pours onto, places on, or allows to spill onto a road—
(i)
any petrol, oil, or diesel fuel; or
(ii)
any other substance likely to cause a vehicle to undergo loss of traction; or
(c)
without reasonable excuse, operates a motor vehicle on a road in a manner that causes the vehicle to undergo sustained loss of traction in contravention of section 22A(3).
(2)
A person who commits an offence against subsection (1)(a) or (c) and by that act or omission causes an injury to another person—
(a)
is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(3)
A person who commits an offence against subsection (1)(a) or (c) and by the act or omission causes the death of another person—
(a)
is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(3A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(4)
A person who commits an offence against subsection (1)(a) or (c) but does not, by that act or omission, cause injury to, or the death of, another person is liable on conviction to the penalties set out in section 35(2), and section 35(2), (2A), and (3) apply as if the offence were an offence against section 35(1)(a) (operating a motor vehicle recklessly on a road).
(5)
A person who commits an offence against subsection (1)(b) is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $3,000.
(6)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Section 36A: inserted, on 2 May 2003, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 36A(2): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 36A(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 36A(3): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 36A(3A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 36A(4): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 11(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 36A(4): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 36A(5): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 36A(6): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 11(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
36AB Contravention of sections 7 and 114
[Repealed]Section 36AB: repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
36B Contravention of section 22B or section 22C
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
uses a traction engine without an appropriate qualification provided for in the regulations or the rules, for the purpose of qualifying the person to safely use the traction engine in a public place; or
(b)
uses a traction engine in a public place in a manner that, having regard to all the circumstances, is or might be dangerous to the public or to a person; or
(c)
uses a traction engine in a public place without displaying current evidence of vehicle inspection or any other certificate or both (as may be required by the regulations or the rules); or
(d)
fails to comply with the regulations or the rules concerning evidence of vehicle inspection or any other certificate required by the regulations or the rules, or concerning the use of a traction engine that is required to have such evidence or certificate or both.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $5,000.
(3)
For the purposes of this section, public place has the meaning set out in section 22B(3).
Section 36B: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 24 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
37 Contravention of section 8
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person operates a vehicle on a road carelessly or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is a fine not exceeding $3,000; and
(b)
the court may order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for such period as the court thinks fit.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(6), 60
38 Contravention of section 8 causing injury or death
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person operates a vehicle on a road carelessly or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road, and by that act or omission causes an injury to or the death of another person.
(1A)
A person commits an offence if—
(a)
the person drives a motor vehicle, or causes a motor vehicle to be driven, carelessly; and
(b)
by that act or omission, causes an injury to or the death of another person.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) or subsection (1A),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) or (1A) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(3)(b), 56(1)
Section 38(1A): inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 38(2): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 25(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 38(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 38(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 12(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
39 Aggravated careless use of vehicle causing injury or death
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person causes bodily injury to or the death of a person by carelessly using a motor vehicle while—
(a)
driving the motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the applicable speed limit; or
(b)
driving the motor vehicle in such a manner as to commit an offence against the regulations or the rules concerning the manner in which a driver may overtake another vehicle or concerning the part of the road on which a driver may drive his or her motor vehicle.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(2A)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(2), (2A), 56(1A)
Section 39(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 39(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 13(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 39(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 13(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Offences relating to rules
40 Contravention of ordinary rules
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person contravenes a provision of an ordinary rule and the contravention of that provision is for the time being prescribed as an offence by regulations made under section 167.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence referred to in subsection (1), the person is liable to the applicable penalty set out in the regulations.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 30
41 Contravention of emergency rules
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, acts in contravention of or fails to comply with an emergency rule.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum fine for an individual is $2,000:
(b)
the maximum fine for a body corporate is $10,000.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 30
Loading offences
42 Failure to secure load
(1)
A person operating a motor vehicle on a road, and any person loading that vehicle, commits an offence if the person fails to ensure that any load carried in or on the vehicle, or in or on a vehicle being towed by the vehicle driven by the operator, is secured and contained in such a manner that it cannot fall or escape from the vehicle.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum fine for an individual is $2,000 and the court may disqualify the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for such period as the court thinks fit:
(b)
the maximum fine for a body corporate is $10,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70(1)
Section 42(1): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
43 Overloading and over-dimension offences
(1)
A person operating a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles commits an infringement offence if the vehicle or combination of vehicles breaches any of the following:
(a)
the prescribed maximum mass limits for axles:
(b)
the prescribed maximum mass limits for axle sets:
(c)
the prescribed maximum mass limits for groups of axles:
(d)
the prescribed maximum gross mass limits for motor vehicles.
(2)
Separate offences are committed in respect of every axle, axle set, group of axles, and the total number of axles of a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles if the mass on that axle or those axles exceeds the relevant prescribed maximum gross mass limit or prescribed maximum mass limit.
(3)
A person operating a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles commits an infringement offence if the vehicle or combination of vehicles breaches the prescribed requirements in relation to dimensions.
(4)
A person operating a heavy motor vehicle or combination of vehicles commits an infringement offence if the vehicle or combination of vehicles exceeds the gross vehicle mass for that vehicle or vehicles.
(5)
If a person commits an infringement offence against this section, the person must pay the penalty prescribed by the regulations.
Section 43: replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 51 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
43A Courts may impose appropriate fines for infringement offences that are not overloading offences
A court may impose a fine for an infringement offence, other than an overloading offence, that is not more than the maximum fine prescribed for that offence, whether the fine imposed is more than, the same as, or less than the prescribed infringement fee for that offence.
Section 43A: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 27 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Other offences
44 Contravention of section 14
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person is required by or under this Act to give any specified information or gives a statutory declaration for any purpose under this Act, and, in response to that requirement, or in that declaration, gives information that the person knows to be false or misleading.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(3)
Nothing in this section affects section 111 of the Crimes Act 1961.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 41B(7)
45 Contravention of section 17
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, with intent to cause a false record of the distance travelled by a motor vehicle to be shown or recorded, makes or causes to be made any alteration to the distance recorder or to the vehicle.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 192B
46 Contravention of section 20
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse,—
(a)
conducts a traffic survey to which section 20 applies without the prior written consent of the Agency; or
(b)
fails to comply with any condition or direction given under section 20.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30, 193
Section 46(1)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
47 Contravention of section 22(2), (3), (4), or (5)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to provide the particulars specified under section 22(2) when required to do so under that section.
(2)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to report an accident involving an injury to or the death of a person, in accordance with section 22(3), when required to do so by that section.
(3)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to report damage to a motor vehicle or other property, in accordance with section 22(4) or (5), when required to do so by the applicable section.
(4)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) or subsection (2) or subsection (3) is a fine not exceeding $5,000.
Section 47: substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 28 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
48 Contravention of section 92(4)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to—
(a)
attend a driving improvement course or dangerous goods course in accordance with section 92(4), or neither attends nor pays the fee; or
(b)
complete a driving improvement course or dangerous goods course in accordance with section 92(4), or neither attends nor pays the fee; or
(c)
pay the fee for a driving improvement course or dangerous goods course in accordance with section 92(4).
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Section 48(1): replaced, on 10 September 2012, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
49 Contravention of section 97(5) or (6)
(1)
A person commits an offence if—
(a)
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $5,000.
Section 49(1)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 49(1)(a): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 49(1)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 49(1)(b): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
50 Contravention of section 117(2)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person fails or refuses to release immediately a motor vehicle to another person when required to do so by section 117(2).
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
51 Contravention of section 198(4)
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails or refuses to comply with a requirement made under section 198 in relation to an audit or inspection.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $5,000.
52 Contravening notices, requirements, etc, given or imposed by enforcement officers
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(aa)
[Repealed](a)
removes, obscures, or renders indistinguishable a notice affixed to a vehicle under section 115, unless new evidence of vehicle inspection has been obtained for the vehicle or (if the notice was given under section 96(1B)) the direction requiring the vehicle not to be driven on a road has been cancelled under section 102(3)(b) or section 110(3)(a)(ii) or, if section 115(2A) applies, the enforcement officer has been notified in writing that the vehicle complies with the regulations and the rules; or
(b)
drives a vehicle to which a notice under section 115 applies (other than when driving in compliance with a condition imposed under subsection (4) or subsection (5) of that section or under section 96(1D)) before new evidence of vehicle inspection has been obtained for, and is displayed on, the vehicle; or
(c)
fails or refuses to comply with any lawful requirement, direction, notice, request, or prohibition given to or imposed on him or her under this Act by an enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer (except for any described in section 52A); or
(d)
whether or not he or she is the person to whom the direction was given, knowingly drives a heavy motor vehicle on a road in breach of a direction given by an enforcement officer under section 128.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(3)
[Repealed](4)
[Repealed](5)
[Repealed](6)
A person commits an offence if the person, in response to any request for information by an enforcement officer under section 118 and without reasonable excuse,—
(a)
fails or refuses to provide information; or
(b)
provides false or misleading information.
(7)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (6) is a fine not exceeding $20,000.
(8)
If a person removes, obscures, or makes indistinguishable a warning notice attached to a motor vehicle while the notice is in effect, the person commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(5), (7), 70A(2)(b)
Section 52(1)(aa): repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 40(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52(1)(a): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 52(1)(a): amended, on 2 May 2003, by section 7(a) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 52(1)(b): amended, on 2 May 2003, by section 7(b) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 52(1)(c): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 40(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52(3): repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 40(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52(4): repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 40(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52(5): repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 40(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52(6): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 40(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52(7): added, on 1 December 2009, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 52(8): added, on 1 December 2009, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
52A Contravention of section 114
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
is the driver of a vehicle that fails to stop—
(i)
as soon as practicable when signalled or requested to stop under section 114(1); or
(ii)
when required to stop under section 114(2); or
(b)
is the driver of a vehicle that is stopped and fails to remain stopped in accordance with section 114(2A) or (3)(a); or
(c)
fails or refuses to provide information or provides false or misleading information in response to a demand for information made by an enforcement officer under section 114(3)(b).
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(3)
If a person is convicted of a first offence against subsection (1)(a) or (b) and committed the offence while exceeding the applicable speed limit or operating a motor vehicle in an otherwise dangerous manner, a court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months.
(4)
If a person is convicted of a second offence against subsection (1), a court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for a period of not less than 1 year and not more than 2 years.
(5)
If a person is convicted for a third or subsequent offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 2 years.
(6)
A disqualification ordered under subsection (3), (4), or (5) is cumulative on, and not concurrent with, any other disqualification that a court may order in respect of the facts that gave rise to the person’s conviction for an offence described in subsection (1).
(7)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then in relation to that alcohol interlock sentence—
(a)
section 65AH(3) does not apply; and
(b)
the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3), (4), or (5) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d).
(8)
Subsection (6) does not apply to offending that occurs after the facts that gave rise to the person’s conviction for an offence described in subsection (1).
Section 52A: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 41 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 52A(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
53 Obstruction of enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, obstructs or hinders, or incites any other person to obstruct or hinder, an enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer in the execution of his or her functions or powers under this Act.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 80(2)(a)
54 Personation of enforcement officer
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person (other than an enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer), without reasonable excuse, by words, conduct, or demeanour pretends to be an enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer, or puts on or assumes the dress, name, designation, or description of an enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(3)
Subsection (1) does not affect section 48 of the Policing Act 2008.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 192A
Section 54(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, by section 130(1) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
55 Tampering with vehicle surveillance equipment or point-to-point average speed system
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
tampers with approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system; or
(b)
interferes with—
(i)
approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system; or
(ii)
the operation of approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $5,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 42(2)
Section 55 heading: amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 8(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 55(1)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 55(1)(b)(i): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 55(1)(b)(ii): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
55A Offences concerning alcohol interlock devices
(1)
This section applies if a person tampers with, or attempts to tamper with, an alcohol interlock device, or uses an alcohol interlock device in contravention of an alcohol interlock sentence.
(2)
If this section applies,—
(a)
the person who holds the alcohol interlock licence to which the alcohol interlock device applies commits an offence; or
(b)
the person who tampered with, or attempted to tamper with, the alcohol interlock device or used the alcohol interlock device in contravention of an alcohol interlock sentence commits an offence.
(3)
It is a defence to proceedings for an offence against subsection (2)(a) if the person who holds an alcohol interlock licence establishes that the person—
(a)
did not tamper with, or attempt to tamper with, the alcohol interlock device or use the alcohol interlock device in contravention of an alcohol interlock sentence; and
(b)
was not involved in the commission of the offence against subsection (2)(b).
(4)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (2)(a) or (b) is a fine not exceeding $3,000.
Section 55A: inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 24 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 55A(1): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 14(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 55A(2)(b): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 14(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 55A(3)(a): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 14(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Part 6 Driving offences involving drink or drugs, and penalties and procedures
Subpart 1—Offences, defences, penalties, and blood test fee
Subpart 1 heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Offences and penalties
56 Contravention of specified breath or blood-alcohol limit
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, exceeds 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(1A)
A person commits an infringement offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath but does not exceed 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(2)
A person commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or section 73, exceeds 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2A)
A person commits an infringement offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72(1)(b) to (e) or 73, exceeds 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood but does not exceed 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2B)
A person commits an infringement offence if—
(a)
the person fails or refuses to undergo an evidential breath test after having been required to do so under section 69; and
(b)
analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72(1)(a) indicates that the person drove or attempted to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood exceeded 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood but did not exceed 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(3)
If a person is convicted of a first or second offence against subsection (1) or subsection (2),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(3A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(4)
If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offence against subsection (1) or (2) or any of sections 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 58(1), 60(1), or 61(1) or (2) (whether or not that offence is of the same kind as the person’s first or second offence against any of those provisions),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $6,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for more than 1 year.
(4A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (4)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(5)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offence against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence specified in subsection (4) is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in that subsection.
(6)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AB(2), 58(1)(a), (c)
Section 56(1A): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 56(2A): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 56(2B): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 56(3A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 15(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 56(4): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 56(4): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 9 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 56(4A): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 15(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 56(6): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 15(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
57 Contravention of specified breath or blood-alcohol limit by person younger than 20
(1)
A person younger than 20 commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, exceeds 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(1A)
A person younger than 20 commits an infringement offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, contains alcohol but the proportion of alcohol does not exceed 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(2)
A person younger than 20 commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or section 73, exceeds 30 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2A)
A person younger than 20 commits an infringement offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, contains alcohol but the proportion of alcohol does not exceed 30 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(3)
If a person commits an offence against subsection (1) or subsection (2),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $2,250; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 3 months or more.
(4)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(5)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AB(2A), 58(1)(f), (g)
Section 57(1A): inserted, on 7 August 2011, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 57(2A): inserted, on 7 August 2011, by section 25(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 57(4): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 16 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 57(5): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 16 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
57AA Contravention of specified breath or blood alcohol limit by holder of alcohol interlock licence or zero alcohol licence
(1)
A person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, contains alcohol but the proportion of alcohol does not exceed 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(2)
A person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, contains alcohol but the proportion of alcohol does not exceed 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(3)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) or (2),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $2,250; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 3 months or more.
(3A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(4)
A person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(5)
A person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, exceeds 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(6)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (4) or (5),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $6,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(7)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (6)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(8)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Section 57AA: inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 57AA(1): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 57AA(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, pursuant to section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 57AA(2): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 57AA(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, pursuant to section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 57AA(3A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 17(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 57AA(4): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 57AA(4): amended, on 1 July 2013, pursuant to section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 57AA(5): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 57AA(5): amended, on 1 July 2013, pursuant to section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 57AA(7): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 17(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 57AA(8): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 17(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
57A Driving offence: 1 qualifying drug
Offence: driving while blood contains evidence of use of 1 qualifying drug
(1)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an offence if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the person’s blood—
(a)
contains evidence of use of a listed qualifying drug and the blood concentration level of the drug exceeds the high-risk level for the drug; or
(b)
contains evidence of use of an unlisted qualifying drug and the blood specimen was taken after the person failed to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F.
Infringement offence: driving while blood contains evidence of use of 1 qualifying drug
(2)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the person’s blood—
(a)
contains evidence of use of 1 listed qualifying drug and the blood concentration level of the drug equals or is less than the high-risk level (if any) for the drug; or
(b)
contains evidence of use of 1 unlisted qualifying drug and the person was not required to undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F before the blood specimen was taken.
Infringement offence: driving while oral fluid contains evidence of use of 1 listed qualifying drug
(3)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if analysis carried out by an approved analyst indicates that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for 1 listed qualifying drug.
Section 57A: replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 57A heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 8(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57A(3) heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57A(3): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
57B Driving offence: 2 or more qualifying drugs
Offence: driving while blood contains evidence of use of 2 or more qualifying drugs
(1)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an offence if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the person’s blood contains evidence of use of 2 or more qualifying drugs and either or both of the following apply:
(a)
1 or more of the drugs are listed qualifying drugs and the blood concentration level for 1 or more listed qualifying drugs exceeds the applicable high-risk level:
(b)
1 or more of the drugs are unlisted qualifying drugs and the blood specimen was taken after the person failed to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F.
Infringement offence: driving while blood contains evidence of use of 2 or more qualifying drugs
(2)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the person’s blood—
(a)
contains evidence of use of 2 or more listed qualifying drugs and the blood concentration level of each listed qualifying drug equals or is less than the high-risk level for the drug; or
(b)
contains evidence of use of 2 or more unlisted qualifying drugs and the person was not required to undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F before the blood specimen was taken; or
(c)
contains evidence of use of 1 or more listed qualifying drugs and 1 or more unlisted qualifying drugs and—
(i)
the blood concentration level of each listed qualifying drug equals or is less than the high-risk level for the drug; and
(ii)
the person was not required to undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F before the blood specimen was taken.
Infringement offence: driving while oral fluid contains evidence of use of 2 or more listed qualifying drugs
(3)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if analysis carried out by an approved analyst indicates that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for 2 or more listed qualifying drugs.
Section 57B: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 57B heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 9(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57B(3) heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57B(3): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
57C Driving offence: alcohol and 1 qualifying drug
Offence: driving while blood contains alcohol and evidence of use of 1 qualifying drug
(1)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an offence if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the person’s blood contains alcohol and evidence of use of 1 qualifying drug and any or all of the following apply:
(a)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood—
(i)
exceeds 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(ii)
if the person is younger than 20, exceeds 30 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(iii)
if the person holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence, equals or is less than 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood:
(b)
the drug is a listed qualifying drug and the blood concentration level of the drug exceeds the high-risk level for the drug:
(c)
the drug is an unlisted qualifying drug and the blood specimen was taken after the person failed to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F.
Infringement offence: driving while blood contains alcohol and evidence of use of 1 qualifying drug
(2)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73,—
(a)
contains alcohol and the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood equals or is less than—
(i)
80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(ii)
if the person is younger than 20, 30 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; and
(b)
contains evidence of use of a qualifying drug and,—
(i)
if the drug is a listed qualifying drug, the blood concentration level of the drug equals or is less than the high-risk level (if any) for the drug; and
(ii)
if the drug is an unlisted qualifying drug, the person was not required to undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F before the blood specimen was taken.
Infringement offence: driving while blood contains alcohol and oral fluid contains evidence of use of 1 listed qualifying drug
(3)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if,—
(a)
as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the person’s blood contains alcohol but the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood equals or is less than—
(i)
80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(ii)
if the person is younger than 20, 30 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; and
(b)
analysis carried out by an approved analyst indicates that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for 1 listed qualifying drug.
(c)
[Repealed]Infringement offence: driving while breath contains alcohol and oral fluid contains evidence of use of 1 listed qualifying drug
(4)
A person who drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road commits an infringement offence if—
(a)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, equals or is less than—
(i)
400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(ii)
if the person is younger than 20, 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; and
(b)
analysis carried out by an approved analyst indicates that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for 1 listed qualifying drug.
(c)
[Repealed](5)
Subsections (2), (3), and (4) do not apply to a person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence (see section 57AA for offences relating to contravention of specified breath or blood alcohol limits by a holder of an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence).
Section 57C: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 57C heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57C(3) heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57C(3)(b): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57C(3)(c): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57C(4) heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57C(4)(b): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(6) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 57C(4)(c): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 10(7) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
57D Penalties for offences against sections 57A(1), 57B(1), and 57C(1)
(1)
If a person is convicted of a first or second offence against section 57A(1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified for 6 months or more from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(2)
If a person is convicted of a first or second offence against section 57B(1) or 57C(1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified for 9 months or more from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(3)
If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offence against any of sections 56(1), 56(2), 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 58(1), 60(1), 61(1), or 61(2) (whether or not that offence is of the same kind as the person’s first or second offence against any of those provisions),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $6,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified for more than 1 year from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(4)
If an offence against section 57A(1) or 57B(1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (1)(b), (2)(b), or (3)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(5)
Subsection (3)(b) does not apply if an order is made under section 65.
(6)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence specified in subsection (3) is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in that subsection.
(7)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Section 57D: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
58 Contravention of section 12
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person drives or attempts to drive a motor vehicle on a road while under the influence of drink or a drug, or both, to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle.
(1A)
[Repealed](2)
If a person is convicted of a first or second offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(2A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) does not apply to an offence against subsection (1)(a) that is a qualifying offence if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(2B)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(3)
If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offence against subsection (1) or any of sections 56(1), 56(2), 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 60(1), and 61(1) and (2) (whether or not that offence is of the same kind as the person’s first or second offence against any of those provisions),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $6,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for more than 1 year.
(3A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply to an offence against subsection (1)(a) that is a qualifying offence if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(3B)
If an offence against subsection (1) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply and section 65AH(3)(b) applies.
(4)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offence against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence specified in subsection (3) is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in that subsection.
(5)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58(1)(e)
Section 58(1): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 58(1A): repealed, on 11 March 2023, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 58(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 19(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 58(2B): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 19(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 58(3): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 58(3): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 58(3A): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 19(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 58(3B): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 19(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 58(5): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 19(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
59 Failure or refusal to remain at specified place or to accompany enforcement officer
Offence: failure or refusal to remain at specified place or to accompany enforcement officer
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
fails or refuses to remain at the place where the person underwent a breath screening test under section 68 until after the result of the test is ascertained; or
(b)
fails or refuses to accompany without delay an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under section 69, 71E, 71F, or 72; or
(c)
having accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under a requirement under section 69, 71E, 71F, or 72,—
(i)
fails or refuses to remain at that place until the person is required either to undergo an evidential breath test, a blood test, or a compulsory impairment test under this Act; or
(ii)
fails or refuses to accompany an enforcement officer to another place under any of those sections; or
(d)
having undergone an evidential breath test under a requirement under section 69 or a compulsory impairment test under section 71F, fails or refuses to remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court may disqualify the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for such period as the court thinks fit.
Infringement offence: failure or refusal to remain at specified place or to accompany enforcement officer
(3)
A person commits an infringement offence if the person,—
(a)
having undergone an oral fluid screening test under any of sections 71A to 71C, fails or refuses to remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained; or
(b)
fails or refuses to accompany without delay an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under section 71A, 71B, or 71DE; or
(c)
having accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under a requirement under section 71A or 71B, fails or refuses to remain at that place until the person is required to undergo an oral fluid screening test under section 71A or 71B; or
(d)
having accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under a requirement under section 71DE, fails or refuses to remain at that place until the person is required to provide an oral fluid sample under that section.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AB(3), 58A(4), 58B(5), 58C(5)
Section 59(1) heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 59(1)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 59(1)(b): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 59(1)(b): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 9(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 59(1)(c): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 59(1)(c): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 59(1)(c): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 59(1)(c)(i): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 59(1)(c)(i): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 12(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 59(1)(c)(i): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 9(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 59(1)(c)(ii): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 9(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 59(1)(d): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 12(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 59(1)(d): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 59(3) heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 59(3): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 11(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
60 Failure or refusal to permit blood specimen to be taken or to undergo compulsory impairment test
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person—
(a)
fails or refuses to permit a blood specimen to be taken after having been required to do so under section 72 by an enforcement officer; or
(b)
fails or refuses to permit a blood specimen to be taken without delay after having been requested to do so under section 72 by a health practitioner or medical officer; or
(c)
is a person from whom a health practitioner or medical officer may take a blood specimen under section 73 and refuses or fails to permit such a person to take a blood specimen; or
(d)
fails or refuses to undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F.
(2)
If a person is convicted of a first or second offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 6 months or more.
(2A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(3)
If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offence against subsection (1) or any of sections 56(1), 56(2), 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 58(1), and 61(1) and (2) (whether or not that offence is of the same kind as the person’s first or second offence against any of those provisions),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $6,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for more than 1 year.
(3A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
an order is made under section 65; or
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(3B)
Subsection (3C) applies to a person who—
(a)
is required to permit a blood specimen to be taken under section 72(1)(a), (b), or (e); and
(b)
when required, on a previous occasion, to permit a blood specimen to be taken under section 72(1)(a), (b), or (e), was medically or physically unable to provide a blood specimen.
(3C)
A person described in subsection (3B) who is medically or physically unable to provide a blood specimen is presumed, in the absence of proof to the contrary, to have refused to permit a blood specimen to be taken.
(4)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offence against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence specified in subsection (3) is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in that subsection.
(5)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AB(2), 58E
Section 60 heading: amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 60(1)(b): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 7(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 60(1)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 60(1)(c): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 7(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 60(1)(c): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 60(1)(c): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 60(1)(d): added, on 1 November 2009, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 60(1)(d): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 13(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 60(2A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 20(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 60(3): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 60(3): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 13(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 60(3A): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 60(3B): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 60(3C): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 60(5): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 20(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
60A Failure or refusal to undergo oral fluid screening test or provide oral fluid sample
(1)
A person commits an infringement offence if the person—
(a)
fails or refuses to undergo an oral fluid screening test without delay after having been required to do so under any of sections 71A to 71C by an enforcement officer; or
(b)
fails or refuses to provide an oral fluid sample after having been required to do so under section 71DE(2) by an enforcement officer.
(2)
A person does not fail or refuse to undergo an oral fluid screening test or provide an oral fluid sample only because,—
(a)
in the case of an oral fluid screening test, the person is unable to provide an oral fluid sample that is sufficient to carry out the oral fluid screening test; or
(b)
in the case of an oral fluid sample required under section 71DE(2), the person is unable to provide a sample that is sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act.
Section 60A: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
61 Person in charge of motor vehicle causing injury or death
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person is in charge of a motor vehicle and causes bodily injury to or the death of a person while—
(a)
the proportion of alcohol in the breath of the person in charge, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by that person under section 69, exceeds 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(b)
the proportion of alcohol in the blood of the person in charge, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from that person under section 72 or section 73, exceeds 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2)
A person commits an offence if the person is in charge of a motor vehicle and causes bodily injury to, or the death of, a person—
(a)
while under the influence of drink or a drug, or both, to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle; or
(b)
if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the blood of the person in charge—
(i)
contains evidence of use of a listed qualifying drug and the blood concentration level of the drug exceeds the high-risk level for the drug; or
(ii)
contains evidence of use of an unlisted qualifying drug and the blood specimen was taken after the person failed to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F.
(c)
[Repealed](2A)
To avoid doubt, subsection (2)(b) does not limit subsection (2)(a).
(3)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) or (2) that causes bodily injury to another person,—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more in the case of a first or second offence against this section or section 56(1) or (2), or section 58(1), or section 60(1).
(3AA)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) or (2) that causes the death of another person,—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more in the case of a first or second offence against this section or section 56(1) or (2), 58(1), or 60(1).
(3A)
If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offence against this section any of sections 56(1), 56(2), 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 58(1), and 60(1) (whether or not that offence is of the same kind as the person’s first or second offence against any of those provisions), the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for more than 1 year.
(3B)
Subsection (3A) does not apply if an order is made under section 65.
(3BA)
If an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1) for an offence against subsection (1) or (2)(a) that is a qualifying offence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b), (3AA)(b), or (3A) (whichever applies) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AD).
(3BB)
If an offence against subsection (2) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (3)(b), (3AA)(b), or (3A) (whichever applies) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(3C)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offence against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence specified in subsection (3A) is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in that subsection.
(4)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AB(1), (1A), 55(2)
Section 61(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 61(1): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 34(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 61(2): substituted, on 1 November 2009, by section 11 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 61(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 61(2)(b): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 14(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 61(2)(c): repealed, on 11 March 2023, by section 14(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 61(2A): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 11 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 61(2A): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 14(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 61(3): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 27(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 61(3)(b): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 34(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 61(3AA): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 27(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 61(3A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 34(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 61(3A): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 61(3B): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 34(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 61(3BA): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 21(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 61(3BB): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 21(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 61(3C): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 27(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 61(4): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
62 Causing injury or death in circumstances to which section 61 does not apply
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person causes bodily injury to or the death of a person by carelessly driving a motor vehicle (in a manner that is not an offence against section 61)—
(a)
while under the influence of drink or a drug, or both; or
(b)
if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the blood of the person driving contains evidence of use of a listed qualifying drug and the blood concentration level of the drug equals or is less than the high-risk level (if any) for the drug.
(1A)
To avoid doubt, subsection (1)(b) does not limit subsection (1)(a).
(1B)
A person commits an offence if the person causes bodily injury to, or the death of, a person by driving or attempting to drive a vehicle if, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, the blood of the person driving—
(a)
contains evidence of use of a listed qualifying drug and the blood concentration level of the drug exceeds the high-risk level for the drug; or
(b)
contains evidence of use of an unlisted qualifying drug and the blood specimen was taken after the person failed to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F.
(2)
If a person commits an offence against subsection (1) or (1B),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 1 year or more.
(3)
Subsection (2)(b) does not apply if an order is made under section 65.
(4)
If an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1) for an offence described in subsection (1)(a) that is a qualifying offence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AD).
(5)
If an offence against subsection (1) or (1B) is a concurrent offence in relation to a qualifying offence for an alcohol interlock sentence, then the mandatory disqualification in subsection (2)(b) is the period of disqualification for the purposes of section 65AE(d) (see section 65AH(3)(a)).
(6)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject to section 81 (which allows a court not to order disqualification for special reasons relating to the offence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 30AA(2), (2A), 56(1A)(b)
Section 62(1): substituted, on 1 November 2009, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 62(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 62(1)(b): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 15(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 62(1A): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 62(1B): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 15(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 62(2): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 12(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 62(3): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 22 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 62(4): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 22 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 62(5): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 22 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 62(6): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 22 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
63 Further penalty in certain cases where person driving vehicle used in transport service
(1)
If a person is convicted of an offence against any of sections 56 to 62 that relates to the driving or attempted driving by that person of a vehicle being used in a transport service (other than a rental service), the court must, in addition to any other penalty the court may impose, disqualify that person from driving a vehicle being used in a transport service (other than a rental service) for such period exceeding 1 year but not more than 10 years as the court thinks fit.
(2)
This section does not limit the power of a court under any other provision of this Act to disqualify a person for a period exceeding 10 years.
(3)
This section overrides section 94 (which allows a court to substitute disqualification with a community-based sentence).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30AD
Section 63(3): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 23 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Defences
64 Defences
(1)
It is a defence to proceedings for an offence against section 60 (which relates to failing or refusing to supply a blood specimen) if the court is satisfied, on the evidence of a health practitioner, that the taking of a blood specimen from the defendant would have been prejudicial to the defendant’s health.
(1AA)
Subsection (1) is subject to section 60(3B) and (3C).
(1A)
It is a defence to proceedings for an offence against section 57A(1) or (2), 57B(1) or (2), 57C(1) or (2) or 62(1B) if the court is satisfied that the person has consumed the relevant qualifying drug—
(a)
in accordance with—
(i)
a current and valid prescription written for that person by a health practitioner; and
(ii)
any instructions from a health practitioner or from the manufacturer of the qualifying drug; or
(b)
because it was administered by a health practitioner, provided that the person complied with the instructions (if any) that the health practitioner has given.
(1AB)
It is a defence to proceedings for an offence against section 57A(3), 57B(3), or 57C(3) or (4) if—
(a)
the person—
(i)
has a current and valid prescription for the qualifying drug that was written for that person by a health practitioner; and
(ii)
has complied with the instructions (if any) from a health practitioner or from the manufacturer of the qualifying drug about driving, consuming alcohol or other prescription medicines, or both, while consuming the qualifying drug; or
(b)
the drug was administered by a health practitioner, and the person complied with the instructions (if any) given by the health practitioner.
(1B)
It is a defence to proceedings for an offence against section 60(1)(d) if the court is satisfied that the person’s failure or refusal to undergo a compulsory impairment test is because of—
(a)
a pre-existing medical condition or pre-existing disability that precludes undergoing the test:
(b)
an injury, sustained in a motor vehicle accident giving rise to an obligation to undergo the test, that precludes undergoing the test.
(2)
It is no defence to proceedings for an offence that a provision forming part of sections 68 to 75A, 77, and 77A has not been strictly complied with or has not been complied with at all, provided there has been reasonable compliance with such of those provisions as apply.
(3)
In any proceedings against any person for an offence against section 52(1)(c) arising out of circumstances in which an enforcement officer exercised powers under section 121(2) and in respect of which a breath screening test or an evidential breath test or a blood test was undergone by the person, it is no defence that—
(a)
the breath screening test or evidential breath test indicated that,—
(i)
in the case of a person apparently younger than 20, the person’s breath did not contain alcohol; or
(ii)
in the case of a person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence, the person’s breath did not contain alcohol; or
(iii)
in any other case, the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath did not exceed 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(b)
any evidence given in respect of the results of a blood test indicates that,—
(i)
in the case of a person apparently younger than 20, the person’s blood did not contain alcohol; or
(ii)
in the case of a person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence, the person’s blood did not contain alcohol; or
(iii)
in any other case, the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood did not exceed 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(3A)
It is no defence to proceedings for an offence against section 60 (which relates to failing or refusing to supply a blood specimen) that—
(a)
there was or may have been an error in the result of the breath screening test, evidential breath test, or oral fluid screening test; or
(b)
the occurrence or likely occurrence of any such error did not entitle or empower a person to request or require an evidential breath test or a blood test.
(4)
It is no defence to proceedings for an offence against this Act in respect of the proportion of alcohol in a person’s breath—
(a)
that there was or may have been an error in the result of the breath screening test or evidential breath test; or
(b)
that the occurrence or likely occurrence of any such error did not entitle or empower a person to request or require an evidential breath test.
(5)
It is no defence to proceedings for an offence against this Act in respect of the proportion of alcohol in a person’s blood—
(a)
that there was or may have been an error in the result of the breath screening test or evidential breath test; or
(b)
that the occurrence or likely occurrence of any such error did not entitle or empower a person to request or require an evidential breath test or a blood test.
(6)
It is no defence to proceedings for an offence against this Act in respect of the proportion of a qualifying drug in a person’s blood that there was or may have been an error in the result of an oral fluid screening test undergone by the person.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 58(6), 58I, 63(3)
Section 64(1): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 64(1): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 64(1AA): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 64(1A): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 64(1A): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 16(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 64(1A): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 15(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 64(1A)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 15(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 64(1AB): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 16(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 64(1AB): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 13(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 64(1B): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 64(2): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 16(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 64(2): amended, on 29 December 2001, by section 5(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 64(3): substituted, on 7 August 2011, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 64(3)(a)(iii): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 64(3)(b)(iii): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 64(3A): inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 35 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 64(3A)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 13(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 64(3A)(a): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 16(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 64(4)(a): amended, on 29 December 2001, by section 5(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 64(6): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 13(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Mandatory disqualification and assessment for repeat offences
Heading: replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 24 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65 Mandatory disqualification and assessment for repeat offences
(1)
This section applies to offences against any of sections 56 to 62.
(2)
A court must make an order requiring a person to attend an assessment centre and disqualifying the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence until the Director removes that disqualification under section 100 if—
(a)
the court convicts that person of a second or subsequent offence against any of sections 56 to 62; and
(b)
the previous offence was committed within 5 years of the date of the commission of the offence being dealt with by the court.
(3)
Despite subsection (2), the court may not make an order referred to in subsection (2) unless at least 1 of the offences was—
(a)
an offence to which this section applies where either—
(i)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test, exceeded 1 000 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(ii)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen, exceeded 200 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(b)
an offence against section 59(1) or section 60 (which relate to failing to remain or to accompany or to permit a blood specimen to be taken for the purposes of the administration of breath tests and blood tests).
(3A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (2) is replaced by any alcohol interlock sentence ordered under section 65AC(1) (whether or not the alcohol interlock sentence is ordered at the same time as, or after, the order made under subsection (2)).
(4)
The court must make an order that requires a person to attend an assessment centre and that disqualifies that person from holding or obtaining a driver licence until the Director removes that disqualification under section 100 if—
(a)
the court convicts that person of a third or subsequent offence to which this section applies; and
(b)
the 2 or more previous offences were committed within 5 years of the date of the commission of the offence being dealt with by the court.
(4A)
The mandatory disqualification in subsection (4) is replaced by any alcohol interlock sentence ordered under section 65AC(1) (whether or not the alcohol interlock sentence is ordered at the same time as, or after, the order made under subsection (4)).
(5)
For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offence against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 corresponding to an offence to which this section applies is to be treated as a conviction for an offence specified in subsection (1).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30A
Section 65 heading: replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65(2): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 29(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 65(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 61 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 65(3): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 29(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 65(3)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 14 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 65(3A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 25(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65(4): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 36 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 65(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 61 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 65(4A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 25(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65A Alcohol interlock requirements for repeat offences or certain first time offences involving use of alcohol
[Repealed]Section 65A: repealed, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Mandatory alcohol interlock sentence for repeat offences and certain first offences
Heading: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AB Qualifying offences
(1)
Section 65AC applies if a court convicts a person of an offence in relation to alcohol against any of sections 56(1), 56(2), 57(1), 57(2), 57AA, 57C(1), 58(1)(a), 60(1)(a) to (c), 61(1), 61(2)(a), and 62(1)(a) and either—
(a)
the person convicted has previously been convicted of such an offence committed within 5 years of the date of the commission of the offence being dealt with by the court (whether or not section 65(2) or (4) also applies); or
(b)
the offence for which the person is convicted involves either or both of the following:
(i)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath, as ascertained by an evidential breath test subsequently undergone by the person under section 69, is or exceeds 800 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath:
(ii)
the proportion of alcohol in the person’s blood, as ascertained from an analysis of a blood specimen subsequently taken from the person under section 72 or 73, is or exceeds 160 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2)
However, section 65AI applies instead of section 65AC if a person described in subsection (1)—
(a)
has a medical condition (as certified by an appropriately qualified health practitioner) that renders him or her incapable of providing a valid breath sample to activate an alcohol interlock device; or
(b)
usually lives in a non-serviced area and is not prepared to drive to a serviced area for an initial installation and any necessary service; or
(c)
has never held a New Zealand licence; or
(d)
holds a licence that has been revoked or is suspended (except one that is suspended under section 90, 95, or 95A); or
(e)
is not likely, during the term of any alcohol interlock sentence that would otherwise apply, to—
(i)
have lawful possession of a motor vehicle to the extent of being able to use it and fit it with an alcohol interlock device; or
(ii)
have the type of possession described in subparagraph (i) of a motor vehicle that is technically able to be fitted with an alcohol interlock device.
Section 65AB: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65AB(1): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 17 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
65AC Alcohol interlock sentence
(1)
If this section applies, the court must order an alcohol interlock sentence.
(2)
An alcohol interlock sentence—
(a)
disqualifies the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for the period required by section 65AE; and
(b)
authorises the person to apply for an alcohol interlock licence at the end of that period; and
(c)
disqualifies the person from holding or obtaining any licence except an alcohol interlock licence; and
(d)
authorises the person, after complying with the alcohol interlock licence requirements, to apply to replace the alcohol interlock licence with a zero alcohol licence.
(3)
Subsection (1) applies unless for special reasons relating to the qualifying offence the court thinks fit to order otherwise and, if so,—
(a)
section 94 may apply (and a reference to disqualification in section 94 must be treated as if it referred to an alcohol interlock sentence); but
(b)
an alcohol interlock sentence may not otherwise be substituted by a community-based sentence.
Section 65AC: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AD Injury or death
If a qualifying offence resulted in injury or death, the court must disqualify the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for the period of disqualification that is appropriate under the provision relating to the qualifying offence.
Section 65AD: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AE Period of disqualification
The period of disqualification for an alcohol interlock sentence is the greatest of the following periods:
(a)
28 days; and
(b)
any period when the person’s licence is expired or suspended under section 90, 95, or 95A; and
(c)
any period when the person is in prison (because of the qualifying offence or otherwise); and
(d)
any period when the person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence, including—
(i)
under section 65AD; or
(ii)
under section 65AH(3); or
(iii)
because of an existing disqualification (except a disqualification under section 65(2) or (4): see section 65(3A) and (4A)).
Section 65AE: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AF Alcohol interlock sentence disqualifies person from driving except under alcohol interlock licence
A person who is subject to an alcohol interlock sentence and who does not apply for an alcohol interlock licence is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
Section 65AF: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AG Alcohol interlock licence requirements
(1)
An alcohol interlock licence replaces any licence held by a person.
(2)
An alcohol interlock licence requires a person holding it to drive only a motor vehicle or vehicles to which an alcohol interlock device is fitted.
(3)
A person may apply under section 100A to replace an alcohol interlock licence with a zero alcohol licence if—
(a)
every motor vehicle the person has driven for 12 months (or more) had an alcohol interlock device fitted and operating; and
(b)
in relation to a person who is required to attend an assessment centre under section 65 (or any other section), the person has attended and been assessed as being a fit person to hold a driver licence; and
(c)
during the previous 6 months, the person—
(i)
has not attempted to drive while the person’s breath contained a proportion of alcohol above the level to which the device is set; and
(ii)
has not committed a qualifying offence or an offence against section 55A; and
(iii)
has complied with any relevant regulations made under this Act.
(4)
The 6-month period referred to in subsection (3)(c) may be reduced to 3 months if the person has been assessed at an assessment centre (whether the attendance was voluntary or ordered by a court) as a fit person to hold a driver licence.
Section 65AG: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AH When court may take alcohol interlock sentence into account
Fines, imprisonment, assessments, or community-based sentences
(1)
A court must order any fine, imprisonment, assessment, or community-based sentence that is appropriate for a qualifying offence or a concurrent offence regardless of the requirement to impose an alcohol interlock sentence.
(2)
However, the court may take into account the cost of an alcohol interlock sentence and may discount the amount of any fine.
Disqualifications
(3)
For a concurrent offence,—
Injury or death
(a)
that resulted in injury or death, the court must disqualify the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for the period of disqualification that is appropriate under the provision relating to the concurrent offence:
No injury or death
(b)
that did not result in injury or death, the court may, taking into account the alcohol interlock sentence that must be ordered for the qualifying offence under section 65AC, choose not to order any disqualification that might otherwise apply to the concurrent offence.
Section 65AH: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AI Exceptions: persons who are not to be given alcohol interlock sentence
If this section applies because an exception described in section 65AB(2) applies to the person, a court must—
(a)
disqualify the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for the period that is appropriate under the provision relating to the qualifying offence; and
(b)
order any fine, imprisonment, assessment, or community-based sentence that is appropriate for the qualifying offence; and
(c)
if a disqualification is ordered, authorise the person to apply for a zero alcohol licence at the end of the period of disqualification.
Section 65AI: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AJ Effect of subsequent qualifying offences on alcohol interlock sentence
(1)
This section applies to a person with an alcohol interlock sentence who is convicted of a subsequent qualifying offence.
(2)
The court must replace the alcohol interlock sentence with a new alcohol interlock sentence under section 65AC unless—
(a)
section 65AC(3) applies to the subsequent qualifying offence; or
(b)
an exception described in section 65AB(2) now applies to the person (in which case, section 65AI applies).
(3)
Sections 65AC to 65AI apply to the new alcohol interlock sentence as if a reference to a qualifying offence in those sections were a reference to the subsequent qualifying offence.
Section 65AJ: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65AK Effect of other subsequent offences on alcohol interlock licence
(1)
This section applies to a person with an existing alcohol interlock licence—
(a)
who is convicted of a subsequent offence that is not a qualifying offence; and
(b)
who is disqualified under this Act or under section 124 of the Sentencing Act 2002 from holding or obtaining a driver licence for that subsequent offence.
(2)
In order to continue the existing alcohol interlock licence, the court must authorise the person to apply for a new alcohol interlock licence at the end of the disqualification referred to in subsection (1)(b).
(3)
Sections 65AG, 65AJ, and this section continue to apply to the new alcohol interlock licence as if it were the previous alcohol interlock licence and the previous alcohol interlock licence had not been interrupted by the disqualification.
(4)
When the person applies under section 100A(1) in relation to the new alcohol interlock licence, the Director must accept any compliance with the requirements of section 65AG in relation to the person’s previous alcohol interlock licence as compliance with the requirements of section 65AG in relation to the person’s new alcohol interlock licence.
Section 65AK: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65AK(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 62 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Mandatory zero alcohol requirements for repeat offences
Heading: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
65B Mandatory zero alcohol requirements for repeat offences and certain first offences
(1)
This section applies if a court has authorised a person to apply for a zero alcohol licence under any of the following sections:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
A zero alcohol licence has effect for a period of 3 years from the date the licence is issued.
(3)
A person authorised under a section referred to in subsection (1) may apply for a zero alcohol licence,—
(a)
in the case of a person who is subject to 1 or more orders of disqualification, no earlier than the day after the end of the last period of disqualification to which the person is subject; or
(b)
in the case of a person who is subject to an alcohol interlock sentence, when the Director makes an order under section 100A(1).
(4)
A person who has been authorised to apply for a zero alcohol licence and who does not apply for a zero alcohol licence is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
Section 65B: inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 65B heading: amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 27(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65B(1): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 27(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65B(2): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 27(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65B(3): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 27(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65B(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 63 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 65B(3)(b): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 27(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 65B(4): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 27(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Name suppression[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 5 March 2012, pursuant to section 393 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
66 Names of drivers convicted of alcohol or drug-related offences may not be suppressed
[Repealed]Section 66: repealed, on 5 March 2012 (applying in relation to a proceeding for an offence that was commenced before that date), by section 393 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Blood test fee
67 Blood test fee
(1)
The following persons who undergo a blood test are liable to pay the blood test fee that applied on the date of that test and any associated medical expenses:
(a)
any person who—
(i)
elects or is required to undergo the blood test under section 70A(1) or 72(1)(a), (b), (c), or (d); and
(ii)
before undergoing the blood test is advised in accordance with section 69(4A)(d), 72(1D), or 72(1E):
(aa)
any person who—
(i)
is required to undergo a blood test under section 72(1)(e), (f), (g), or (h); and
(ii)
is advised in accordance with section 72(1F) before undergoing the blood test; and
(iii)
commits an offence against section 57A(1) or (2), 57B(1) or (2), or 57C(1) or (2):
(b)
any person who undergoes a blood test under section 73.
(1A)
Subsection (1) does not apply if the result of the blood test indicates that the person has committed an infringement offence against section 56(2B).
(1B)
The blood test fee and any associated medical expenses payable by a person under subsection (1),—
(a)
(b)
in all other cases, are recoverable from the person as a debt due to the Crown.
(1C)
An enforcement officer may waive or refund the blood test fee and any associated medical expenses payable or paid by a person under subsection (1) if—
(a)
the result of the blood test does not indicate that the person contravened a specified blood-alcohol limit; and
(b)
the blood test—
(i)
was taken under section 72(1)(a) and the enforcement officer is satisfied, on the evidence of a medical practitioner, that the person’s failure or refusal to undergo an evidential breath test was because of—
(A)
a pre-existing medical condition or pre-existing disability that precluded undergoing the test; or
(B)
an injury, sustained in a motor vehicle accident that gave rise to the obligation to undergo the test; or
(ii)
was taken under section 73.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1), the Minister of Police may from time to time, by notice, prescribe a fee for each type of blood test that is carried out under this Act (including prescribing different fees for different classes of persons).
(3)
The medical expenses referred to in subsection (1) may not exceed the actual and reasonable medical expenses associated with the taking of a blood specimen.
(4)
A notice under subsection (2) is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30AB(4)
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 67(1): replaced, on 1 December 2014, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 67(1)(a)(i): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 18(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 67(1)(aa): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 18(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 67(1)(aa)(i): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 15(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 67(1)(aa)(ii): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 15(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 67(1A): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 67(1B): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 67(1B)(a): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 18(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 67(1C): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 67(2): substituted, on 1 November 2009, by section 14(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 67(2): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 18(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 67(2): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 67(3): added, on 1 November 2009, by section 14(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 67(4): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Subpart 2—Enforcement procedures for offences involving intoxication
Subpart 2 heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 16 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Enforcement procedures for offences involving intoxication[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 16 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
68 Who must undergo breath screening test
(1)
An enforcement officer may require any of the following persons to undergo a breath screening test without delay:
(a)
a driver of, or a person attempting to drive, a motor vehicle on a road:
(b)
a person whom the officer has good cause to suspect has recently committed an offence against this Act that involves the driving of a motor vehicle:
(c)
if an accident has occurred involving a motor vehicle,—
(i)
the driver of the vehicle at the time of the accident; or
(ii)
if the enforcement officer is unable to ascertain who the driver of the motor vehicle was at the time of the accident, a person whom the officer has good cause to suspect was in the motor vehicle at the time of the accident.
(2)
An enforcement officer may not require a person who is in a hospital or medical centre as a result of an accident involving a motor vehicle to undergo a breath screening test.
(3)
A person who has undergone a breath screening test under this section must remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained, and an enforcement officer may arrest the person without warrant if the person refuses or fails to remain at that place.
(4)
If an enforcement officer is entitled to require a person to undergo a breath screening test, the officer may also require that person to undergo a test using a passive breath-testing device, which test is one where the officer holds a passive breath-testing device near the person’s mouth for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not there is any alcohol in the person’s breath.
(5)
The use or non-use of a passive breath-testing device does not of itself affect the validity of a breath screening test.
(6)
An enforcement officer may require a person to undergo a breath screening test whether or not a person has already undergone an oral fluid screening test under any of sections 71A to 71C and regardless of the result (or failure to produce a result) of any such oral fluid screening test or tests.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58A
Section 68(2): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 9 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 68(6): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 19 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 68(6): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 17 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
69 Who must undergo evidential breath test
(1)
An enforcement officer may require a person to accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential breath test or a blood test (or both) when required to do so by the officer, if,—
(a)
in the case of a person who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence, the person has undergone a breath screening test under section 68 and it appears to the officer that the breath of the person who underwent the test contains alcohol; or
(aa)
in the case of a person who is apparently younger than 20, the person has undergone a breath screening test under section 68 and it appears to the officer that the breath of the person who underwent the test contains alcohol; or
(ab)
in the case of any other person, the person has undergone a breath screening test under section 68 and it appears to the officer that the proportion of alcohol in the breath of the person who underwent the test exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(b)
[Repealed](c)
the person fails or refuses to undergo a breath screening test without delay after having been required to do so by the officer under section 68; or
(d)
the person could be required to undergo a breath screening test without delay under section 68 but cannot be tested because either a breath screening device is not readily available or for any reason a breath screening test cannot then be carried out, and there is good cause to suspect that the person has consumed drink.
(2)
If it is not practicable for a person to undergo an evidential breath test at a place to which the person has accompanied an enforcement officer under subsection (1), an enforcement officer may require the person to accompany the officer to any other place where it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential breath test or a blood test (or both).
(3)
For the avoidance of doubt, it is declared that an enforcement officer may require a person to accompany the officer to a place under subsection (1) if—
(a)
it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential breath test at that place, whether or not it is likely that the person can undergo a blood test at that place; or
(b)
it is likely that the person can undergo a blood test at that place, whether or not it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential breath test at that place.
(4)
If a person—
(a)
has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section; or
(b)
has been arrested under subsection (6) and taken to or detained at a place,—
an enforcement officer may require the person to undergo without delay at that place an evidential breath test (whether or not the person has already undergone a breath screening test).
(4A)
An enforcement officer who requires a person to undergo an evidential breath test under subsection (4) must, without delay, advise the person—
(a)
that if the person fails or refuses to undergo the evidential breath test, the person will be required to permit the taking of a blood specimen under section 72(1)(a); and
(b)
that if the result of a blood test indicates the presence of alcohol in the person’s blood the person may be issued with an infringement offence notice or charged with an offence, depending on the proportion of alcohol; and
(c)
of the infringement fee payable for a breach of section 56(2B); and
(d)
that the person may be liable to pay a blood test fee and associated medical costs, whether or not the result of the blood test establishes that the person has committed an offence against this Act.
(5)
A person must—
(a)
accompany the officer to a place when required to do so under this section:
(b)
if the person has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section, remain at that place until the person is required either to undergo an evidential breath test or a blood test under this Act, or to accompany an enforcement officer to another place under this section:
(c)
if the person has undergone an evidential breath test under this section, remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained.
(6)
An enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person who contravenes subsection (5).
(7)
An enforcement officer may not require a person who is in a hospital or medical centre as a result of an accident involving a motor vehicle to undergo an evidential breath test.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58B
Section 69(1): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 32(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 69(1)(a): substituted, on 7 August 2011, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 69(1)(aa): inserted, on 7 August 2011, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 69(1)(ab): inserted, on 7 August 2011, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 69(1)(ab): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 69(1)(b): repealed, on 7 August 2011, by section 32(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 69(4A): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 9 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 69(7): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
70 Person may be required to undergo further evidential breath test if initial test fails to produce result
(1)
If for any reason an evidential breath test carried out under section 69 by an enforcement officer fails to produce a result, the enforcement officer may, at his or her discretion, either require the person to undergo without delay a further evidential breath test or proceed as if section 72(1)(c) applies.
(2)
A requirement made under subsection (1) is deemed to be a requirement under section 69(4).
70A Who has right to elect blood test after positive evidential breath test
(1)
A person has the right, within 10 minutes of being advised by an enforcement officer of the matters specified in section 77(3)(a) (which sets out the conditions of the admissibility of the test), to elect to have a blood test to assess the proportion of alcohol in his or her blood, if the result of that person’s evidential breath test appears to be positive, and—
(a)
the result of the person’s evidential breath test indicates that the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath exceeds 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(b)
the person is apparently younger than 20; or
(c)
the person holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence.
(2)
A person does not have the right to elect to have a blood test to assess the proportion of alcohol in his or her blood if the result of the person’s positive evidential breath test indicates that the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath but does not exceed 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(3)
Subsection (2) does not apply to a person who is apparently younger than 20 or who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence.
Section 70A: replaced, on 1 December 2014, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 70A heading: replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 20 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
71 Meaning of apparently younger than 20
(1)
For the purposes of section 69(1)(aa), an enforcement officer is entitled to regard a person as being younger than 20 if—
(a)
the person produces a driver licence showing that the person is younger than 20; or
(b)
the person produces a driver licence showing that the person is 20 or older, but the officer has good cause to suspect that the licence has been issued to some other person or is invalid or that the person who produced the licence is younger than 20; or
(c)
the person fails to produce a driver licence and is unable to satisfy the officer by some other means that the person is 20 or older.
(2)
An enforcement officer is not obliged to take any further steps, other than requiring the production of a driver licence, to ascertain the age of a person for the purposes of section 69.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58B(1A)
Section 71(1): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Subpart 3—Enforcement procedures for offences involving use of qualifying drugs
Subpart 3 heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 18 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Enforcement procedures for offences involving use of qualifying drugs[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 18 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71AAA Interpretation of this subpart
In this subpart,—
deliver includes to cause to be delivered, whether by courier or otherwise
post includes to cause to be posted.
Section 71AAA: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 19 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71AAB Requirements for handling oral fluid samples
An enforcement officer must handle, retain, transfer, or dispose of an oral fluid sample obtained under this subpart in accordance with the applicable procedure prescribed in regulations.
Section 71AAB: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 19 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Oral fluid screening tests
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 19 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71A Who must undergo first oral fluid screening test
(1)
An enforcement officer may require any of the following persons to undergo a first oral fluid screening test without delay:
(a)
a driver of, or a person attempting to drive, a motor vehicle on a road:
(b)
a person who the officer has good cause to suspect has recently committed an offence against this Act that involves the driving of a motor vehicle:
(c)
if an accident has occurred involving a motor vehicle,—
(i)
the driver of the vehicle at the time of the accident; or
(ii)
if the enforcement officer is unable to ascertain who the driver of the motor vehicle was at the time of the accident, a person who the officer has good cause to suspect was in the motor vehicle at the time of the accident.
(2)
An enforcement officer—
(a)
may require a person to undergo a first oral fluid screening test whether or not the person has already undergone a breath screening test under section 68 or an evidential breath test under section 69 and regardless of the result (or failure to produce a result) of any such test or tests; but
(b)
must not require a person to undergo a first oral fluid screening test if an enforcement officer has required the person to undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F(1).
(3)
An enforcement officer may require the person—
(a)
to remain in the place where stopped to undergo the first oral fluid screening test; or
(b)
if it is not practicable for the person to undergo an oral fluid screening test at the place where stopped, to accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo a first oral fluid screening test.
(4)
If it is not practicable for a person to undergo a first oral fluid screening test at a place to which the person has accompanied an enforcement officer under subsection (3)(b), an enforcement officer may require the person to accompany the officer to any other place where it is likely that the person can undergo a first oral fluid screening test.
(5)
An enforcement officer who requires a person to undergo a first oral fluid screening test under this section must, without delay, advise the person—
(a)
that the person may be issued with an infringement notice if the person—
(i)
fails or refuses to undergo an oral fluid screening test that is required under this section or section 71B or 71C; or
(ii)
having undergone an oral fluid screening test under this section or section 71B or 71C, fails or refuses to remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained; and
(b)
of the infringement fee payable for a breach of section 59(3)(a) or 60A(1)(a).
(6)
A person must—
(a)
accompany an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under this section:
(b)
if the person has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section, remain at that place until the person is required to undergo an oral fluid screening test under this section:
(c)
if the person has undergone an oral fluid screening test under this section, remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained.
(7)
An enforcement officer may not require a person who is in a hospital or medical centre as a result of an accident involving a motor vehicle to undergo an oral fluid screening test under this section.
(8)
An enforcement officer must, without delay after the result of the first oral fluid screening test is ascertained, advise the person—
(a)
of the result of the test; and
(b)
if the test produces a positive result, of the following matters:
(i)
that an oral fluid sample from the person will be subject to analysis carried out by an approved analyst in accordance with this Act:
(ii)
that, if the analysis establishes that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for 1 or more listed qualifying drugs, the person may be issued with an infringement notice:
(iii)
that, if the analysis establishes that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for 1 or more listed qualifying drugs, the person may, if they have provided an oral fluid sample that is sufficient for analysis, choose to have a private analyst analyse that sample at the person’s own expense:
(iv)
the infringement fee payable for a breach of section 57A(3), 57B(3), 57C(3), or 57C(4).
(9)
However, subsection (8)(b) does not apply if—
(a)
the person has undergone a first oral fluid screening test; and
(b)
the enforcement officer requires the person to—
(i)
accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential blood test under section 71E; or
(ii)
undergo a compulsory impairment test under section 71F.
Section 71A: replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 21 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 71A heading: amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(1): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(2)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(2)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(2)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(3)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(3)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(4): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(5): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(6)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(6)(c): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(7): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(8): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71A(9): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 20(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71B Who must undergo second oral fluid screening test
(1)
An enforcement officer must require a person to undergo without delay a second oral fluid screening test if—
(a)
the person has undergone a first oral fluid screening test; and
(b)
the result of the first oral fluid screening test is positive.
(1A)
See section 71D(3) and (4), which relates to the sequence of testing required under this section and section 71D.
(1B)
However, an enforcement officer must not require a person to undergo a second oral fluid screening test if—
(a)
the person has undergone a first oral fluid screening test; and
(b)
the officer requires the person to—
(i)
accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential blood test under section 71E; or
(ii)
undergo a compulsory impairment test in the circumstances described in section 71F(5).
(2)
An enforcement officer may require the person—
(a)
to remain in the place where the person underwent the first oral fluid screening test to undergo the second oral fluid screening test; or
(b)
if it is not practicable for the person to undergo a second oral fluid screening test at the place where the person underwent the first oral fluid screening test, to accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo a second oral fluid screening test.
(3)
If it is not practicable for a person to undergo a second oral fluid screening test at a place to which the person has accompanied an enforcement officer under subsection (2)(b), an enforcement officer may require the person to accompany the officer to any other place where it is likely that the person can undergo a second oral fluid screening test.
(4)
A person must—
(a)
accompany an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under this section:
(b)
if the person has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section, remain at that place until the person is required to undergo an oral fluid screening test under this section:
(c)
if the person has undergone an oral fluid screening test under this section, remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained.
(5)
An enforcement officer must, without delay after the result of the second oral fluid screening test is ascertained, advise the person of the result of the test.
(6)
[Repealed]Section 71B: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 21 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 71B heading: amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(1): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(1A): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(1B): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(2)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(2)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(3): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(4)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(4)(c): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(5): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71B(6): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 21(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71C Person must undergo further oral fluid screening test if either first or second oral fluid screening test fails to produce result
(1)
An enforcement officer must require a person to undergo without delay a further oral fluid screening test if—
(a)
a first oral fluid screening test carried out under section 71A fails to produce a result:
(b)
a second oral fluid screening test carried out under section 71B fails to produce a result.
(2)
A person must remain at the place where the person underwent the test that failed to produce a result until after the result of the further oral fluid screening test is ascertained.
(3)
A positive result of a further oral fluid screening test required under subsection (1) must,—
(a)
if required following a first oral fluid screening test that failed to produce a result, be treated for all purposes under this Act as the result of the first oral fluid screening test; or
(b)
if required following a second oral fluid screening test that failed to produce a result, be treated for all purposes under this Act as the result of the second oral fluid screening test.
(4)
A person may be required to undergo only 1 further oral fluid screening test under subsection (1).
(5)
An enforcement officer must, without delay after the result of a further oral fluid screening test is ascertained, advise the person of the result of the test.
(6)
[Repealed]Section 71C: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 21 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 71C heading: amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(1): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(1)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(1)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(2): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(3): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(4): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(5): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71C(6): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Process if first oral fluid screening test is positive
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71D Process followed if first oral fluid screening test is positive
(1)
Sections 71DA to 71DG apply if—
(a)
an enforcement officer requires a person to undergo a first oral fluid screening test; and
(b)
the result of that test is positive.
(2)
The enforcement officer must follow one of the following processes:
(a)
process A (see section 71DA, which applies if an oral fluid sample sufficient for both laboratory and private testing is obtained from an oral fluid screening test):
(b)
process B (see sections 71DB and 71DC, which apply if an oral fluid sample sufficient only for laboratory testing is obtained from an oral fluid screening test):
(c)
process C (see sections 71DD and 71DE, which apply if an oral fluid screening test does not provide an oral fluid sample sufficient for laboratory testing).
(3)
The enforcement officer may apply the applicable process—
(a)
after the person has undergone a first oral fluid screening test but before the person undergoes a second oral fluid screening test; or
(b)
after the person has undergone a second oral fluid screening test.
(4)
Subsection (3) overrides section 71B(1).
(5)
However, an enforcement officer must not apply sections 71DA to 71DE if—
(a)
the person has undergone a first oral fluid screening test; and
(b)
the officer requires the person to—
(i)
accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential blood test under section 71E; or
(ii)
undergo a compulsory impairment test in the circumstances described in section 71F(5).
(6)
Subsection (5) overrides sections 71DA to 71DE.
Section 71D: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Process A: sample sufficient for both laboratory and private testing obtained
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DA Process if sample sufficient for both laboratory and private testing obtained from oral fluid screening test
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
section 71D(2) applies; and
(b)
the enforcement officer obtains, from an oral fluid screening test, an oral fluid sample from the person that is sufficient for—
(i)
an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act; and
(ii)
a private analyst to carry out analysis.
(2)
The enforcement officer must deliver or post the person’s oral fluid sample to an approved laboratory for its analysis and retention in accordance with section 71DG.
Section 71DA: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Process B: sample sufficient only for laboratory testing obtained
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DB Process if sample obtained from oral fluid screening test is sufficient only for laboratory testing
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
section 71D(2) applies; and
(b)
the enforcement officer obtains, from an oral fluid screening test, an oral fluid sample from the person that is—
(i)
sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act; but
(ii)
not sufficient for a private analyst to carry out analysis.
(2)
The enforcement officer must advise the person that—
(a)
the oral fluid sample the officer has obtained is—
(i)
sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis; but
(ii)
not sufficient for a private analyst to carry out analysis; and
(b)
if the person wishes to be able to have an oral fluid sample analysed by a private analyst at the person’s own expense, they must choose to provide an elective oral fluid sample; and
(c)
if they choose not to provide an elective oral fluid sample, they will not be able to have an oral fluid sample analysed by a private analyst.
(3)
The person has the right, within 10 minutes of being advised by the enforcement officer of the matters specified in subsection (2), to choose whether to provide an elective oral fluid sample.
(4)
The enforcement officer must,—
(a)
if the person chooses to provide an elective oral fluid sample, obtain an elective oral fluid sample in accordance with section 71DC; and
(b)
deliver or post the person’s oral fluid sample and, if applicable, the person’s elective oral fluid sample to an approved laboratory for analysis and retention in accordance with section 71DG.
Section 71DB: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DC Obtaining elective oral fluid sample
(1)
This section applies if section 71DB(4)(a) applies.
(2)
The enforcement officer must—
(a)
request that the person provide an elective oral fluid sample; and
(b)
in accordance with the applicable procedure prescribed in regulations, take a sample that, to the extent that is reasonably practicable, is sufficient for a private analyst to carry out analysis.
Section 71DC: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Process C: sufficient sample not obtained
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DD Process if sufficient sample not obtained from oral fluid screening test
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
section 71D(2) applies; and
(b)
the enforcement officer does not obtain, from an oral fluid screening test, an oral fluid sample from the person that is sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act.
(2)
The enforcement officer must—
(a)
advise the person that their oral fluid sample is not sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act; and
(b)
obtain an oral fluid sample in accordance with section 71DE.
Oral fluid sample also sufficient for private analyst testing
(3)
Subsection (4) applies if the oral fluid sample obtained under section 71DE is sufficient for—
(a)
an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act; and
(b)
a private analyst to carry out analysis.
(4)
The enforcement officer must deliver or post the person’s oral fluid sample to an approved laboratory for its analysis and retention in accordance with section 71DG.
Sample sufficient only for approved analyst testing
(5)
Subsection (6) applies if the sample obtained under section 71DE is not sufficient for a private analyst to carry out analysis.
(6)
The enforcement officer must apply the procedure for obtaining an elective oral fluid sample set out in section 71DB(2) to (4).
Section 71DD: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DE Obtaining oral fluid sample that is required to be provided
(1)
This section applies if section 71DD(2) applies.
(2)
The enforcement officer—
(a)
must, to the extent that the officer considers reasonably necessary, require the person to provide 1 or more oral fluid samples; and
(b)
must, in accordance with the applicable procedure prescribed in regulations, take an oral fluid sample or oral fluid samples that, to the extent that is reasonably practicable, are sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act; and
(c)
may take an oral fluid sample under paragraph (b) that is sufficient for a private analyst to carry out analysis.
(3)
Before obtaining an oral fluid sample, the enforcement officer must advise the person of the following matters:
(a)
that the person may be issued with an infringement notice if the person fails or refuses to provide an oral fluid sample requested by the officer:
(b)
the infringement fee payable for a breach of section 60A(1)(b).
(4)
If the enforcement officer requires the person to provide an oral fluid sample, the enforcement officer may require the person—
(a)
to remain in the place where the person most recently underwent an oral fluid screening test to provide the sample; or
(b)
if it is not practicable for the person to provide the sample at that place, to accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can provide the sample.
(5)
If it is not practicable for the person to provide the oral fluid sample at a place to which the person has accompanied the enforcement officer under subsection (4)(b), the enforcement officer may require the person to accompany the officer to any other place where it is likely that the person can provide the sample.
(6)
A person who is required to provide an oral fluid sample must—
(a)
accompany an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under this section:
(b)
if the person has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section, remain at that place until the person is required to provide the sample.
Section 71DE: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Provisions following application of process A, B, or C
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DF Person may apply to have oral fluid sample analysed by private analyst
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
a person is served with an infringement notice in respect of an infringement offence against section 57A(3), 57B(3), 57C(3), or 57C(4); and
(b)
an approved laboratory holds an oral fluid sample from the person that is sufficient for a private analyst to carry out analysis.
(2)
If the person wishes to have the oral fluid sample analysed by a private analyst, the person (or the person’s solicitor or counsel) may apply to the Commissioner in accordance with subsection (5).
(3)
If the application complies with subsection (5),—
(a)
the Commissioner, or a person authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner, must forward a copy of the application to the approved laboratory to which the oral fluid sample taken from the person was delivered or posted under section 71DA(2), 71DB(4)(b), or 71DD(4); and
(b)
that laboratory must deliver or post all or part of the oral fluid sample to the private analyst specified in the application.
(4)
If the application does not comply with subsection (5), the Commissioner or authorised person may refuse to forward a copy of the application to the approved laboratory.
(5)
An application under subsection (2) must—
(a)
be made in writing to the Commissioner no later than 28 days after the date on which the person is served with an infringement notice in respect of the infringement offence; and
(b)
state the full name and address and the occupation of the person and the date of the infringement offence; and
(c)
identify the private analyst to whom the oral fluid sample is to be delivered or posted and the address of the private analyst.
Section 71DF: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71DG Requirements for approved analyst or private analyst in respect of oral fluid sample
(1)
This section applies to—
(a)
an approved analyst who receives an oral fluid sample delivered or posted to an approved laboratory in accordance with section 71DA(2), 71DB(4)(b), or 71DD(4); and
(b)
a private analyst who receives an oral fluid sample delivered or posted to the analyst in accordance with section 71DF(3)(b).
Requirements for approved analyst analysing and handling oral fluid sample
(2)
The approved analyst must—
(a)
analyse all or part of the oral fluid sample for the purpose of testing the sample for the presence of 1 or more listed qualifying drugs specified in each notice made under section 71GA(1)(a); and
(b)
if 1 or more listed qualifying drugs are present, establish whether, for each listed qualifying drug, the concentration level of the drug in the person’s oral fluid sample is at or above the concentration level specified in a notice made under section 71GA(1)(b); and
(c)
handle, retain, transfer, or dispose of the oral fluid sample in accordance with the applicable procedure prescribed in regulations.
Requirements for private analyst handling oral fluid sample
(3)
The private analyst must handle, retain, transfer, or dispose of the oral fluid sample in accordance with the applicable procedure prescribed in regulations.
Section 71DG: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Who may be required to undergo blood test
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 24 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71E Person may be required to accompany enforcement officer to undergo blood test
(1)
An enforcement officer may require the following persons to accompany an enforcement officer to a place where it is likely that the person can undergo an evidential blood test when required to do so by the officer:
(a)
a person who, after having been required to undergo an oral fluid screening test by the officer under any of sections 71A to 71C, is unable to provide an oral fluid sample that is sufficient to carry out an oral fluid screening test:
(aa)
a person who, after having been required to provide an oral fluid sample by the officer under section 71DE, is unable to provide an oral fluid sample that is sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act:
(b)
a person who has undergone a first oral fluid screening test and a second oral fluid screening test that have produced positive results if—
(i)
the person was the driver of a motor vehicle at the time an accident occurred involving the motor vehicle or an enforcement officer has good cause to suspect that the person was in the motor vehicle at the time of the accident; and
(ii)
the enforcement officer has good cause to suspect that another person has been injured or killed as a result of the accident:
(c)
[Repealed](d)
a person who fails to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person is required to do so by an enforcement officer under section 71F.
(2)
If it is not practicable for a person to undergo a blood test at a place to which the person has accompanied an enforcement officer under subsection (1), an enforcement officer may require the person to accompany the officer to any other place where it is likely that the person can undergo a blood test.
(3)
The person must—
(a)
accompany the enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under this section:
(b)
if the person has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section, remain at that place until the person is required to provide a blood specimen for collection under section 72 or 73.
(4)
An enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person who contravenes subsection (3).
Section 71E: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 21 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 71E(1)(a): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71E(1)(aa): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71E(1)(b): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 25(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71E(1)(c): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 25(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Who may be required to undergo compulsory impairment test
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71F Who must undergo compulsory impairment test
(1)
An enforcement officer may require any of the following persons to undergo a compulsory impairment test given by an enforcement officer trained to give the test if the enforcement officer has good cause to suspect that the person has consumed a drug or drugs:
(a)
a driver of, or a person attempting to drive, a motor vehicle on a road:
(b)
a person who the officer has good cause to suspect has recently committed an offence against this Act that involves the driving of a motor vehicle:
(c)
if an accident has occurred involving a motor vehicle,—
(i)
the driver of the vehicle at the time of the accident; or
(ii)
if the enforcement officer is unable to ascertain who the driver of the motor vehicle was at the time of the accident, a person who the officer has good cause to suspect was in the motor vehicle at the time of the accident.
(2)
An enforcement officer may require a person specified in subsection (1) to—
(a)
remain in the place where stopped, for a period of time that is reasonable in the circumstances, to undergo the compulsory impairment test; or
(b)
accompany an enforcement officer to another place to undergo the compulsory impairment test if it would enhance road safety, personal safety, the person’s privacy, or the giving or taking of the test.
(3)
A person who has undergone a compulsory impairment test must remain at the place where the person underwent the test until the result of the test is ascertained.
(4)
An enforcement officer may arrest a person without warrant if the person refuses or fails to comply with subsection (2) or (3).
(5)
An enforcement officer may exercise the powers in subsections (1) and (2) in addition to any of the following:
(a)
any breath screening test, regardless of the result of the test (or a failure of the test to produce a result):
(b)
any evidential breath test, regardless of the result of the test (or a failure of the test to produce a result):
(c)
a first oral fluid screening test, regardless of the result of the test (or a failure of the test to produce a result):
(d)
a second oral fluid screening test that does not produce a positive result.
(6)
An enforcement officer must not exercise the powers in subsections (1) and (2) in relation to a person who has undergone a second oral fluid screening test that produces a positive result.
Section 71F: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 21 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 71F(5)(c): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 27(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71F(5)(d): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 27(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 71F(6): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 27(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Minister’s powers to make notices
Heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71G Minister may approve oral fluid screening devices for use in oral fluid screening tests
(1)
The Minister of Police may, by notice, approve a kind of device that may be used as an oral fluid screening device.
What notice must specify
(2)
The notice must specify—
(a)
either or both of the following:
(i)
1 or more qualifying drugs in respect of which the approved device may be used for the purpose of screening oral fluid for the presence of that drug (a specified qualifying drug):
(ii)
1 or more families of qualifying drugs in respect of which the approved device may be used for the purpose of screening oral fluid for the presence of that family of drugs (a specified family of qualifying drugs); and
(b)
for each specified qualifying drug or specified family of qualifying drugs, the concentration level of that specified qualifying drug or specified family of qualifying drugs in the person’s oral fluid at or above which the result of the test will appear positive for that qualifying drug or that family of qualifying drugs (the positive screening threshold).
Minister must consult and consider certain matters before making notice
(3)
Before making a notice, the Minister of Police must consult the Minister of Transport and the Science Minister.
(4)
The Minister of Police may approve a device under subsection (1) only if the Minister of Police has considered the following matters:
(a)
the accuracy of the device in light of the requirements for screening oral fluid specified in sections 71A to 71DG:
(b)
the extent to which the positive screening threshold used by the device for a specified qualifying drug or specified family of qualifying drugs indicates recent use of that specified qualifying drug or specified family of qualifying drugs.
(5)
In considering—
(a)
the matters specified in subsection (4), the Minister of Police must take into account the desirability of—
(i)
detecting a qualifying drug, including a family of qualifying drugs, that has recently been used by the driver of a motor vehicle; and
(ii)
deterring a person from driving a motor vehicle if they have recently used a qualifying drug, including a family of qualifying drugs; and
(b)
the matter specified in subsection (4)(b), the Minister of Police must also have regard to any relevant standard.
Defining and identifying device as approved device
(6)
A notice made under subsection (1) may define an approved device as a device that bears, or is associated by its manufacturer with, any trade name or number or other expression, or any combination of those things, that may be specified in the notice.
(7)
In the absence of proof to the contrary, a device is to be treated as bearing or being associated with a particular trade name or number or other expression if that name or number or other expression—
(a)
appears on the device, whether on a label or otherwise, or is shown on a display panel on the device; or
(b)
is printed out by the device on a card or on paper; or
(c)
appears on printed matter that—
(i)
accompanies the device; and
(ii)
is associated with the device or is intended by the manufacturer of the device to be associated with the device; and
(iii)
is issued by or on behalf of the manufacturer.
(8)
In this section and in section 71GA, relevant standard means—
(a)
Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4760:2019 Procedure for specimen collection and the detection and quantification of drugs in oral fluid; or
(b)
any Australian/New Zealand Standard or New Zealand Standard substituted for that standard.
(9)
A notice made under this section is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in accordance with the Legislation (Publication) Regulations 2021 | LA19 s 74(1)(aa) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 71G: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
71GA Minister may specify listed qualifying drugs and concentration level to be tested for by approved analyst
(1)
The Minister of Police may, by notice, specify—
(a)
1 or more listed qualifying drugs in respect of which an approved analyst may analyse an oral fluid sample for the purpose of testing the sample for the presence of that drug or those drugs; and
(b)
for each listed qualifying drug, the concentration level of the drug in the person’s oral fluid at or above which the result of the test will appear positive for that drug (the positive evidential threshold).
(2)
Before making a notice, the Minister of Police must consult the Minister of Transport and the Science Minister.
(3)
The Minister of Police may make a notice only if that Minister is satisfied that the positive evidential threshold proposed to be approved under subsection (1)(b) for use by an approved analyst to test for a listed qualifying drug indicates recent use of that listed qualifying drug.
(4)
In determining whether a positive evidential threshold meets the requirement specified in subsection (3),—
(a)
the Minister of Police must have regard to any relevant standard; and
(b)
it is sufficient to meet the requirement if the positive evidential threshold aligns with the applicable threshold specified in the relevant standard; and
(c)
if the positive evidential threshold does not align with the applicable threshold specified in the relevant standard or if there is no applicable threshold specified in any relevant standard, the Minister of Police may nevertheless be satisfied that the requirement is met on the basis of other relevant information.
(5)
A notice made under this section is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in accordance with the Legislation (Publication) Regulations 2021 | LA19 s 74(1)(aa) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 71GA: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Subpart 4—Enforcement procedures involving taking of blood specimens
Subpart 4 heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 29 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Enforcement procedures involving taking of blood specimens[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 29 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
72 Who must give blood specimen at places other than hospital or medical centre
(1)
A person must permit a health practitioner or medical officer to take a blood specimen from the person when required to do so by an enforcement officer if—
(a)
the person fails or refuses to undergo without delay an evidential breath test after having been required to do so by an enforcement officer under section 69; or
(b)
the person has undergone an evidential breath test under section 69(4), and—
(i)
it appears to the officer that the test is positive; and
(ii)
within 10 minutes of being advised by an enforcement officer of the matters specified in section 77(3)(a) (which sets out the conditions of the admissibility of the test), the person advises the officer that the person wishes to undergo a blood test; or
(c)
an evidential breath testing device is not readily available at the place to which the person has accompanied an enforcement officer under section 69 (whether or not at the time the requirement was made it was likely that the person could undergo an evidential breath test at that place) or to which the person has been taken under arrest (as the case may be), or for any reason an evidential breath test cannot then be carried out at that place; or
(d)
the officer has arrested the person under section 120(1) and has good cause to suspect that the person has committed an offence against any of sections 56 to 62, and either—
(i)
a health practitioner has examined the person and believes that the person may be under the influence of drink or a drug, or both; or
(ii)
the person has refused to be examined by a health practitioner for the purposes of this paragraph; or
(e)
the person is unable to provide an oral fluid sample that is sufficient to carry out an oral fluid screening test after having been required to undergo an oral fluid screening test by an enforcement officer under any of sections 71A to 71C; or
(f)
the person is unable, after having been required to provide an oral fluid sample by an enforcement officer under section 71DE, to provide an oral fluid sample that is sufficient for an approved analyst to carry out analysis in accordance with this Act; or
(g)
the person has undergone 2 oral fluid screening tests under any of sections 71A to 71C and the person has accompanied an enforcement officer to a place where the person can undergo an evidential blood test under section 71E(1)(b) or (2); or
(h)
the person fails to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person is required to do so by an enforcement officer under section 71F.
(1AA)
Subsection (1)(b) does not apply in the case of a person (other than a person who is apparently younger than 20 or who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence) if the result of the evidential breath test under section 69(4) indicates that the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath but does not exceed 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(1A)
Subsection (1)(h) only applies if an enforcement officer has good cause to suspect that the person has consumed a drug or drugs.
(1B)
Subsection (1)(h) applies regardless of whether the person has failed any breath screening tests under section 68, evidential breath tests under section 69, or oral fluid screening tests under any of sections 71A to 71C and regardless of the outcome of any such tests.
(1C)
An enforcement officer may exercise the powers in subsections (1) and (2) in addition to any breath screening tests under section 68, evidential breath tests under section 69, or oral fluid screening tests under any of sections 71A to 71C.
(1D)
An enforcement officer who advises a person of the matters specified in section 77(3)(a) (which sets out the conditions of the admissibility of an evidential breath test) must also, without delay, advise the person that if the person elects to have a blood test the person may be liable to pay a blood test fee and associated medical costs, whether or not the result of that blood test establishes that the person has committed an offence against this Act.
(1E)
An enforcement officer who requires a person to permit the taking of a blood specimen under subsection (1)(c) or (d) must advise the person that the person may be liable to pay a blood test fee and associated medical costs, whether or not the result of the blood test establishes that the person has committed an offence against this Act.
(1F)
An enforcement officer who requires a person to permit the taking of a blood specimen under subsection (1)(e), (f), (g), or (h) must advise the person, without delay, that the person may be liable to pay a blood test fee and associated medical costs if the result of the blood test establishes that the person has committed an offence against section 57A(1), 57B(1), or 57C(1) or an infringement offence against section 57A(2), 57B(2), or 57C(2).
(2)
A person who has been required by an enforcement officer under subsection (1) to permit the taking of a blood specimen must, without delay after being requested to do so by a health practitioner or medical officer, permit that practitioner or medical officer to take a blood specimen from that person.
(3)
If it is not practicable for a blood specimen to be taken from a person by a health practitioner or medical officer at a place where the person has been required under this section to permit the taking of a blood specimen, the person must accompany an enforcement officer to any other place where it is likely that a blood specimen can be taken from the person by a health practitioner or medical officer if the officer requires the person to do so.
(4)
If a blood specimen taken under this section is insufficient for the purposes of the relevant blood specimen collecting procedure,—
(a)
the person from whom the specimen was taken must permit a health practitioner or medical officer to take a further blood specimen immediately after being requested to do so by the health practitioner or medical officer; and
(b)
a further blood specimen so taken is to be treated as part of the original blood specimen taken from the person.
(5)
An enforcement officer may arrest a person without warrant if the person—
(a)
fails or refuses to accompany an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under this section; or
(b)
having accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under this section, fails or refuses to remain at that place until requested by a health practitioner or medical officer to permit a blood specimen to be taken under this section.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58C
Section 72 heading: amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(1): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(1): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 72(1)(b): amended, on 29 December 2001, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 72(1)(d)(i): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(1)(d)(i): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 72(1)(d)(ii): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(1)(d)(ii): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 16(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 72(1)(d)(ii): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 72(1)(e): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 72(1)(f): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 72(1)(g): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1)(g): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 72(1)(h): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1AA): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 72(1A): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 16(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 72(1A): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1B): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 16(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 72(1B): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 72(1B): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1B): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1C): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 16(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 72(1C): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 72(1C): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1D): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 72(1E): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 72(1E): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(1F): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 22(5) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 72(2): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(2): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 72(3): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(3): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 72(4): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 33(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 72(4)(a): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(4)(a): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 33(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 72(4)(a): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 72(5)(b): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 11(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 72(5)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
73 Who must give blood specimen in hospital or medical centre
(1)
A person who is under examination, care, or treatment in a hospital or medical centre must permit a blood specimen to be taken from the person by—
(a)
the health practitioner who is in immediate charge of the examination, care, or treatment of the person; or
(b)
another health practitioner or a medical officer.
(2)
If a person under examination, care, or treatment in a hospital or medical centre is unconscious, a blood specimen may be taken from the person under this section by—
(a)
the health practitioner who is in immediate charge of the examination, care, or treatment of the person; or
(b)
another health practitioner or a medical officer.
(3)
The health practitioner who is in immediate charge of the examination, care, or treatment of the person in a hospital or medical centre—
(a)
may take a blood specimen or cause a blood specimen to be taken by another health practitioner or a medical officer; and
(b)
must either take a blood specimen or cause a blood specimen to be taken by another health practitioner or a medical officer, if an enforcement officer requests him or her to do so,—
whether or not the person has consented to the taking of the specimen and whether or not the person is capable of giving consent.
(4)
If the specimen originally taken is insufficient for the purposes of the relevant blood specimen collecting procedure, the health practitioner who is in immediate charge of the examination, care, or treatment of the person may take or cause to be taken by another health practitioner or a medical officer a further blood specimen (which further specimen is for the purposes of this Act to be treated as a part of the original blood specimen taken from the person), whether or not the person has consented to the taking of the specimen and whether or not the person is capable of giving consent.
(5)
Despite subsection (3), a blood specimen may be taken under any provision of this section only if the health practitioner—
(a)
has reasonable grounds to suspect that the person is in the hospital or medical centre as a result of—
(i)
an accident or incident involving a motor vehicle:
(ii)
an injury or a medical condition arising subsequent to an accident or incident involving a motor vehicle; and
(b)
has examined the person and is satisfied that the taking of the blood specimen would not be prejudicial to the person’s proper care or treatment; and
(c)
tells the person (unless the person is unconscious) that the blood specimen is being or was taken under this section for evidential purposes.
(6)
If a blood specimen is taken under this section from a person who is unconscious, the health practitioner or medical officer who took the specimen must notify the person in writing as soon as practicable that the specimen was taken under this section for evidential purposes.
(7)
No civil or criminal proceedings may be taken against the Crown, Health New Zealand, or any other person in respect of the taking of a blood specimen under this section, or in respect of the sending of a blood specimen to an approved laboratory, on the ground of lack of consent of a person whose consent to the taking of the blood specimen would have been otherwise required by law if this section had not been enacted.
(8)
Nothing in subsection (7) applies to any proceeding on the ground of any negligent act or omission in the taking of a blood specimen.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58D
Section 73 heading: amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(1): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(1)(a): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(1)(a): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(1)(b): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(1)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(2): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(3)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(2)(a): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(3)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(2)(a): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(2)(b): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(3)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(2)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(3): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(4)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(3): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(4)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(3): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(3)(a): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(4)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(3)(a): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 34(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 73(3)(a): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(3)(b): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(4)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(3)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(4): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(4): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 34(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 73(4): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(5): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(5): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 34(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 73(5): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 37(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 73(5): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 37(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 73(5): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 73(5)(a): substituted, on 1 November 2009, by section 17 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 73(5)(a): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(6): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 12(8) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 73(7): amended, on 1 July 2022, by section 104 of the Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Act 2022 (2022 No 30).
Section 73(7): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 34(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 73(7): amended, on 1 January 2001, by section 111(1) of the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (2000 No 91).
73A Purposes for which blood specimen taken under section 72 or 73 may be used as evidence
(1)
Evidence of alcohol or evidence of use of any 1 or more qualifying drugs in a blood specimen taken under section 72 or 73 may be used as evidence in a prosecution for any offence under this Act (see also sections 77(2) and 77A(1), which specify presumptions for the purposes of this Act relating to drug testing and alcohol testing).
(2)
None of the following may be used as evidence of the use of a controlled drug in a prosecution for an offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975:
(a)
a positive result of an oral fluid screening test taken under any of sections 71A to 71C:
(b)
a positive result of an analysis of an oral fluid sample carried out by an approved analyst under section 71DG:
(c)
a blood specimen taken under section 72 or 73.
Section 73A: replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 23 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 73A(2): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 31 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
74 Procedure for dealing with blood specimens
(1)
A blood specimen taken under section 72 or 73 must be dealt with in accordance with the relevant blood specimen collecting procedure.
(2)
[Repealed](3)
In the case of a blood specimen taken under section 72, an enforcement officer must, within 7 days after the date on which the specimen was taken, deliver or cause to be delivered (whether by courier or otherwise), or post or cause to be posted, the blood specimen to an approved laboratory for its analysis and custody in accordance with the relevant blood specimen collecting procedure.
(4)
In the case of a blood specimen taken under section 73, the health practitioner or medical officer by whom the specimen was taken must,—
(a)
within 7 days after the date on which the specimen was taken, deliver or cause to be delivered (whether by courier or otherwise), or post or cause to be posted, the blood specimen to an approved laboratory for its analysis and custody in accordance with the relevant blood specimen collecting procedure; and
(b)
if, at the time the blood specimen is taken, there is more than 1 approved laboratory, give the Commissioner a written notification—
(i)
identifying the approved laboratory to whom the blood specimen was (or is being) delivered or posted; and
(ii)
naming the person from whom the blood specimen was taken.
(5)
If a person from whom a blood specimen was taken wishes to have the specimen analysed by a private analyst,—
(a)
the person (or the person’s solicitor or counsel) may apply to the Commissioner in accordance with subsection (7); and
(b)
if the application complies with subsection (7),—
(i)
the Commissioner, or a person authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner, must forward a copy of the application to the approved laboratory to whom the blood specimen taken from the person was delivered or posted under subsection (3) or subsection (4); and
(ii)
that laboratory must send by post, personal delivery, or delivery by courier the blood specimen, held for the purpose, to the private analyst specified in the application.
(6)
If an application under subsection (5) does not comply with subsection (7), the Commissioner or authorised person may refuse to forward a copy of the application to the approved laboratory.
(7)
An application under subsection (5)(a) must—
(a)
be made in writing to the Commissioner not later than 28 days after—
(i)
the date on which a summons in respect of an offence against this Act (which offence is an offence arising out of the circumstances in respect of which the blood specimen was taken) is served on the defendant; or
(ii)
if the defendant is arrested under a warrant under section 34 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 in respect of any such offence, the date on which the defendant is so arrested; or
(iia)
in the case of an infringement offence, the date on which the defendant is served with an infringement notice in respect of the infringement offence; or
(iii)
in any case to which subparagraph (i), (ii), or (iia) does not apply, the date on which the defendant is first charged in court with any such offence; and
(b)
state the full name and address and the occupation of the person and the date of the alleged offence; and
(c)
identify the private analyst to whom the blood specimen is to be sent and the address of the private analyst.
(8)
A blood specimen sent to an approved laboratory under subsection (3) or subsection (4) may be destroyed at any time later than 1 year after the date the specimen was so sent.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58F
Section 74(1): substituted, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(2): repealed, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(3): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 65(1) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 74(3): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(4): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 74(4): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 74(4)(a): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 65(2) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 74(4)(a): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(4)(b): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(4)(b)(i): substituted, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(5)(b)(i): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(5)(b)(ii): substituted, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(5)(b)(ii): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 65(3) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 74(6): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 74(7)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 74(7)(a)(iia): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 12 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 74(7)(a)(iii): replaced, on 1 December 2014, by section 12 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 74(7)(c): amended, on 26 March 2015, by section 4 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 17).
Section 74(8): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 35(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Subpart 5—Evidential provisions
Subpart 5 heading: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 32 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Evidential provisions[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 32 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
75 Certificates in blood-alcohol and drug-driving proceedings
(1)
Except as provided in section 79, production of a certificate to which this section applies in proceedings for an offence against this Part is sufficient evidence, in the absence of proof to the contrary, of such of the matters as are stated in the certificate and of the sufficiency of the authority and qualifications of the person by whom the certificate is made and, in the case of a certificate referred to in subsection (5), of the person who carried out the analysis.
(2)
This section applies to a certificate purporting to be signed by a health practitioner or medical officer and certifying that—
(a)
a specimen of venous blood was taken by the practitioner or medical officer in accordance with the blood specimen collecting procedure specified in the certificate from a person named in the certificate; and
(b)
for the purposes of the specified blood specimen collecting procedure,—
(i)
the specimen was sufficient; or
(ii)
the specimen was insufficient and the practitioner or medical officer took a further specimen; and
(c)
in accordance with the specified blood specimen collecting procedure, the practitioner or medical officer kept the specimen in the appropriate container or containers (as applicable); and
(d)
each such container was received by the practitioner or medical officer in a sealed blood specimen collecting kit; and
(e)
the practitioner or medical officer handed each such container to an enforcement officer named in the certificate.
(3)
This section also applies to a certificate purporting to be signed by a health practitioner and certifying that—
(a)
the person named in the certificate was in a hospital or medical centre; and
(b)
the practitioner, being a health practitioner in immediate charge of the examination, care, or treatment of that person, took a blood specimen or caused a blood specimen to be taken by any other health practitioner or any medical officer from the person under section 73; and
(c)
the practitioner has reasonable grounds to suspect that the person is in the hospital or medical centre as a result of—
(i)
an accident or incident involving a motor vehicle:
(ii)
an injury or a medical condition arising subsequent to an accident or incident involving a motor vehicle; and
(d)
before taking the blood specimen or causing the blood specimen to be taken from the person, the practitioner examined the person and was satisfied that the taking of the blood specimen would not be prejudicial to the person’s proper care or treatment; and
(e)
the practitioner either—
(i)
told the person that the blood specimen was being or had been taken under section 73 for evidential purposes; or
(ii)
if the person was unconscious when the specimen was taken, notified the person in writing as soon as practicable that the blood specimen was taken under section 73 for evidential purposes.
(4)
This section also applies to a certificate purporting to be signed by a health practitioner or medical officer and certifying—
(a)
all the matters referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (2); and
(b)
that the practitioner or medical officer sent or caused to be sent by post, personal delivery, or delivery by courier, on a specified date, the specimen to a specified approved laboratory in accordance with section 74; and
(c)
that, if at the time the blood specimen was taken more than 1 approved laboratory exists, the practitioner or medical officer has notified the Commissioner in writing of the approved laboratory to which the specimen was delivered or posted.
(5)
This section also applies to a certificate purporting to be signed by an approved analyst and certifying that—
(a)
a blood specimen in a sealed container was, on a specified date, delivered to an approved analyst (or a person employed by an approved laboratory and approved for the purpose by an approved analyst) for analysis, and was delivered by post or personal delivery or delivery by courier; and
(b)
on analysis of the blood specimen by an analyst specified in the certificate, the presence or a specified proportion of alcohol or of a drug, or both (as the case may be), was found in the specimen; and
(c)
no such deterioration or congealing was found as would prevent a proper analysis.
(6)
This section also applies to a certificate purporting to be signed by an approved analyst and certifying that, following an application under section 74, a blood specimen was posted to a specified private analyst by post, personal delivery, or delivery by courier, and addressed to the private analyst at the address given in the application.
(7)
For the purposes of this section, it is not necessary for the person making a certificate to specify his or her entitlement to give the certificate if the certificate indicates that the person belongs to the general category of persons who may make such a certificate.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58G
Section 75 heading: amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 24 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 75(2): substituted, on 5 November 2011, by section 36(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 75(2): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 14(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 75(3): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 14(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 75(3): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 75(3)(a): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 14(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 75(3)(b): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 14(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 75(3)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 75(3)(c): substituted, on 5 November 2011, by section 36(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 75(3)(c): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 14(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 75(4): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 75(4): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 75(4)(b): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 66(1) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 75(4)(b): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 36(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 75(4)(b): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 75(4)(c): substituted, on 5 November 2011, by section 36(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 75(5)(a): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 66(2) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 75(5)(a): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 36(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 75(5)(b): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 19 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 75(6): amended, on 30 November 2022, by section 66(3) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75).
Section 75(6): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 36(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
75A Certificates of compliance for evidential breath-testing devices
(1)
An evidential breath-testing device must be supported by a certificate of compliance given under this section by a person authorised for the purpose by the Science Minister.
(2)
At any trial for an offence involving excess breath alcohol recorded by the device (being an offence committed on or after the commencement of this section), the prosecution must produce to the court a certified copy of the certificate of compliance. The certification must be given by a person authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner and must state that the copy is a true copy of the original certificate.
(3)
Subject to subsection (4), a certificate of compliance or a certified copy of it that is produced under subsection (2) is for all purposes conclusive evidence of the matters stated in the certificate, and neither the matters stated in the certificate nor the manufacturer’s specifications for the device concerned may be challenged, called into question, or put in issue in any proceedings in respect of an offence involving excess breath alcohol recorded by the device.
(4)
In the absence of proof to the contrary, a document purporting to be a certificate of compliance or a certified copy of a certificate of compliance—
(a)
must be treated as such a certificate or certified copy; and
(b)
is conclusive evidence of the sufficiency of the authority of the person who signed the document.
(5)
After consultation with the Minister and the Minister of Justice, the Minister of Police must, by notice, specify for each kind of evidential breath-testing device the matters that are required to be stated in a certificate of compliance.
(6)
Without limiting subsection (5),—
(a)
in the case of any kind of evidential breath-testing device approved after the commencement of this section, the notice under subsection (5) must be given in conjunction with the notice approving that kind of device:
(b)
a notice under subsection (5) must specify the maximum period of service for the relevant kind of device, and must require a certificate of compliance to specify the date on which that period began or begins:
(c)
a notice under subsection (5) must specify the maximum period permitted between the date on which a certificate of compliance is issued and the date by which a test result must be obtained, and must require a certificate of compliance to specify the date on which the certificate of compliance was issued:
(d)
a notice under subsection (5) must require a certificate of compliance to include a statement to the effect that the device is being maintained within the manufacturer’s specifications.
(7)
A notice under subsection (5) is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 75A: inserted, on 29 December 2001, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 75A(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 75A(5): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 75A(7): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
76 Presumptions relating to blood specimens
(1)
In proceedings for an offence against this Act it is to be presumed, in the absence of proof to the contrary, that,—
(a)
if a certificate referred to in section 75 names a person having the same name, address, and occupation as the defendant as the person from whom the specimen of blood was taken, the specimen was taken from the defendant:
(b)
every approved analyst who signed a certificate referred to in section 75(5) was duly authorised to sign it:
(c)
if the container in which a blood specimen (or part of a blood specimen) was placed was received by a health practitioner or medical officer in a sealed blood specimen collecting kit, the container contained a substance (whether or not a combination or mixture of 2 or more substances) and that substance was a preservative and anti-coagulant.
(2)
On the request of a person from whom a blood specimen has been taken under section 72 or section 73, or of the person’s solicitor or counsel, copies of any certificates referred to in subsection (1) that relate to that blood specimen must be supplied by the prosecutor to the person making the request.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58G
Section 76(1)(c): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 76(1)(c): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 37 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 76(1)(c): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
77 Presumptions relating to alcohol-testing
(1)
For the purposes of proceedings for an offence against this Act arising out of the circumstances in respect of which an evidential breath test was undergone by the defendant, it is to be conclusively presumed that the proportion of alcohol in the defendant’s breath at the time of the alleged offence was the same as the proportion of alcohol in the defendant’s breath indicated by the test.
(2)
For the purposes of proceedings for an offence against this Act arising out of the circumstances in respect of which a blood specimen was taken from the defendant under section 72 or section 73, it is to be conclusively presumed that the proportion of alcohol in the defendant’s blood at the time of the alleged offence was the same as the proportion of alcohol in the blood specimen taken from the defendant.
(3)
Except as provided in subsections (3B) and (4), the result of a positive evidential breath test is not admissible in evidence in proceedings for an offence against any of sections 56 to 62 if—
(a)
the person who underwent the test is not advised by an enforcement officer, without delay after the result of the test is ascertained,—
(i)
that the test was positive; and
(ii)
of the consequences specified in subsection (3A), so far as applicable, if he or she does not request a blood test within 10 minutes; or
(b)
the person who underwent the test—
(i)
advises an enforcement officer, within 10 minutes of being advised of the matters specified in paragraph (a), that the person wishes to undergo a blood test; and
(ii)
complies with section 72(2).
(3A)
The consequences referred to in subsection (3)(a)(ii) are—
(a)
that the positive test could of itself be conclusive evidence to lead to that person’s conviction for an offence against this Act if—
(i)
the test indicates that the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath exceeds 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(ii)
the person is younger than 20 and the proportion of alcohol in the person’s breath exceeds 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(iii)
the person holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence:
(b)
that the positive test could of itself be conclusive evidence that the person has committed an infringement offence against this Act if the person is younger than 20 and the test indicates that the person’s breath contains alcohol but the proportion of alcohol does not exceed 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(3B)
Subsection (3) does not apply if the result of a positive evidential breath test indicates that the proportion of alcohol in a person’s breath (other than a person who is apparently younger than 20 or who holds an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence) exceeds 250 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath, but does not exceed 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath.
(4)
Subsection (3)(a) does not apply if the person who underwent the test fails or refuses to remain at the place where the person underwent the test until the person can be advised of the result of the test.
(5)
[Repealed](6)
If it is proved in proceedings for an offence against section 60 that the defendant failed or refused to comply with section 13 without reasonable cause, that failure or refusal may be treated as supporting any evidence given on behalf of the prosecution, or as rebutting any evidence given on behalf of the defendant, concerning the defendant’s condition at the time of the alleged offence.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58(4), (5), (6)
Section 77(3): replaced, on 1 December 2014, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 77(3A): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 77(3B): inserted, on 1 December 2014, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 77(5): repealed, on 29 December 2001, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
77A Presumptions relating to drug testing
(1)
For the purposes of proceedings for an offence against this Act arising out of the circumstances in respect of which a blood specimen was taken from the defendant under section 72 or 73, it is to be conclusively presumed that the proportion of a qualifying drug in the defendant’s blood at the time of the alleged offence was the same as the proportion of the qualifying drug in the blood specimen taken from the defendant.
(2)
For the purposes of proceedings for an infringement offence against section 57A(3), 57B(3), 57C(3), or 57C(4), it is to be conclusively presumed in the absence of proof to the contrary that a person’s oral fluid contains a listed qualifying drug if analysis carried out by an approved analyst indicates that the person’s oral fluid sample is positive for the drug.
(3)
[Repealed](4)
[Repealed](5)
The result of analysis of an oral fluid sample carried out by an approved analyst is not admissible in evidence in proceedings for any offence against this Act other than an offence under section 57A(3), 57B(3), 57C(3), or 57C(4).
(6)
If it is proved in proceedings for an offence against section 60 that the defendant failed or refused to comply with section 13 without reasonable cause, that failure or refusal may be treated as supporting any evidence given on behalf of the prosecution, or as rebutting any evidence given on behalf of the defendant, concerning the defendant’s condition at the time of the alleged offence.
Section 77A: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 25 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 77A(2): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 33(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 77A(3): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 33(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 77A(4): repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 33(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 77A(5): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 33(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
78 Presumptions as to age of driver
If a certificate referred to in section 143 is produced in proceedings for an offence against this Part involving a person who is apparently younger than 20, it is to be presumed, in the absence of proof to the contrary, that the date stated in the certificate as being the date of birth of the person to whom the certificate relates is accurate.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58G(5)
79 Circumstances in which certificate not admissible in proceedings
(1)
No certificate referred to in subsection (2) or subsection (3) or subsection (4) of section 75 (which certificates relate to the taking of a blood specimen by a health practitioner or medical officer) is admissible in evidence in proceedings for an offence against this Act if the court, on application made by the defendant not less than 14 days before the hearing, orders that the health practitioner or medical officer who gave the certificate ought to appear as a witness at the hearing.
(2)
No certificate referred to in section 75(5) (which certificate is given by an approved analyst and relates to the presence or proportion of alcohol, a drug, or both, found to be in a blood specimen) is admissible in evidence in proceedings for an offence against this Act if—
(a)
application has been made in accordance with section 74 for the blood specimen to be sent to a private analyst; and
(b)
the specimen has not been sent to the private analyst in compliance with the application;—
but this subsection does not apply in respect of a specimen destroyed under the authority of section 74(8) before the date of the application.
(3)
No certificate referred to in subsection (5) or subsection (6) of section 75 (which certificate is given by an approved analyst and relates to the presence or proportion of alcohol, a drug, or both, in a blood specimen, or to the sending of a specimen to a private analyst) is admissible in evidence in proceedings for an offence against this Act if the court, on application made by the defendant not less than 14 days before the hearing, orders that,—
(a)
in the case of a certificate referred to in that subsection (5), the person who made the analysis or the approved analyst who gave the certificate ought to appear as a witness at the hearing; or
(b)
in the case of a certificate referred to in that subsection (6), the person who posted or delivered the specimen, or the person who gave the specimen to the courier, or the approved analyst who gave the certificate ought to appear as a witness at the hearing.
(4)
The court may not make an order under subsection (3) unless the application made by the defendant under that subsection is accompanied by an affidavit, sworn by the private analyst who is specified in the defendant’s application under section 74, to the effect that,—
(a)
since the date given to the private analyst as the date on which application was made under section 74 for the sending to the analyst of a blood specimen relating to the defendant, the analyst has not received any such specimen; or
(b)
the blood specimen received by the private analyst relating to the defendant—
(i)
was not suitable for analysis; or
(ii)
was suitable for analysis but, for specified reasons, that analysis was not carried out; or
(iii)
was suitable for analysis and that analysis was carried out but, for specified reasons, the results of the analysis are not available; or
(c)
the blood specimen received by the private analyst relating to the defendant has been analysed and found to contain, in the case of a certificate that certified the presence of or a specified proportion of alcohol,—
(i)
in the case of a defendant who (at the time of the commission of the offence) was younger than 20 or held an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence, no alcohol; or
(ii)
in any other case, not more than 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(d)
the blood specimen received by the private analyst relating to the defendant has been analysed and found to contain, in the case of a certificate that certified the presence of or a specified proportion of alcohol, 20 milligrams or more of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood more or less than the proportion of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood specified in the certificate referred to in section 75(5); or
(e)
the blood specimen received by the private analyst relating to the defendant has been analysed and found to contain,—
(i)
if a certificate certified that there is evidence of use of a listed qualifying drug, a blood concentration level equal to or less than the tolerance level for the drug; or
(ii)
if a certificate certified that there is evidence of use of an unlisted qualifying drug, no presence of the qualifying drug.
(5)
Where a blood specimen is destroyed in accordance with section 74(8), that act does not affect the admissibility in proceedings of a certificate given in respect of the specimen by an approved analyst for the purposes of this Act.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58H
Section 79(1): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 16 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 79(1): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 79(2): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 20(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 79(2)(a): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 39(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79(2)(b): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 39(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79(3): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 39(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79(3): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 79(3)(b): amended, on 5 November 2011, by section 39(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79(4)(c): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 79(4)(d): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 79(4)(e): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Part 6A Offences relating to transport services and penalties
Part 6A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79A Offence to carry on transport service without licence
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person carries on (or, in relation to a small passenger service operator, facilitates) any transport service without the appropriate current licence.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
(3)
A person who is convicted of a second or subsequent offence against subsection (1) is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $25,000 and the court may, if it thinks appropriate, order any or every transport service vehicle used under the transport service to be immediately impounded and held at a location that the Director specifies, at the expense of the convicted person (which is in addition to the fine and any other costs (if any) ordered by the court), for a period specified by the court that does not exceed 90 days.
(4)
Any fees and charges incurred with respect to an impoundment under subsection (3) are recoverable from the convicted person by the vehicle recovery service operator or storage provider.
(5)
Nothing in subsection (4) limits or affects any rights against the owner of the vehicle, or in respect of the vehicle, that may be exercised by the vehicle recovery service operator or storage provider.
(6)
A person may not remove or release from storage an impounded motor vehicle, unless allowed to do so under this Act.
(7)
The storage provider must immediately comply with a direction under this Act to release the vehicle to the owner or a person authorised for the purpose by the owner.
(8)
The Director, or a person authorised for the purpose by the Director, may enter into such arrangements with vehicle recovery service operators and storage providers as the Director considers necessary for the purposes of this section.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 5(2), (5), (6)
Section 79A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79A(1): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 79(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 79A(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 64(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 79A(3): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 79(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 79A(3): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 79A(8): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 64(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 79A(8): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
79AB Offence to drive vehicle used in transport service without licence
(1)
A transport service driver commits an offence if the driver uses a vehicle in a transport service and there is no relevant transport service licence held by any of the following:
(a)
the driver:
(b)
a transport service operator on whose behalf the driver is driving:
(c)
a facilitator who facilitated the driver to connect with passengers of the service.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Section 79AB: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 80 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
79B Provision of incorrect information
A licence holder or person having control of a transport service who notifies the Director that the licence holder or person holds the appropriate certificate, knowing that the information is incorrect or being reckless as to whether or not it is correct, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 18(6)
Section 79B: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79B: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 65 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 79B: amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
79C Failure to present vehicle for inspection
(1)
A transport service licence holder commits an offence if the holder fails to present a transport service vehicle used in the service for inspection when required to do so by the Director.
(1A)
A driver of a small passenger service vehicle commits an offence if the driver fails to present the vehicle for inspection when required to do so by the Director.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Section 79C: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79C(1): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 81 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 79C(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 66 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 79C(1A): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 81 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 79C(1A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 66 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
79D Contravention of section 30K
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person applies for a transport service licence while disqualified from holding or obtaining a transport service licence.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against subsection (1),—
(a)
the maximum penalty is imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $4,500; and
(b)
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a transport service licence for 6 months or more.
(3)
The imposition of a mandatory disqualification under this section is subject, with all necessary modifications, to the criteria specified in section 81.
Section 79D: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79E Liability of persons who use unlicensed transport service
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person uses a transport service and knows or ought reasonably to know that, at the time the person used the transport service,—
(a)
the operator of the transport service did not hold an appropriate transport service licence; or
(b)
the operator of the transport service was disqualified from holding or obtaining a transport service licence; or
(c)
the transport service licence of the operator was suspended or revoked.
(1A)
Subsection (1) does not apply to an enforcement officer acting in the performance or intended performance of the officer’s official duties as an employee or agent of the Agency.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $25,000.
Section 79E: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79E(1A): inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 82 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
79F Contravention of section 30M
(1)
A person who holds a goods service licence commits an offence if the person fails to comply with or contravenes any condition imposed in respect of the holder’s licence under section 30M.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $10,000.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 8(4)
Section 79F: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79G Contravention of section 87G
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person, having been prohibited under section 87G(1)(b) from driving a transport service vehicle, drives during the currency of the prohibition any vehicle being used in a transport service (other than a rental service) or a specified class of transport service.
(2)
A person commits an offence if the person, having been prohibited under section 87G(1)(c) from carrying out duties or activities of a driving instructor or testing officer, does so during the currency of the prohibition.
(3)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsections (1) and (2) is a fine not exceeding $2,000 and disqualification from holding or obtaining a driver licence for such period (if any) as the court thinks fit.
(4)
A person commits an offence if the person applies for or obtains a driver licence, other than a driver licence that relates principally to the use of private motor vehicles, while the person is disqualified under section 87G(1)(a) from obtaining the licence.
(5)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (4) is a fine not exceeding $500.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 17(3)–(5)
Section 79G: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79H Contravention of section 128A
(1)
A person who holds a small passenger service licence or a driver of a small passenger service vehicle commits an offence if the person or the driver acts in contravention of or fails to comply with any direction given by an enforcement officer under section 128A.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 37(3)
Section 79H: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79H(1): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 83 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
79HA Failure to keep or produce records
(1)
A person commits an offence if the person fails or refuses to comply with any of the requirements of section 30Q.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $100,000.
Section 79HA: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 84 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
79I Contravention of section 128B
(1)
A person who holds a vehicle recovery service licence or a driver of a vehicle recovery service vehicle commits an offence if the person or the driver acts in contravention of or fails to comply with any direction given by an enforcement officer under section 128B.
(2)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 38(3)
Section 79I: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79J Liability of employers and principal
If an offence is committed against this Part by a person as the employee, agent, or contractor of another person, that offence must be treated as having been committed by both persons, whether or not it was done with the other person’s knowledge or approval, if it is proved that—
(a)
the other person—
(i)
knew, or could reasonably be expected to have known, that the offence was to be, or was being, committed; and
(ii)
failed to take the steps that were reasonably practicable to prevent the commission of the offence; and
(b)
the other person failed to take the steps that were reasonable in the circumstances to remedy the effects of the act or omission that gave rise to the offence.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 5(3)
Section 79J: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79K Liability of directors of bodies corporate
If a body corporate is convicted of an offence against this Part, every director of the body corporate also commits the offence and is liable to the same penalty if it is proved that—
(a)
the act or omission that constituted the offence took place with his or her express or implied authority; and
(b)
he or she failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop that act, or remedy that omission.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 5(4)
Section 79K: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79L Court may require convicted transport service licence holder to sit examination
The court may require a transport service licence holder to sit, or re-sit, the Certificate of Knowledge of Law and Practice examination if the transport service licence holder is convicted of—
(a)
an offence under this Part or any regulations pertaining to the operation of a licensed transport service; or
(b)
any other offence under this Act that is applicable to a vehicle used in a licensed transport service.
Section 79L: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79M Penalties for failure to pay service fares, etc
(1)
A person who fails to pay a passenger service fare that the person is liable to pay commits an infringement offence.
(2)
A person commits an infringement offence if, in relation to a public transport service fare that the person is liable to pay, the person—
(a)
fails to pay the fare; or
(b)
fails to provide (in response to an enforcement officer’s direction given in accordance with section 128F(1)) evidence of having paid the fare.
(3)
A person commits an offence if, in relation to a public transport service fare that the person is liable to pay, the person—
(a)
fails to provide (in response to an enforcement officer’s direction given in accordance with section 128F(2)(a)) the identifying particulars referred to in section 128F(2)(a); or
(b)
boards, or fails or refuses to disembark, the public transport service in contravention of an enforcement officer’s direction given in accordance with section 128F(2)(b).
(4)
It is a defence to an offence against subsection (1) or (2)(a) or (b) if a person made reasonable attempts to pay the fare and there were no available means of paying.
(5)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (1) or (2)(a) or (b) is a fine not exceeding $500.
(6)
The maximum penalty on conviction for an offence against subsection (3)(a) or (b) is a fine not exceeding $1,000.
(7)
For the purposes of this section, public transport service has the same meaning as in section 5 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003.
Section 79M: replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 37 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Part 6B Offences relating to work time and logbooks
Part 6B: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Subpart 1—Work time
Subpart 1: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79N Failure to keep or produce records or comply with conditions of exemption or approval
Every person commits an offence who fails or refuses to comply with any of the requirements of section 30ZD or the conditions of any exemption granted or approval given under section 30ZA(1)(a) or (c), and is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of a driver, to a fine not exceeding $2,000, and the person may, for a period of 1 calendar month or such greater period as the court thinks fit, be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive any vehicle that—
(i)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(ii)
is used in the relevant transport service; or
(iii)
is used to carry goods for hire or reward; or
(b)
in any other case, to a fine not exceeding $100,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70B(7)
Section 79N: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79N(a): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 40(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79N(a)(i): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 40(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79N(a)(ii): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 40(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
79O Failure to comply with prescribed work time restrictions or rest time requirements
Every person commits an offence who fails to comply with any work time restrictions or rest time requirements prescribed in this Act or the rules, and is liable on conviction to,—
(a)
in the case of a person exceeding the work time restrictions or failing to comply with the rest time requirements by less than 60 minutes in a cumulative work day or less than 120 minutes in a cumulative work period, a fine not exceeding $2,000, and, as the court thinks fit,—
(i)
the person may, for a period of 1 calendar month or any greater period that the court thinks fit, be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive any vehicle that—
(A)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(B)
is used in the relevant transport service; or
(C)
is used to carry goods for hire or reward; or
(ii)
the person must complete a work time and log-book course approved by the Director:
(b)
in the case of a person exceeding the work time restrictions or failing to comply with the rest time requirements by 60 minutes or more in a cumulative work day, a fine not exceeding $2,000, and the person must, for a period of 1 calendar month or any greater period that the court thinks fit, be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive any vehicle that—
(i)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(ii)
is used in the relevant transport service; or
(iii)
is used to carry goods for hire or reward; or
(c)
in the case of a person exceeding the work time restrictions or failing to comply with the rest time requirements by 120 minutes or more in a cumulative work period, a fine not exceeding $2,000, and the person must, for a period of 1 calendar month or any greater period that the court thinks fit, be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive any vehicle that—
(i)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(ii)
is used in the relevant transport service; or
(iii)
is used to carry goods for hire or reward.
Section 79O: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79O(a): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 66).
Section 79O(a)(i): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(a)(i)(A): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(a)(i)(B): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 67 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 79O(b): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(b)(i): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(b)(ii): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(c): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(c)(i): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79O(c)(ii): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 41(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
79P Defences to work time offences
(1)
It is a defence in any proceedings for an offence under this subpart if the defendant proves that the failure to comply with subpart 1 of Part 4B was due to unavoidable delay in the completion of any journey arising out of—
(a)
circumstances that could not reasonably have been foreseen by the defendant; or
(b)
an emergency.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1), emergency means—
(a)
a state of emergency declared under the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002; or
(b)
an incident attended by an emergency service; or
(c)
an event requiring immediate action to save life or prevent serious injury.
(3)
It is not a defence in any proceedings for an offence against section 79O that a continuous period of rest time of at least 10 hours was taken before the commencement of the work time to which the relevant cumulative work day relates.
(4)
It is not a defence in any proceedings for an offence against section 79O that a continuous period of rest time of at least 24 hours was taken before the commencement of the first cumulative work day to which the relevant cumulative work period relates.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70B(8)
Section 79P: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79P(3): added, on 7 August 2011, by section 42 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79P(4): added, on 7 August 2011, by section 42 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
79PA Matters to be taken into account in imposing penalty for offence against section 79O
In determining the penalty to be imposed for an offence against section 79O, the court must take into account each of the following:
(a)
the cumulative effect of abbreviated, broken, or omitted periods of rest time:
(b)
the accumulated hours of work time:
(c)
the degree of risk to the public.
Section 79PA: inserted, on 7 August 2011, by section 43 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Subpart 2—Logbooks
Subpart 2: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79Q Failure to discharge duties regarding logbooks
Every person who fails or refuses to comply with any requirement of or demand made under section 30ZH commits an offence and is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of a driver, to a fine not exceeding $2,000, and the person may, for a period of 1 calendar month or any greater period that the court thinks fit, be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive any vehicle that—
(i)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(ii)
is used in the relevant transport service; or
(iii)
is—
(A)
a heavy motor vehicle; and
(B)
used to carry goods for hire or reward:
(b)
in any other case, to a fine not exceeding $25,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70C(8)
Section 79Q: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79Q(a): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 44(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79Q(a)(i): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 44(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79Q(a)(ii): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 44(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
79R Offences and proceedings concerning logbooks
(1)
Every person commits an offence who—
(a)
maintains a logbook under section 30ZF while maintaining another logbook under that section; or
(b)
makes or causes to be made any false statement in a logbook or allows any omission to occur in the logbook.
(2)
Every person commits an offence who, being the driver of a vehicle to which section 30ZF or section 30ZG applies,—
(a)
on demand by an enforcement officer fails to produce without delay all logbooks that are so demanded; or
(b)
on demand by an enforcement officer produces any logbook that is false in a material particular, whether or not the driver knows of the falsehood; or
(c)
on demand by an enforcement officer produces any logbook—
(i)
that omits a material particular, whether or not the driver knows of the omission; or
(ii)
in which any material particular is entered illegibly or in such a manner that the matters specified in the rules cannot be readily ascertained.
(3)
Every person, not being the driver of the vehicle, commits an offence where the person requires, directs, or allows a vehicle to which section 30ZF or section 30ZG applies to be used and—
(a)
a logbook is not maintained in respect of the driving of that vehicle, whether or not the person knows that a logbook is not maintained; or
(b)
the logbook maintained in respect of the driving of that vehicle is false in a material particular, whether or not the person knows of the falsehood; or
(c)
the logbook maintained in respect of the driving of that vehicle omits a material particular, whether or not the person knows of the omission.
(4)
Every person who commits an offence against this section is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of a driver to a fine not exceeding $2,000, and the person may, for a period of 1 calendar month or any greater period that the court thinks fit, be disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence to drive any vehicle that—
(i)
requires a class 2, 3, 4, or 5 licence (as specified in the rules); or
(ii)
is used in the relevant transport service; or
(iii)
is—
(A)
a heavy motor vehicle; and
(B)
used to carry goods for hire or reward:
(b)
in any other case, to a fine not exceeding $25,000.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70D(1)–(3), (10)
Section 79R: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 79R(4)(a): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 45(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79R(4)(a)(i): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 45(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 79R(4)(a)(ii): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 45(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
79S Defences to logbook offences
(1)
It is a defence to a charge under section 79R(1) or section 79R(2) or section 79R(3) if the defendant proves that the proceedings relate to a motor vehicle or service or individual that has been exempted from the requirement to maintain a logbook under this Act, the rules, or regulations.
(2)
In the case of a defendant who was not the driver of the vehicle to which the charge relates, it is a defence to a charge under section 79R(1) or section 79R(3)(b) or section 79R(3)(c) if the defendant proves that—
(a)
reasonable steps were taken by the defendant to prevent the false statement or material omission in the logbook; and
(b)
as soon as reasonably practicable after the false statement or material omission was drawn to the person’s attention by any enforcement officer authorised to demand the production of logbooks under section 30ZH(2), the person produced to the enforcement officer a logbook containing no false statement or material omission.
(3)
Except as provided in subsection (4), subsection (2) does not apply unless within 7 days after the service of the summons, or within such further time as the court may allow, the defendant has delivered to the prosecutor a written notice—
(a)
stating that the defendant intends to rely on subsection (2); and
(b)
specifying the reasonable steps that the defendant will claim to have taken.
(4)
In any proceedings relating to a charge to which subsection (2) applies, evidence that the defendant took a step not specified in the written notice required by subsection (3) is not, except with the leave of the court, admissible for the purpose of supporting a defence under subsection (2).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70D(4)–(7)
Section 79S: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 39 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Part 6C Offences relating to chain of responsibility
Part 6C: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 40 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79T Offence to cause or require driver to breach speed limits, maximum work time, or rest time requirements
Every person commits an offence, and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $25,000, who, by act or omission, directly or indirectly causes or requires (whether or not the sole cause) a driver to—
(a)
exceed any applicable speed limit if that—
(i)
person knew, or should have known, that the speed limit would be, or would likely be, exceeded; and
(ii)
driver is a driver to whom subpart 1 of Part 4B applies; or
(b)
exceed the maximum work time prescribed in this Act or the rules if that person knew, or should have known, that the maximum work time would be, or would likely be, exceeded; or
(c)
fail to comply with the rest time requirements prescribed in this Act or the rules if that person knew, or should have known, that the rest time requirements would not be, or would likely not be, complied with; or
(d)
fail to maintain a logbook in the prescribed manner if that person knew, or should have known, that the failure to maintain the logbook would contravene subpart 2 of Part 6B.
Section 79T: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 40 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79U Offence to cause or require driver to breach maximum gross weight limits
Every person commits an offence, and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $25,000, who, by act or omission, directly or indirectly causes or requires (whether or not the sole cause) a driver to operate a vehicle or combination of vehicles in breach of the applicable maximum gross weight limits for that vehicle or combination of vehicles if that person knew, or should have known, that the breach would, or would be likely to, occur.
Section 79U: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 41 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
79V Search warrants in relation to offences against section 79T or 79U
(1)
An issuing officer (within the meaning of section 3 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012) may issue a search warrant in relation to a place, vehicle, or other thing if, on application made by a constable in the manner provided in subpart 3 of Part 4 of that Act, he or she is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds—
(a)
to suspect that an offence has been, is being, or will be committed against section 79T or 79U; and
(b)
to believe that the search will find evidential material in respect of the offence in the place, vehicle, or other thing.
(2)
The provisions of Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 apply.
(3)
Despite subsection (2), sections 118 and 119 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 apply only in respect of a constable.
Section 79V: replaced, on 26 March 2015, by section 5 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 17).
Part 7 Disqualification, demerit points, licence suspension, and vehicle impoundment
Disqualification
80 General penalty of disqualification may be imposed if offence involves road safety
(1)
If a person is convicted of an offence against this Act, and the court is satisfied that the offence relates to road safety, the court may order that the person be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for such period as the court thinks fit.
(2)
The power conferred by subsection (1) is in addition to, and does not limit, any other powers of the court.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30(1)
81 Mandatory disqualification: court’s discretion if special reasons relating to offence
(1)
If any provision of this Act (other than section 63) requires a court to disqualify a person from holding or obtaining a driver licence or transport service licence for a period not less than the specified minimum period, the court must order that the person be disqualified accordingly unless for special reasons relating to the offence it thinks fit to order otherwise.
(2)
Nothing in any provision referred to in subsection (1) or in section 65 restricts any other duty or power of the court to disqualify a person from holding or obtaining a driver licence or transport service licence or to impose any other penalty.
(3)
This section is subject to section 94 (which allows a court to substitute disqualification with a community-based sentence).
Section 81 heading: replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 28(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 81(1): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 42(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 81(2): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 42(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 81(2): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 42(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 81(3): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 28(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
82 Effect of disqualification
(1)
If a person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence, the licence is suspended while the disqualification continues in force.
(2)
If a person who holds a particular class of driver licence or a particular endorsement for a driver licence is disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence of that class or that endorsement, the authority conferred by that licence or endorsement is suspended while the disqualification continues in force.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 33(1)
82A Application for reinstatement if suspended for any period (other than under section 95), or disqualified for period not exceeding 12 months
(1)
This section applies to a person if—
(a)
the person’s driver licence is suspended for any period (other than under section 95); or
(b)
the person’s disqualification does not exceed 12 months.
(2)
If this section applies, a person’s driver licence remains of no effect when the period of suspension or disqualification ends until—
(a)
the person applies to the Director to have the licence reinstated; and
(b)
the Director reinstates, if permitted by the regulations or the rules, the person’s licence in accordance with the regulations and the rules.
Section 82A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 48(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 82A(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 68 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 82A(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 68 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
82B Transitional provision concerning application of section 82A
To avoid doubt, section 82A applies if a period of disqualification or suspension ends after the commencement of that section, even though the period of disqualification or suspension began before the commencement of that section.
Section 82B: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 48(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
82C Application for reinstatement following expiry of alcohol interlock licence or zero alcohol licence
(1)
This section applies to a person whose alcohol interlock licence or zero alcohol licence (as the case may be) has expired.
(2)
If this section applies, a person’s driver licence remains of no effect when the alcohol interlock licence or zero alcohol licence expires until—
(a)
the person applies to the Director to have the licence reinstated; and
(b)
the Director reinstates, if permitted by the regulations or the rules, the person’s licence in accordance with the regulations and the rules.
Section 82C: inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 48(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 82C(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 69 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 82C(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 69 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
83 Holder to undergo approved tests or courses if disqualified for more than 1 year
(1)
If a person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for a period of more than 12 months or for 2 or more cumulative periods totalling more than 12 months,—
(a)
the licence continues to be of no effect after the disqualification ends until the person applies for the same class of licence and the person qualifies for the licence by any or all (as the case may be) of the following:
(i)
completing any courses approved by the Director for that purpose:
(ii)
passing the tests and examinations approved by the Director for that purpose; and
(b)
the Director may issue a new licence.
(1A)
If a person to whom subsection (1) applies has passed the appropriate theory test, the Director may—
(a)
issue a new licence to that person with the supervisory condition (if any) applicable to a learner licence for that class of vehicle as specified in the rules; or
(b)
endorse that person’s existing licence with the supervisory condition (if any) applicable to a learner licence for that class of vehicle as specified in the rules.
(2)
Subsection (1) applies to a person who has been authorised to obtain a limited licence by an order of a court made under section 105 only if the order was made not less than 12 months after the date the disqualification started or (in the case of a person disqualified for 2 or more cumulative periods) not less than 12 months after the date the first period of disqualification started.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 33(2), (5)
Section 83 heading: amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 43(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 83(1)(a): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 43(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 83(1)(a)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 70(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 83(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 70(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 83(1)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 70(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 83(1)(b): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 19 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 83(1A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 43(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 83(1A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 70(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
84 New licence to be issued if disqualified driver qualifies for specified vehicle classes
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
section 82A or 83(1) applies; and
(b)
the person—
(i)
applies for a class of licence that the person held immediately before that person was disqualified; and
(ii)
qualifies for that class of licence by any or all of the following:
(A)
completing any courses approved by the Director for that purpose:
(B)
passing the tests and examinations approved by the Director for that purpose.
(2)
If this section applies, then the Director must issue a new licence to that person to authorise that person to drive the relevant class of motor vehicle and all lower classes of motor vehicles for which that person held a licence immediately before he or she was disqualified.
(3)
A class of licence to drive a motorcycle does not entitle a person to drive a motor vehicle other than a motor vehicle authorised by that class of licence.
Section 84 heading: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 49(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 84: substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 44 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 84(1)(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 49(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 84(1)(b)(ii)(A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 71(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 84(1)(b)(ii)(B): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 71(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 84(2): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 49(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 84(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 71(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
85 When disqualification starts
(1)
If an order is made by a court under any Act disqualifying a person from holding or obtaining a driver licence, the period of disqualification starts on the day the order is made unless the court otherwise directs or that Act otherwise provides.
(2)
The person disqualified does not commit the offence of driving while disqualified contrary to section 32(1)(a) merely because, on the day of the making of the order, he or she drove a motor vehicle on a road on that day before the making of the order.
(3)
In the case of a person who is at the time of the order already disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence, the period of disqualification ordered starts when the order or the last of the orders to which the person is already subject ceases to have effect.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 36
86 Term of disqualification if person already disqualified
(1)
If—
(a)
a person is convicted of an offence that renders the person liable to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence; and
(b)
at the time of the commission of the offence, the person was already disqualified or was the holder of a limited licence issued under section 105 (or the corresponding provisions of a former enactment),—
the court must order the person to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for a period of 6 months, unless the court for special reasons relating to the offence thinks fit to order otherwise or the court makes an order under section 94.
(1A)
Subsection (1) does not apply if an alcohol interlock sentence is ordered under section 65AC(1).
(2)
Nothing in subsection (1) restricts the power of the court to impose any other penalty specified for the offence, and the imposition of a penalty under that subsection does not limit or affect any duty or power of the court to order a longer period of disqualification.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 31
Section 86(1A): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 29 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
87 Particulars of certain court orders to be sent to Director and offender
(1)
This section applies to the following orders:
(a)
an order disqualifying a person from holding or obtaining a driver licence:
(b)
an order under section 65AC (authorising the person to apply for an alcohol interlock licence):
(c)
an order authorising the person to apply for a zero alcohol licence under section 65AC(2)(d), 65AI(c), or 100B(2)(b):
(d)
an order under section 99 (reducing a disqualification):
(e)
an order under section 105 (authorising the issue of a limited licence).
(2)
If a court makes an order to which this section applies, the Registrar of the court must notify the Director and the offender in writing of the particulars of the order.
(3)
A failure to comply with the notification requirements in subsection (1) does not affect the validity of the order concerned.
Section 87 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 72(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87(1): replaced, on 10 September 2012, by section 50(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 87(1)(b): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 87(1)(c): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 87(2): inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 50(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 87(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 72(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Disqualification of transport service driver and other persons
Heading: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
87A Disqualification of transport service driver
If the Director is satisfied that a transport service driver is not a fit and proper person within the meaning of subpart 2 of Part 4A to drive a transport service vehicle, the Director may disqualify that person, for a period not exceeding 10 years, from driving any vehicle being used in a transport service (other than a rental service) or a specified class of transport service.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 15(1)
Section 87A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 87A: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 73 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
87B Disqualification of holder of transport service licence from holding transport service licence
If the Director revokes a transport service licence, the Director may disqualify, for a period not exceeding 10 years, the holder of the transport service licence, or any other person who was in control of the transport service and whose fitness and propriety was the basis of, or contributed to, a decision to revoke the transport service licence, from—
(a)
holding or obtaining a transport service licence:
(b)
having any form of control of a transport service.
Section 87B: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 87B: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 74 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87B: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 85 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
87C Procedure for disqualifying person under section 87A or section 87B
Subpart 5 of Part 4A applies to a decision to disqualify a person under section 87A or section 87B.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 15(2)
Section 87C: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Suspension of transport service driver and other persons
Heading: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
87D Immediate suspension of transport service driver and other persons in interests of public safety
(1)
If the circumstances described in subsection (2) apply, the Director may, by notice in writing to the person concerned, immediately suspend that person from—
(a)
driving any vehicle used in a transport service (other than a rental service) or a specified class of transport service:
(b)
being a driving instructor or testing officer, as the case may be.
(2)
The circumstances referred to in subsection (1) are—
(a)
the Director considers that—
(i)
the person concerned is not a fit and proper person within the meaning of subpart 2 of Part 4A to drive a transport service vehicle or to be a driving instructor or testing officer, as the case may be; and
(ii)
the interests of public safety, or the need to ensure that the public is protected from serious or organised criminal activity, would seem to require immediate suspension of the person as a transport service driver, driving instructor, or testing officer, as the case may be; or
(b)
the person has been charged with any offence that is of such a nature that the interests of public safety, or the need to protect the public against serious or organised criminal activity, would require that a person convicted of committing such an offence not be a transport service driver, or driving instructor, or testing officer, as the case may be.
(3)
In this section and sections 87E and 87F,—
driving instructor means a person who holds a driving instructor endorsement under Part 5 of the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999
testing officer means a person who holds a testing officer endorsement under Part 5 of the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 16(1)
Section 87D: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 87D(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 75(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87D(1): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 51 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 87D(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 75(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
87E Procedure for suspending persons under section 87D
(1)
If the Director suspends a person under section 87D, the notice must—
(a)
inform the person of the grounds of the suspension; and
(b)
advise the person that—
(i)
the suspension has effect from the day on which the notice was received by the person, or any later date that is specified in the notice; and
(ii)
the person may make submissions on the matter to the Director and that the person has a right of appeal under section 106.
(2)
The Director must, as soon as practicable, consider any submissions on the matter made by the person and notify the person of the result of the consideration.
Section 87E: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 52 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 87E(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 76(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87E(1)(b)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87E(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 76(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
87F Term of suspension
(1)
A suspension under section 87D may take effect either immediately or from any date that the Director may specify.
(2)
The Director may at any time withdraw a suspension imposed under section 87D.
(3)
If any suspension has been imposed in respect of a person to whom section 87D(2)(b) applies, the suspension ceases immediately if—
(a)
the charge is withdrawn in circumstances where it is not replaced with another charge based on the same circumstances; or
(b)
the person is found not guilty of the offence charged.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 16(1), (3), (4)
Section 87F: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 87F(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 77 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87F(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 77 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Effect of disqualification or suspension of transport service driver and other persons
Heading: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
87G Effect of disqualification or suspension of transport service driver and other persons
(1)
If the Director disqualifies or suspends any person from driving a transport service vehicle or being a driving instructor or testing officer under either section 87A or section 87D, the Director may, for the period of the disqualification or suspension,—
(a)
revoke or suspend any driver licence held by the person, not being a licence of a class that relates principally to the use of private motor vehicles, and disqualify the person from holding or obtaining any such licence; and
(b)
prohibit the person from driving any vehicle used in a transport service (other than a rental service vehicle) or a specified class of transport service, even though the person may obtain or continue to hold a driver licence of a class that, although it relates principally to the use of private motor vehicles, also entitles the person to drive a transport service vehicle; and
(c)
prohibit the person from carrying out duties or activities as a driving instructor or testing officer.
(2)
Nothing in this section or in any of sections 87A to 87F derogates from or affects any power of the Director under this Act, the regulations, or the rules, to revoke, suspend, or otherwise deal with any driver licence.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 17(1), (2)
Section 87G: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 45 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 87G(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 78(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 87G(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 78(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Demerit points system
88 Demerit points to be recorded by Director
(1)
If a person is convicted of an offence (other than an offence detected by approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system) concerning the driving of a motor vehicle, the Director must record in respect of that person such number of points (demerit points) as may be prescribed for that offence.
(2)
The Registrar of the court must send to the Director particulars of convictions to which subsection (1) applies.
(3)
If a person is convicted of 2 or more offences arising out of the same set of circumstances,—
(a)
demerit points must be recorded in relation to 1 offence only; and
(b)
if those offences do not carry the same number of points, points must be recorded for the offence or one of the offences that carries the greatest number of points.
(4)
Demerit points recorded under subsection (1) have effect on and from the date of the commission of the offence for which the points are recorded.
(5)
For the purposes of subsections (1) and (4), the provisions of subsection (6) apply to an infringement offence in respect of which—
(a)
an infringement fee is paid to the enforcement authority, at the address for payment specified in the infringement notice, before a reminder notice is served or within 43 days after service of such a reminder notice; or
(b)
the enforcement authority enters into an arrangement to pay under section 21(3A) of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957.
(6)
The provisions referred to in subsection (5) are as follows:
(a)
the date on which the infringement notice was issued is to be treated as the date on which the offence was committed; and
(b)
a conviction for the offence is to be treated as having been entered against the offender on the date of the payment of the infringement fee or the date on which the arrangement to pay was entered into, as the case may be.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 42A(10), 44
Section 88 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 79(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 88(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 9 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 88(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 79(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 88(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 79(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 88(5): substituted, on 23 July 2011, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 88(6): added, on 23 July 2011, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 88(6)(b): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
89 Notice of demerit points
(1)
If 50 or more demerit points have been recorded against a person, the Director must, when reasonably practicable, send that person a notice in writing telling the person—
(a)
the number of demerit points recorded against that person; and
(b)
the consequences of further demerit points being recorded against that person.
(2)
No suspension imposed under section 90 in respect of a person’s driver licence, or disqualification imposed under that section in respect of a person, is invalid merely because—
(a)
a notice under subsection (1) was not given to that person or was given to that person after the imposition of that suspension or disqualification; or
(b)
a notice given under that subsection was not received by that person or was received by that person after the imposition of that suspension or disqualification.
(3)
If a notice given under subsection (1) is sent by ordinary post addressed to the defendant at the defendant’s last known place of residence or business or postal address, then, unless the contrary is shown, the notice is served when the notice would have been delivered in the ordinary course of post, and in proving service it is sufficient to prove that the notice was properly addressed and posted.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 47
Section 89(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 80 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
90 Suspension of licence or disqualification from driving under demerit points system
(1)
If, in any 2-year period, a person has accumulated a total of 100 or more demerit points, the Director must give notice in writing advising the person that—
(a)
the person has accumulated 100 or more demerit points; and
(b)
the penalty specified in subsection (3) or (5) has been imposed and takes effect immediately.
(1A)
An enforcement officer may also give a notice described in subsection (1) in the circumstances described in that subsection (whether or not the person has received a notice from the Director).
(2)
The notice given under subsection (1) or (1A) may be served, including at the roadside, by—
(a)
the Director; or
(b)
a person approved for the purpose by the Director; or
(c)
an enforcement officer.
(3)
If the person holds a current driver licence, the effect of a notice given under subsection (1) or (1A) is that the licence—
(a)
is suspended for a period of 3 months; and
(b)
remains of no effect when the period of suspension ends until the person applies to the Director to have the licence reinstated and the Director reinstates the licence.
(4)
A person whose driver licence has been suspended under subsection (3) may not hold or obtain a driver licence while the suspension is in force.
(5)
If the person does not hold a current driver licence, the person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for a period of 3 months.
(6)
A suspension or disqualification under this section begins on the date specified in the notice, which may not be earlier than the date on which the notice is served on the person.
Section 90: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 53(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 90(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 81(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 90(1A): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 91(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 90(1A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 81(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 90(2): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 91(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 90(2): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 91(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 90(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 81(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 90(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 81(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 90(3): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 91(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 90(3)(a): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 91(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 90(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 81(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 90(5): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 91(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
91 Cancellation and reinstatement of demerit points
(1)
When 2 years have elapsed since the commission of an offence in respect of which demerit points were recorded, the entry of the points made in respect of that offence ceases to have effect in relation to the person who committed that offence; but if demerit points were recorded in respect of 2 or more offences committed by that person, the entry ceases to have effect when 2 years have elapsed since the commission of the most recent of those offences.
(2)
If a suspension under section 90 is imposed in respect of a person’s driver licence or a disqualification is imposed under that section in respect of a person, the Director must cancel all demerit points for the time being recorded in respect of that person.
(3)
The Director must cancel all demerit points for the time being recorded against a person if a court disqualifies the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for a period of 6 months or more.
(4)
If a person’s suspension or disqualification is removed on appeal, the Director must reinstate the demerit points cancelled under this section.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 46
Section 91(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 82 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 91(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 82 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 91(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 82 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Driver licence stop orders
Heading: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
91A Interpretation
In this section and in sections 91C to 91H, unless the context otherwise requires,—
defendant means the person who is required to pay a traffic fine, and includes a young person within the meaning of the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989
resolved, in relation to a defendant’s obligation to pay a traffic fine, has the same meaning as in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957
served personally, in relation to a warning notice or a driver licence stop order, means served in the way described in section 91B(1)(a)
traffic fine—
(a)
means any amount of money that a person is for the time being obliged to pay under a sentence imposed or an order made, or deemed to be made, by a court in respect of a traffic offence, whether the amount payable under that sentence or order is described as a fine or as costs, levies, expenses, fees, reparation, or otherwise; and
(b)
includes an offender levy imposed under section 105B of the Sentencing Act 2002 for a traffic offence and any prescribed costs, expenses, or fees payable in respect of the enforcement of any amount of money described in paragraph (a); but
(c)
does not include any amount of money adjudged or ordered to be paid in a civil proceeding
traffic offence means—
(a)
any offence against this Act, the Transport Act 1962, the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, the Road User Charges Act 1977, the Road User Charges Act 2012, or the Land Transport Management Act 2003, or against any secondary legislation (including bylaws) made under any of those Acts:
(b)
any offence against any secondary legislation (including bylaws) made under any other Act if the offence relates to the use of motor vehicles or parking places or transport stations
warning notice means a notice served under section 91D.
Section 91A: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 91A defendant: amended, on 14 July 2017, by section 149 of the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Oranga Tamariki) Legislation Act 2017 (2017 No 31).
Section 91A traffic offence paragraph (a): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 91A traffic offence paragraph (a): amended, on 26 March 2015, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 17).
Section 91A traffic offence paragraph (b): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
91B Ways in which warning notice or driver licence stop order or details of related fines must be served
(1)
A warning notice or a driver licence stop order, or notice of details of the fines to which that order relates, must be served on a defendant in 1 of the following ways:
(a)
by an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice or an enforcement officer delivering it to the defendant personally or bringing it to the defendant’s notice if the defendant refuses to accept it:
(b)
by an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice or an enforcement officer leaving it for the defendant, at the defendant’s place of residence, with another person who appears to be of or over the age of 14 years:
(c)
by an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice or an enforcement officer leaving it for the defendant, at the defendant’s place of business or place of work, with another person:
(d)
by the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice sending it to the defendant by prepaid post addressed to the defendant at the defendant’s last known place of residence or business or place of work:
(e)
if the defendant has a known electronic address, by the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice sending it to the defendant at that address in electronic form.
(2)
An endorsement on a copy of a warning notice or a driver licence stop order, or notice of details of the fines to which that order relates, or, where applicable, on a printout that records an electronic document, stating the fact, mode, date and time of service and purporting to be signed by an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice or by an enforcement officer is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, sufficient proof of service of the notice or order.
(3)
If a warning notice or driver licence stop order, or notice of details of the fines to which that order relates, is served in the way described in subsection (1)(d), then, unless the contrary is shown, the notice or order is served when it would have been delivered in the ordinary course of post, and in proving service it is sufficient to prove that the letter concerned was properly addressed and posted.
(4)
If a warning notice or driver licence stop order, or notice of details of the fines to which that order relates, is served in electronic form under subsection (1)(e), then, unless the contrary is shown,—
(a)
the notice or order, or notice of details, is served at the time the electronic communication containing the notice or order, or notice of details, first enters an information system outside the control of its originator; and
(b)
in proving service, it is sufficient to prove that the electronic communication was properly addressed and sent.
(5)
[Repealed]Section 91B: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 91B heading: amended, on 14 November 2018, by section 149(1) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91B(1): amended, on 14 November 2018, by section 149(2) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91B(1)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 91B(2): amended, on 14 November 2018, by section 149(3) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91B(3): amended, on 14 November 2018, by section 149(4) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91B(4): inserted, on 14 November 2018, by section 149(5) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91B(5): repealed, on 1 March 2024, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
91C Liability to driver licence stop order
A defendant who is obliged to pay a traffic fine is liable to the imposition of a driver licence stop order if—
(a)
the defendant has breached the provisions of an enactment or the terms of a sentence, an order, or a direction by failing to pay the traffic fine within the time provided or fixed by the enactment, sentence, order, or direction; and
(b)
the defendant’s obligation to pay the fine is neither discharged, by payment in full or remission in full, nor resolved.
Section 91C: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
91D Warning notice to be served on defendant
(1)
If a defendant is liable to the imposition of a driver licence stop order, the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must arrange for a warning notice to be served on the defendant.
(2)
The notice must—
(a)
explain why the defendant is liable to the imposition of a driver licence stop order and provide details of the unpaid traffic fine to which the liability relates; and
(b)
if the defendant’s liability is related to the cancellation or revocation of a payment arrangement, deduction notice, or an attachment order, give the reason for the cancellation or revocation; and
(c)
state that a driver licence stop order will not be imposed if, before the close of the 14th day after service of the notice, the unpaid traffic fine is paid in full, or remitted in full, or the defendant’s obligation to pay the fine is resolved.
(3)
No driver licence stop order imposed on a person is invalid merely because a notice under subsection (1) was not received by that person or was received by that person after the driver licence stop order was imposed on the person.
Section 91D: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
91E Imposition of driver licence stop order
(1)
If, following the expiry of the period of 14 days after service of the notice sent to a defendant under section 91D, the defendant continues to be liable to a driver licence stop order because of the traffic fine described in that notice, the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice may impose a driver licence stop order on the defendant and issue it for service.
(2)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice may, on 1 or more occasions, reissue a driver licence stop order that has previously been issued or reissued for service but that is not yet in effect.
(2A)
An enforcement officer may also impose an order and issue it for service in the circumstances described in subsection (1) (whether or not the person has received the order from the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice).
(3)
An order imposed under subsection (1) or (2A) must be in a form approved by the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice and must state—
(a)
the name of the defendant; and
(b)
that the notice of details of the traffic fine in respect of which the order is imposed and the amount owing on that fine will be served on the defendant either at the same time as the order is served or as soon as practicable after the order is served; and
(c)
that the order will stay in effect until the defendant’s obligation to pay the traffic fine is discharged by payment in full or remission in full, or until it is resolved; and
(d)
that, immediately after the order takes effect, any driver licence held by the defendant, including any limited licence issued under section 105, is suspended until the driver licence stop order is cancelled in accordance with section 91G or terminated in accordance with section 91H; and
(e)
that if the order is served personally by an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice or by an enforcement officer (including at the roadside), the defendant must surrender any driver licence held by the defendant to that employee, agent, or enforcement officer; and
(f)
that if the order is served, but is not served personally, the defendant must post or deliver any driver licence held by the defendant to an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice at an office of that Ministry or at the District Court; and
(g)
if the defendant does not hold a current driver licence when the order takes effect, that—
(i)
the defendant is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence (including any limited licence) until the driver licence stop order is cancelled in accordance with section 91G or terminated in accordance with section 91H; and
(ii)
if the defendant is authorised to obtain a limited licence, the limited licence may not be issued by the Director until the driver licence stop order is so cancelled or terminated.
(4)
When the order is issued for service, the defendant becomes liable to pay a single fee for the order, and that single fee—
(a)
is deemed to be imposed when the order is first issued, regardless of the number of times that the same order may subsequently be reissued; and
(b)
is not affected by the number of fines in respect of which the order is issued, so that if, for example, the order is issued for 2 fines, the fee is 1 fee and not 2 fees; and
(c)
is, for enforcement purposes, deemed to be a fine.
(5)
The amount of the fee deemed to be imposed by subsection (4) is the same as that prescribed by regulations, made under the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, in respect of enforcement action taken under that Act to enforce a fine.
Section 91E: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 91E(2A): inserted, on 14 November 2018, by section 150(1) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91E(3): amended, on 14 November 2018, by section 150(2) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91E(3)(b): replaced, on 14 November 2018, by section 150(3) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91E(3)(e): replaced, on 14 November 2018, by section 150(4) of the Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50).
Section 91E(3)(f): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 91E(3)(g)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 83 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
91F Effect of driver licence stop order
(1)
A driver licence stop order that is imposed on a defendant takes effect—
(a)
if the order is served personally on the defendant, immediately after the order is so served:
(b)
if the order is served, but is not served personally, on the defendant and the defendant posts or delivers the driver licence to an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice, immediately after that employee or agent receives the defendant’s driver licence.
(2)
A driver licence stop order that is in effect continues in effect until it is cancelled under section 91G or terminated under section 91H.
(3)
Throughout the time that a driver licence stop order is in effect,—
(a)
any driver licence held by the defendant on whom the order is imposed, including any limited licence held under section 105, is suspended; and
(b)
if the defendant on whom the order is imposed does not hold a current driver licence when the order takes effect, the defendant is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence, including any limited licence under section 105; and
(c)
if the defendant’s driver licence is suspended under paragraph (a), the defendant may not hold or obtain another driver licence, including any limited licence under section 105.
(4)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must notify the Director and may notify the Commissioner of the driver licence stop order and of the date and time when it took effect.
Section 91F: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 91F(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 84 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
91G Cancellation of driver licence stop order
(1)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice may, if there is good reason for doing so, cancel a driver licence stop order.
(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), a good reason exists, for the purposes of that subsection, if the driver licence stop order—
(a)
was imposed or served in error; or
(b)
is inconsistent with a judicial determination.
(3)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must give notice of the cancellation to the person on whom the order was imposed and to the Director.
(4)
The cancellation takes effect when it is shown on the national register maintained under section 199.
(5)
When the Director receives notice of the cancellation, the Director must, if the defendant’s driver licence was surrendered and forwarded to the Director and the defendant is otherwise eligible to hold a current driver licence, replace the photographic driver licence and send it by ordinary post to the defendant’s address recorded on the national register maintained under section 199.
(6)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must pay the Director the prescribed fee for replacing the photographic driver licence in accordance with subsection (5).
Section 91G: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 91G(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 85(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 91G(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 85(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 91G(6): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 85(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
91H Termination of driver licence stop order if traffic fine paid or resolved
(1)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must terminate a driver licence stop order if the defendant’s obligation to pay the traffic fine is discharged by payment in full or remission in full or if the defendant’s obligation is resolved.
(2)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must give notice of the termination to the defendant and to the Director.
(3)
The termination takes effect when it is shown on the national register maintained under section 199.
(4)
When the Director receives notice of the termination, the Director must, if the defendant’s driver licence was surrendered and forwarded to the Director and the defendant is otherwise eligible to hold a current driver licence, replace the photographic driver licence and send it by ordinary post to the defendant’s address recorded on the national register maintained under section 199.
(5)
The chief executive of the Ministry of Justice must pay the Director the prescribed fee for replacing the photographic driver licence in accordance with subsection (4).
Section 91H: inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 7 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 91H(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 86(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 91H(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 86(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 91H(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 86(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Other penalties
92 Compulsory attendance at driving improvement course or dangerous goods course
(1)
If a person is convicted of an offence concerning the driving of a motor vehicle, the court may, whether or not it imposes any other penalty for the offence, order that person to attend an appropriate driving improvement course approved by the Director.
(2)
If a person is convicted of an offence against this Act involving dangerous goods, the court may, whether or not it imposes any other penalty for the offence, order the person to attend an appropriate dangerous goods course approved by the Director.
(3)
On the making of an order under subsection (1) or subsection (2), the Registrar of the court must notify the Director of the particulars of the order and the conviction for which it is made.
(4)
A person who has been ordered under subsection (1) or (2) to attend a course must,—
(a)
within 21 days after being required to do so, pay to the person in charge of the course the fee usually charged for that course; and
(b)
within 90 days after being required to do so, complete the course; and
(c)
if the person has successfully completed the course, provide the court with evidence that verifies that the person has successfully completed the course.
(5)
Despite subsection (4)(b), if a person is unable to complete an appropriate driving improvement course approved by the Director owing to factors beyond the person’s control, the court may—
(a)
grant an extension as the court considers appropriate in the circumstances; or
(b)
suspend or cancel the order requiring the person to complete the course.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68
Section 92(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 87 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 92(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 87 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 92(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 87 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 92(4): replaced, on 10 September 2012, by section 55 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 92(5): inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 55 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 92(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 87 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
93 Court may order compulsory driving test
(1)
If the holder of a driver licence is convicted of an offence concerning the driving of a motor vehicle, the court may, whether or not it imposes any other penalty or makes any other order concerning the offence, order that person to undergo any tests and examinations approved by the Director authorising the person to drive a motor vehicle of the class he or she was driving at the time of the offence.
(2)
On the making of an order under subsection (1), the Registrar of the court must notify the Director of the particulars of the order and the conviction for which it is made.
(3)
The following provisions apply to the tests and examinations:
(a)
the Director must give the person who is to be tested or examined not less than 14 clear days’ notice of the date, time, and place of each test and examination:
(b)
the tests and examinations must be carried out under the supervision of the Director.
(4)
The driver licence of a person who fails to pass the approved tests and examinations is suspended until the person passes the tests and examinations, and, if a person fails without reasonable excuse to attend on the date and at the time and place specified in a notice given under subsection (3)(a), the person’s licence is to be treated as having been suspended until the person presents himself or herself for the purpose of undergoing the approved tests and examinations.
(5)
A person whose driver licence has been suspended under this section is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence until such time as he or she passes the approved tests and examinations.
(6)
If a person passes the approved tests and examinations, the Director may issue a new licence to have effect in place of the suspended licence or endorse the suspended licence.
(7)
If a person undergoes any tests and examinations under an order made under this section, that person is liable to pay the same fees as the person would be liable to pay if the person were an applicant for a licence.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68A
Section 93(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 88(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 93(1): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 56(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 93(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 88(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 93(3)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 88(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 93(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 88(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 93(4): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 56(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 93(5): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 56(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 93(6): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 88(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 93(6): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 56(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
94 Substitution of community-based sentences
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
the offender has previously been ordered on conviction for an offence to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence; and
(b)
the court, having regard to—
(i)
the circumstances of the case and of the offender; and
(ii)
the effectiveness or otherwise of a previous order of disqualification made in respect of the offender; and
(iii)
the likely effect on the offender of a further order of disqualification; and
(iv)
the interests of the public,—
considers that it would be inappropriate to order that the offender be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence; and
(c)
the court considers that it would be appropriate to sentence the offender to a community-based sentence in accordance with Part 2 of the Sentencing Act 2002.
(2)
Despite any provision of this Act that requires a court (in the absence of special reasons relating to the offence) to order a person convicted of an offence to be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence, the court may instead make an order referred to in subsection (3) if this section applies.
(3)
If the court sentencing an offender determines under this section not to make an order of disqualification,—
(a)
the court must impose a community-based sentence on the offender; and
(b)
the imposition of such a sentence does not limit or affect the power of the court to impose any other sentence for the offence that, in accordance with the provisions of the Sentencing Act 2002, it may impose in addition to the community-based sentence; and
(c)
in determining the appropriate sentence to be imposed on the offender in respect of the offence, the court must take into account the gravity of the offence and the fact that the offender would otherwise have been liable to disqualification from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(3A)
For the purposes of subsection (3)(a), the court may impose a sentence of supervision or intensive supervision as a community-based sentence if—
(a)
that sentence is appropriate; and
(b)
a suitable programme is available; and
(c)
the offender attends a suitable programme.
(4)
This section does not apply if—
(a)
section 63 or section 65 applies; or
(aa)
an alcohol interlock sentence has been ordered under section 65AC(1); or
(b)
the offender is prohibited from applying for a limited licence under section 103(2)(a), (b), or (d).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30AC
Section 94(1)(c): amended, on 30 June 2002, by section 186 of the Sentencing Act 2002 (2002 No 9).
Section 94(3)(b): amended, on 30 June 2002, by section 186 of the Sentencing Act 2002 (2002 No 9).
Section 94(3A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 48(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 94(3A): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 58 of the Sentencing Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 27).
Section 94(4): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 48(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 94(4)(aa): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 31 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Mandatory prohibition from driving following 2 positive oral fluid screening tests
Heading: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 27 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Heading: amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 34 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
94A Mandatory prohibition from driving for 12-hour period if results of 2 oral fluid screening tests are positive or person fails or refuses oral fluid screening test
(1)
An enforcement officer must forbid a person to drive a motor vehicle for a 12-hour period if the person—
(a)
has undergone 2 oral fluid screening tests and the results of both tests are positive; or
(b)
fails or refuses to undergo an oral fluid screening test without delay after having been required to do so under any of sections 71A to 71C by an enforcement officer; or
(c)
having undergone an oral fluid screening test under any of sections 71A to 71C, fails or refuses to remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained; or
(d)
fails or refuses to provide an oral fluid sample without delay after having been required to do so under section 71DE by an enforcement officer; or
(e)
fails or refuses to accompany without delay an enforcement officer to a place when required to do so under section 71A, 71B, or 71DE; or
(f)
having accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under a requirement under section 71A or 71B, fails or refuses to remain at that place until the person is required to undergo an oral fluid screening test under section 71A or 71B; or
(g)
having accompanied an enforcement officer to a place under a requirement under section 71DE, fails or refuses to remain at that place until the person is required to provide an oral fluid sample under that section.
(2)
The 12-hour period starts immediately after the enforcement officer notifies the person of the prohibition.
(3)
An enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person who fails to comply with a direction under subsection (1) or drives or attempts to drive within the 12-hour period.
Section 94A: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 27 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 94A heading: replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 94A(1): replaced, on 15 December 2025, by section 35(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Mandatory suspension of driver licence
95 Mandatory 28-day suspension of driver licence in certain circumstances
(1)
An enforcement officer must give a person a notice under this section if the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that the person has—
(a)
undergone an evidential breath test or blood test under this Act and been found,—
(i)
for an offence, where the person has previously been convicted of an offence against any of sections 56(1) or (2), 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 58(1), 60(1), or 61(1) or (2) within the last 4 years,—
(A)
to have a breath alcohol concentration exceeding 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(B)
to have a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(C)
to have a blood concentration level of a listed qualifying drug exceeding the high-risk level for the drug; or
(D)
to have an unlisted qualifying drug in the person’s blood after the person failed to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F:
(ii)
in any other case,—
(A)
to have a breath alcohol concentration exceeding 650 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(B)
to have a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 130 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(b)
failed or refused to undergo a blood test, after having been required or requested to do so under section 72 or section 73; or
(c)
driven a motor vehicle on a road at a speed exceeding—
(i)
the permanent speed limit by more than 40 km an hour (which speed was detected by a means other than approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system); or
(ii)
any other speed limit by more than 50 km an hour (which speed was detected by a means other than approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system).
(1A)
If an enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person has undergone an evidential breath test and has been found to have a breath alcohol concentration exceeding 650 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath,—
(a)
the enforcement officer must give the person a notice under subsection (1)(a) even though the person has the right under section 70A to elect to have a blood test; and
(b)
a further notice is not required and must not be given under subsection (1)(a) if the person undergoes a blood test and is found to have a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 130 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2)
A notice under this section must—
(a)
be in a form prescribed by regulations made under this Act or in a form to the same effect; and
(b)
tell the person to whom it is given that the person is suspended from holding or obtaining a driver licence for 28 days; and
(c)
require the person to immediately surrender any driver licence that the person has to the enforcement officer; and
(d)
outline the person’s rights of appeal under sections 101 and 109.
(3)
A suspension under this section starts immediately after the notice is given to the person to whom it applies.
(4)
A person whose driver licence is suspended under this section has the rights of appeal conferred by sections 101 and 109.
(5)
Nothing in this section affects or limits any power of a court to impose a penalty.
(6)
Subsection (1)(c) does not apply if the vehicle—
(a)
was an ambulance fitted with a siren or bell, and at the time was being used on urgent ambulance service; or
(b)
was conveying a constable in the execution of urgent duty, if compliance with the speed limit would be likely to prevent or hinder the execution of that duty; or
(c)
was being used by a fire brigade for attendance at fires or other emergencies, and at the time was being used on urgent fire brigade service.
(7)
The suspension of a driver licence under subsection (1) ceases to have effect if—
(a)
the Police decide finally that proceedings will not be taken against the person for an offence arising out of circumstances referred to in subsection (1) or if such proceedings have been taken and the person is acquitted; and
(b)
the suspension has not already been removed.
(8)
The suspension of a person’s driver licence in the circumstances referred to in subsection (1A) ceases to have effect when the result of the blood test (if any) is notified to the person if—
(a)
the blood test shows that he or she had a blood alcohol concentration of, or less than, 130 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; and
(b)
the result of the blood test is notified to the person before the close of the 28-day suspension period.
(9)
For the purposes of this section, driver licence includes a foreign driver licence.
Section 95(1)(a): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 49(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 95(1)(a)(i): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 28(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 95(1)(a)(i)(C): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 28(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 95(1)(a)(i)(D): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 28(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 95(1)(a)(ii)(B): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 57(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 95(1)(c): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 49(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 95(1)(c)(i): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 11 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 95(1)(c)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 89 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 95(1)(c)(ii): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 11 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 95(1A): inserted, on 29 December 2001, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 95(1A): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 49(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 95(1A)(b): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 49(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 95(2)(b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 92(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 95(2)(c): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 92(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 95(6)(b): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(ii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 95(8): added, on 29 December 2001, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 95(8)(a): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 49(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 95(9): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 57(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
95A Extension of 28-day suspension period of driver licence under section 95
(1)
A Police employee holding the office of constable and who is of or above the position of inspector may, after giving notice in writing to the person whose driver licence has been suspended, apply to a District Court Judge for an order extending the 28-day suspension period referred to in section 95(2)(b).
(2)
An application must specify the circumstances that make it necessary to extend the 28-day suspension period.
(3)
The maximum number of applications that may be made under this section in respect of a suspended driver licence is 3.
(4)
The District Court may order that the driver licence be suspended for a further period not exceeding 28 days.
(5)
A person whose driver licence has been suspended for a further period not exceeding 28 days by an order made under subsection (4) may appeal to the High Court against that order.
(6)
The High Court may confirm, reverse, or modify the order appealed against.
(7)
Every order appealed against under this section continues in force pending the determination of the appeal, and no person is excused from complying with any of the provisions of this Act on the ground that any appeal is pending.
Section 95A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 58 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 95A(4): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Impoundment of vehicles
96 Vehicle seized and impounded for 28 days in certain circumstances
(1)
An enforcement officer must seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle for 28 days if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person drove the vehicle on a road while—
(a)
the person was disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence authorising the person to drive that vehicle; or
(b)
the person’s driver licence is for the time being suspended or was revoked; or
(ba)
in the case of a person who is the holder of an alcohol interlock licence, the person operated that vehicle contrary to the conditions of that licence; or
(c)
in the case of a person who was previously forbidden to drive because the person was an unlicensed driver or their driver licence had expired, the person did not hold a driver licence; or
(d)
the person, if they had previously been convicted of 2 or more offences against any of sections 56(1) and (2), 57, 57AA, 57A(1), 57B(1), 57C(1), 58(1), 60(1), and 61(1) and (2) within the last 4 years,—
(i)
had a breath alcohol concentration exceeding 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath; or
(ii)
had a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; or
(iii)
had a blood concentration level of a listed qualifying drug exceeding the high-risk level for the drug; or
(iv)
had any presence of an unlisted qualifying drug in their blood after failing to complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer who is trained to give the test when the person was required to do so under section 71F; or
(v)
failed or refused to undergo a blood test, after having been required or requested to do so under section 72 or 73.
(1AA)
An enforcement officer must, if practicable, seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle for 28 days if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that—
(a)
the driver operated the vehicle in a manner that breached a qualifying bylaw; and
(b)
the vehicle is subject to a warning notice attached under section 22AF.
(1AAB)
An enforcement officer must, if practicable, seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle for 28 days if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that the driver has committed an offence against section 35(1)(a) or (b) or 39(1).
(1A)
An enforcement officer must, if practicable, seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle for 28 days if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person—
(a)
operated the vehicle in a race, or in an unnecessary exhibition of speed or acceleration, on a road in contravention of section 22A(1); or
(b)
without reasonable excuse, operated the vehicle on a road in a manner that caused the vehicle to undergo sustained loss of traction in contravention of section 22A(3).
(1AB)
[Repealed](1B)
An enforcement officer who seizes and impounds (or authorises the impoundment of) a motor vehicle under subsection (1A) must, by means of a notice in the form approved for the purposes of section 115(1), direct that the vehicle is not to be driven on a road.
(1C)
For the purposes of this Act and any other enactment, a notice given under subsection (1B) has effect as a notice given under section 115(1).
(1D)
A notice under subsection (1B) may include a condition to the effect that the vehicle may continue to be driven to reach a specified place for repair or may continue to be driven for a given time or under limitations as to speed or route or otherwise, unless the direction referred to in that subsection has been cancelled.
(1E)
An enforcement officer who seizes and impounds, or seizes and authorises the impoundment of, a motor vehicle because the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person has undergone an evidential breath test and has been found to have a breath alcohol concentration exceeding 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath,—
(a)
must give the person a notice under subsection (2) even though the person has the right under section 70A to elect to have a blood test; and
(b)
a further notice is not required and must not be given under subsection (2) if the person undergoes a blood test and is found to have a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.
(2)
An enforcement officer who seizes and impounds, or seizes and authorises the impoundment of, a motor vehicle under this section must—
(a)
complete a notice in the prescribed form, or in a form to the same effect, acknowledging the seizure and impoundment, and setting out (if the particulars are reasonably ascertainable)—
(i)
the full name and full address of the driver; and
(ia)
the driver’s electronic address (if the driver has an electronic address); and
(ii)
the year and make of the vehicle, and its registration plate details or vehicle identification number; and
(iia)
if subsection (1A) applies, the date and time of the alleged offence; and
(iii)
the date and time of the seizure; and
(iv)
the place where the vehicle is to be impounded; and
(v)
an outline of the person’s rights of appeal under sections 102 and 110; and
(b)
give the driver a copy of the notice, unless the driver has left the scene; and
(c)
if the driver has left the scene, give a copy of the notice to the registered person, if that person is present at the time of the seizure, or send a copy of the notice to that person in accordance with subsection (2AAA); and
(d)
give or send a copy of the notice to the vehicle recovery service operator who tows or carries the impounded motor vehicle to the place where it is to be stored; and
(da)
give or send a copy of the notice to the storage provider who stores the motor vehicle; and
(e)
retain a copy of the notice for 12 months.
(2AAA)
For the purposes of subsection (2)(c), if the registered person is not present at the time of the seizure, the enforcement officer must, as soon as practicable, send a copy of the notice to the registered person—
(a)
by post addressed to that person at their last known place of residence or business, their last known postal address, or their address as recorded on the register of motor vehicles or any other register administered by the Agency; or
(b)
by electronic means addressed to that person at—
(i)
an electronic address that the person has given to an enforcement authority; or
(ii)
otherwise, the person’s last known electronic address.
(2A)
The driver of a motor vehicle seized or impounded under this section must, if requested to do so by an enforcement officer,—
(a)
provide the driver’s—
(i)
full name; and
(ii)
full address; and
(iia)
electronic address (if the driver has an electronic address); and
(iii)
date of birth; and
(iv)
occupation; and
(v)
telephone number; and
(vi)
driver licence number:
(b)
provide, if known to the driver and the driver is not the registered person, the registered person’s—
(i)
full name; and
(ii)
full address; and
(iia)
electronic address (if the person has an electronic address); and
(iii)
date of birth; and
(iv)
occupation; and
(v)
telephone number.
(3)
The relevant person specified in subsection (6B) has the rights of appeal provided in sections 102 and 110.
(4)
Personal property (other than property attached to or used in connection with the operation of the vehicle) present in a motor vehicle at the time of the seizure and impoundment must be released on request to a person who produces satisfactory evidence to the effect that they were lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle or personal property immediately before the vehicle was moved.
(4A)
Personal property present in a motor vehicle at the time of the seizure and impoundment must be released subsequently to—
(a)
a bailiff or constable who is executing a warrant to seize property:
(b)
a person acting on behalf of the owner of the goods if the person produces satisfactory evidence of the owner’s consent to such release.
(5)
An enforcement officer does not have to seize and impound a motor vehicle if the officer has good cause to suspect that the vehicle is a stolen vehicle or had been converted, is a write-off, or has suffered severe damage.
(6)
A vehicle to which a notice under this section relates must be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (6B) if—
(a)
the Police have decided not to take any of the following proceedings (or if proceedings have been taken and the person is acquitted):
(i)
proceedings against a person who drove the vehicle in circumstances referred to in subsection (1):
(ii)
proceedings against a person who operated the vehicle in circumstances referred to in subsection (1AA) or (1A); and
(iii)
[Repealed](iv)
[Repealed](b)
the vehicle has not been—
(i)
released; or
(ii)
seized under the Summary Proceedings Act 1957; or
(iii)
confiscated or forfeited under the Sentencing Act 2002.
(6A)
A vehicle to which a notice under this section relates must be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (6B) when the result of the blood test (if any) is notified to the person who drove the vehicle in circumstances referred to in subsection (1)(d) if—
(a)
the blood test shows that the driver had a blood alcohol concentration of, or less than, 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood; and
(b)
the vehicle has not already been released.
(6B)
In subsections (3), (6), and (6A), the relevant person is—
(a)
the registered person, if the vehicle is registered; or
(b)
if the vehicle is not registered, a person who the enforcement officer is satisfied is the owner of the vehicle.
(7)
Nothing in this section authorises the seizure or impoundment of a trailer or any other vehicle without motive power that is being towed by or is attached to a motor vehicle.
(8)
Nothing in subsection (1) applies to a person driving a vehicle if—
(a)
the person has been ordered by a court to attend an approved course or programme; and
(b)
the driving occurs in the course of the person’s attendance at that course or programme, either,—
(i)
in the case of a motorcyclist, under the supervision of a person who holds a current certificate of approval as a driving instructor issued by the Director under the regulations or the rules:
(ii)
in any other case, while accompanied by a person who holds a certificate referred to in subparagraph (i).
(9)
Nothing in subsection (1A) applies to a person operating a motor vehicle in a manner that is authorised by law within the meaning of section 22A(4).
Section 96 heading: amended, on 2 May 2003, by section 8(1) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 96(1)(ba): inserted, on 10 September 2012, by section 59(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 96(1)(c): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(1)(c): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 96(1)(d): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 29 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 96(1AA): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 22(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96(1AAB): inserted, on 5 April 2023, by section 16 of the Criminal Activity Intervention Legislation Act 2023 (2023 No 7).
Section 96(1A): inserted, on 2 May 2003, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 96(1A): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96(1AB): repealed, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(1B): inserted, on 2 May 2003, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 96(1C): inserted, on 2 May 2003, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 96(1D): inserted, on 2 May 2003, by section 8(2) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 96(1E): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 50(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 96(1E): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(1E): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2)(a)(i): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 22(4) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96(2)(a)(ia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2)(a)(iia): inserted, on 2 May 2003 by section 8(3) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 96(2)(c): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2)(d): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2)(da): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2AAA): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2A): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 22(5) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96(2A)(a)(iia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(2A)(b)(iia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(10) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(4): substituted, on 1 December 2009, by section 22(6) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(11) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(4A): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 22(6) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96(5): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(12) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(13) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6)(a): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 42(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 96(6)(a)(iii): repealed, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(14) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6)(a)(iv): repealed, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(14) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6)(b): substituted, on 23 July 2011, by section 8 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 96(6)(b)(iii): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(15) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 50(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 96(6A): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(13) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6A)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(16) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(6B): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 12(17) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96(8)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 90(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 96(8)(a): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 50(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 96(8)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 90(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 96(8)(b): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 50(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 96(8)(b)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 90(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 96(9): added, on 2 May 2003, by section 8(5) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
96AAA Impoundment of motor vehicle used in offence of failing to stop, etc
(1)
An enforcement officer may seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle for 6 months if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that—
(a)
the person driving the vehicle has failed to stop (or remain stopped) as signalled, requested, or required under section 114 (see section 52A(1)(a) and (b) for the offence); and
(b)
the vehicle—
(i)
is not a stolen vehicle; and
(ii)
has not been converted; and
(iii)
is not a write-off; and
(iv)
has not suffered severe damage.
(2)
If an enforcement officer seizes and impounds, or seizes and authorises the impoundment of, a vehicle under this section, the following provisions apply, with any necessary modifications, as if the vehicle were seized and impounded under section 96:
(b)
(c)
(3)
A vehicle to which this section applies and a notice under section 96(2) relates must be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (5) if—
(a)
the Police have decided not to take any of the following proceedings (or proceedings have been taken and the person against whom they are taken is acquitted):
(i)
proceedings against the driver who failed to stop (or remain stopped) (see section 52A(1)(a) or (b) for the offence):
(ii)
proceedings against the registered person for, or hirer of, the motor vehicle who, without reasonable excuse, failed or refused to provide information or provided false or misleading information in response to a request under section 118(4) (see section 52(6) for the offence); and
(b)
the vehicle has not been—
(i)
released; or
(ii)
seized under the Summary Proceedings Act 1957; or
(iii)
confiscated under the Sentencing Act 2002.
(4)
A vehicle to which this section applies and a notice under section 96(2) relates may be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (5) if that person—
(a)
was not the person driving the vehicle when the vehicle failed to stop (or remain stopped); and
(b)
has provided the information requested under section 118(4).
(5)
For the purposes of subsections (3) and (4), the relevant person is,—
(a)
if the vehicle is registered,—
(i)
the hirer (if any) of the vehicle; or
(ii)
otherwise, the registered person for the vehicle; or
(b)
if the vehicle is not registered, a person who the enforcement officer is satisfied is the owner of the vehicle.
Section 96AAA: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 13 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
96AAB Impoundment of motor vehicle for failure to give information about offence of failing to stop, etc
(1)
This section applies if a vehicle—
(a)
is involved in the commission of an offence against section 52A(1)(a) or (b); and
(b)
has not been seized and impounded under section 96AAA.
(2)
An enforcement officer may seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle for 28 days if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that—
(a)
either—
(i)
the driver of the vehicle failed or refused to provide information or provided false or misleading information in response to a demand for information made by the officer under section 114(3)(b) (see section 52A(1)(c) for the offence); or
(ii)
the registered person for, or the hirer of, the motor vehicle, without reasonable excuse, failed or refused to provide information or provided false or misleading information in response to a request under section 118(4) (see section 52(6) for the offence); and
(b)
impounding the vehicle is necessary to prevent a serious threat to road safety.
(3)
If an enforcement officer seizes and impounds, or seizes and authorises the impoundment of, a vehicle under this section, the following provisions apply, with any necessary modifications, as if the vehicle were seized and impounded under section 96:
(b)
(c)
(4)
A vehicle to which this section applies and a notice under section 96(2) relates must be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (6) if the Police have decided not to take any of the following proceedings (or if proceedings have been taken and the person against whom they are taken is acquitted):
(a)
proceedings against the driver for a matter referred to in subsection (2)(a)(i):
(b)
proceedings against the registered person or hirer for a matter referred to in subsection (2)(a)(ii).
(5)
A vehicle to which this section applies and a notice under section 96(2) relates may be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (6) if—
(a)
the driver has given the information demanded under section 114(3)(b); or
(b)
the registered person or hirer has given the information requested under section 118(4).
(6)
For the purposes of subsections (4) and (5), the relevant person is,—
(a)
if the vehicle is registered,—
(i)
the hirer (if any) of the vehicle; or
(ii)
otherwise, the registered person for the vehicle; or
(b)
if the vehicle is not registered, a person who the enforcement officer is satisfied is the owner of the vehicle.
Section 96AAB: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 13 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
96A Impoundment of vehicle used in transport service
(1)
An enforcement officer must seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle that is being used in a transport service for 28 days if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person drove the vehicle on a road while—
(a)
the transport service operator was disqualified from holding or obtaining a transport service licence; or
(b)
the transport service operator’s transport service licence was suspended or revoked; or
(c)
the transport service operator—
(i)
does not hold a transport service licence; and
(ii)
has previously been forbidden to operate a transport service.
(2)
An enforcement officer who seizes and impounds (or authorises the impoundment of) a vehicle under this section must—
(a)
complete a notice in the prescribed form, or in a form to the same effect, acknowledging the seizure and impoundment, and setting out (if the particulars are reasonably ascertainable)—
(i)
the full name and full address of the driver; and
(ia)
the driver’s electronic address (if the driver has an electronic address); and
(ii)
the full name and full address of the transport service operator, if different from the driver; and
(iia)
the transport service operator’s electronic address (if the transport service operator is different from the driver and has an electronic address); and
(iii)
the year of manufacture and make of the vehicle, and its registration plate details or vehicle identification number; and
(iv)
the date and time of the seizure; and
(v)
the place where the vehicle is to be impounded; and
(vi)
an outline of the person’s rights of appeal under sections 102 and 110; and
(b)
give the driver a copy of the notice, unless the driver has left the scene; and
(c)
if the driver has left the scene, give a copy of the notice to the registered person, if that person is present at the time of the seizure, or send a copy of the notice to that person in accordance with subsection (2AAA); and
(d)
give or send a copy of the notice to the vehicle recovery service operator who tows or carries the impounded motor vehicle to the place where it is to be stored; and
(da)
give or send a copy of the notice to the storage provider who stores the motor vehicle; and
(e)
retain a copy of the notice for 12 months.
(2AAA)
For the purposes of subsection (2)(c), if the registered person is not present at the time of the seizure, the enforcement officer must, as soon as practicable, send a copy of the notice to the registered person—
(a)
by post addressed to that person at their last known place of residence or business, their last known postal address, or their address as recorded on the register of motor vehicles or any other register administered by the Agency; or
(b)
by electronic means addressed to that person at—
(i)
an electronic address that the person has given to an enforcement authority; or
(ii)
otherwise, the person’s last known electronic address.
(2A)
The driver of a motor vehicle seized or impounded under this section must, if requested to do so by an enforcement officer,—
(a)
provide the driver’s—
(i)
full name; and
(ii)
full address; and
(iia)
electronic address (if the driver has an electronic address); and
(iii)
date of birth; and
(iv)
occupation; and
(v)
telephone number; and
(vi)
driver licence number:
(b)
provide, if known to the driver and different from the driver, the transport service operator’s—
(i)
full name; and
(ii)
full address; and
(iia)
electronic address (if the transport service operator has an electronic address); and
(iii)
date of birth (if an individual); and
(iv)
telephone number.
(3)
The relevant person specified in subsection (7) has the rights of appeal provided in sections 102 and 110.
(4)
Personal property (other than property attached to or used in connection with the operation of the vehicle) present in a motor vehicle at the time of the seizure and impoundment must be released on request to a person who produces satisfactory evidence to the effect that they were lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle or personal property immediately before the vehicle was moved.
(4A)
Personal property present in a motor vehicle at the time of the seizure and impoundment must be released subsequently to—
(a)
a bailiff or constable who is executing a warrant to seize property:
(b)
a person acting on behalf of the owner of the goods if the person produces satisfactory evidence of the owner’s consent to such release.
(5)
An enforcement officer does not have to seize or impound a motor vehicle if the officer has good cause to suspect that the vehicle is a stolen vehicle or had been converted, is a write-off, or has suffered severe damage.
(6)
A vehicle to which a notice under this section relates must be released to the relevant person specified in subsection (7) if—
(a)
the Director or the Police have decided finally that proceedings will not be taken against the transport service operator or the person who drove the vehicle in circumstances referred to in subsection (1) or such proceedings have been taken and the person is acquitted; and
(b)
the vehicle has not been—
(i)
released; or
(ii)
seized under the Summary Proceedings Act 1957; or
(iii)
confiscated under the Sentencing Act 2002.
(6A)
For the purposes of subsections (3) and (6), the relevant person is,—
(a)
if the vehicle is registered, the registered person for the vehicle; or
(b)
if the vehicle is not registered, a person who the enforcement officer is satisfied is the owner of the vehicle.
(7)
Nothing in subsection (1) authorises the seizure or impoundment of a trailer or any other vehicle without motive power that is being towed by or is attached to a motor vehicle.
(8)
Sections 97 and 98 apply, with any necessary modifications, to a motor vehicle used in a transport service that is impounded under this section.
Section 96A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 51 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 96A(2)(a)(i): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 23(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96A(2)(a)(ia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 23(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96A(2)(a)(iia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2)(c): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2)(d): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2)(da): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2AAA): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2A): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 23(3) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96A(2A)(a)(iia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(2A)(b)(iia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(4): substituted, on 1 December 2009, by section 23(4) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96A(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(4A): inserted, as section 96A(5), on 1 December 2009, by section 23(4) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 96A(4A) subsection number: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 60 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 96A(6): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 96A(6)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 91 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 96A(6)(b): substituted, on 23 July 2011, by section 9 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 96A(6A): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 14(10) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
97 Storage of impounded vehicles: generally
(1)
A motor vehicle seized and impounded under section 96, 96AAA, 96AAB, or 96A must be stored where the enforcement officer directs.
(2)
The registered person for the impounded vehicle is liable to pay the fees and charges for towage and storage that are prescribed or assessed in the manner specified by regulations made under section 167.
(2A)
Subsection (2) does not apply if—
(a)
the registered person, or a person authorised by them, has not claimed the vehicle; or
(b)
the vehicle is released under section 96(6) or (6A), 96AAA(3) or (4), or 96AAB(4) or (5); or
(c)
in the case of a vehicle seized and impounded under section 96AAA, the registered person is a person who—
(i)
held a security interest in the vehicle before its seizure for impoundment; and
(ii)
since the impoundment,—
(A)
repossessed the vehicle under Part 3A of the Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003 or section 109 of the Personal Property Securities Act 1999; and
(B)
became the registered person.
(3)
The fees and charges referred to in subsection (2) are recoverable from the registered person for the impounded vehicle by the vehicle recovery service operator or storage provider.
(3AAA)
The registered person for a motor vehicle impounded under section 96AAA must, within 38 days after the vehicle is seized and impounded,—
(a)
pay the fees and charges for towage and storage referred to in subsection (2); or
(b)
enter into an arrangement with the vehicle recovery operator and the storage provider for the payment of those fees and charges (for example, an arrangement for payment by instalments).
(3A)
The fees and charges referred to in subsection (2) are recoverable from the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice by the vehicle recovery service operator or storage provider if an impounded vehicle is seized, confiscated, or forfeited from impoundment under the Summary Proceedings Act 1957 or the Sentencing Act 2002.
(3B)
The fees and charges referred to in subsection (2) are recoverable from the Commissioner by the vehicle recovery service operator or storage provider if the vehicle is released under—
(a)
(b)
section 102(3) (unless the ground of appeal is the ground set out in section 102(1)(gb)).
(3C)
Subsection (3D) applies to a vehicle recovery service operator or a storage provider who is entitled to recover fees or charges under subsection (3A) or (3B).
(3D)
The vehicle recovery operator or storage provider must repay to the registered person any fees or charges previously recovered from that person in relation to the impoundment within 10 working days after becoming aware of the seizure, confiscation, or forfeiture referred to in subsection (3A) or the direction to release under subsection (3B) (as applicable).
(4)
Nothing in subsection (3) limits or affects any rights against the registered person for the vehicle, or in respect of the vehicle, that may be exercised by the vehicle recovery service operator or storage provider.
(5)
A person may not remove or release from storage an impounded motor vehicle, unless allowed to do so under this Act.
(6)
The storage provider must immediately comply with—
(a)
a direction given under this Act to release the vehicle to the registered person (or the owner, if the vehicle is not registered) or a person authorised for the purpose by the registered person (or owner); or
(b)
a warrant to seize property executed by a bailiff or constable under section 94 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957; or
(c)
a warrant of confiscation under section 132 of the Sentencing Act 2002 executed by a Registrar, bailiff, or constable; or
(d)
an order of forfeiture made under section 142AAB of the Sentencing Act 2002.
(7)
The Commissioner, the chief executive of the Ministry of Justice, or a Registrar, or an enforcement officer authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner, may enter into such arrangements with vehicle recovery service operators and storage providers as they think necessary for the purposes of this section.
(8)
For the purposes of subsection (7), Registrar means any Registrar of the High Court or of the District Court, as the case may require, and includes a Deputy Registrar.
Section 97 heading: amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(2): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(2A): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(3AAA): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(3A): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 24(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 97(3A): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(3B): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(3C): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(3D): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(6): substituted, on 1 December 2009, by section 24(3) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 97(6)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(6)(d): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(10) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(7): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 15(11) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 97(7): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 24(4) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 97(8): added, on 1 December 2009, by section 24(5) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 97(8): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
98 Release of impounded vehicle
(1)
On or after the close of the impoundment period, the relevant person specified in subsection (10), or a person authorised for the purpose by the relevant person, or a bailiff or a constable executing a warrant to seize property under section 94 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, or a Registrar, bailiff, or constable executing a warrant of confiscation under section 132 of the Sentencing Act 2002, is entitled to remove the vehicle from storage by—
(a)
showing the storage provider proof of identity and either,—
(i)
in the case of the relevant person specified in subsection (10), or a person authorised for the purpose by the relevant person, either the relevant person’s copy of the notice of acknowledgement of seizure and impoundment or 1 of the following:
(A)
if the relevant person is the registered person for the vehicle, proof of registration of the vehicle in their name:
(B)
if the relevant person is the owner of the vehicle, proof of ownership of the vehicle; or
(ii)
in the case of a Registrar, bailiff, or constable, the warrant; and
(b)
paying the fees and charges for towage and storage of the vehicle, or entering into an arrangement to pay those fees and charges.
(2)
The storage provider is directed to release the vehicle as soon as practicable after subsections (1), (6), and (7) are satisfied.
(3)
An enforcement officer authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner may order the release of an impounded vehicle at any time before the close of the impoundment period if—
(a)
the vehicle was impounded from an unlicensed driver; and
(b)
that person has paid the fees and charges due for towage and storage of the vehicle as at the time of payment and produces their current driver licence to the officer.
(3A)
In addition to the early release allowed by subsection (3), an enforcement officer authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner may order the release of a vehicle impounded under section 96AAA to the registered person at any time before the close of the impoundment period if the registered person is a person who—
(a)
held a security interest in the vehicle before its seizure for impoundment; and
(b)
since the impoundment,—
(i)
repossessed the vehicle under Part 3A of the Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003 or section 109 of the Personal Property Securities Act 1999; and
(ii)
became the registered person.
(4)
If—
(a)
38 days have passed since the vehicle was impounded (whether it was impounded for 28 days or 6 months); and
(b)
the relevant person specified in subsection (10), or a person authorised for the purpose by the relevant person, has not claimed the vehicle and has not paid the fees and charges for towage and storage of the vehicle or entered into an arrangement to pay those fees and charges; and
(c)
no other person has, within that period, established to the satisfaction of the authorised officer that the person is entitled to possession of the vehicle,—
the storage provider may apply to an enforcement officer authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner for approval to dispose of the vehicle, and any personal property found in the vehicle, and may, with the officer’s approval, dispose of the vehicle, and any personal property found in the vehicle, on the terms and conditions that the officer thinks fit.
(4A)
In making a decision under subsection (4) in relation to a vehicle impounded under section 96AAA (and any personal property found in the vehicle), the enforcement officer must have regard to whether the Police intend to take any of the following proceedings:
(a)
proceedings against the driver of the vehicle who failed to stop (or remain stopped):
(b)
proceedings against the registered person for, or hirer of, the motor vehicle who, without reasonable excuse, failed or refused to provide information or provided false or misleading information in response to a request under section 118(4).
(4B)
If the relevant person specified in subsection (10) has lodged an appeal under section 102 or 110, the enforcement officer must not approve the disposal of the vehicle (and any personal property found in it) before the appeal is determined.
(5)
On obtaining approval under subsection (4), the storage provider becomes the owner of the vehicle, and any personal property found in the vehicle, for all purposes.
(6)
However, before disposing of a motor vehicle under subsection (4), a storage provider must—
(a)
search the personal property securities register to identify every person with a security interest in the motor vehicle; and
(b)
notify in writing every person with a security interest in the motor vehicle.
(7)
Before removing a vehicle under subsection (1), a bailiff or constable executing a warrant to seize property under section 94 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, or a Registrar, bailiff, or constable executing a warrant of confiscation under section 132 of the Sentencing Act 2002, must—
(a)
pay any unpaid fees and charges referred to in section 97(2) related to the vehicle to be removed; or
(b)
enter into an arrangement with the storage provider for the payment of any unpaid fees and charges that the registered person for the impounded vehicle is liable to pay under section 97(2) in relation to the vehicle to be removed.
(8)
For the purposes of subsection (6), security interest has the same meaning as in section 17 of the Personal Property Securities Act 1999.
(9)
Despite anything in subsections (1) to (8),—
(a)
in the case of a bailiff or constable executing a warrant to seize property under section 94 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, the period during which an impounded vehicle may be seized—
(i)
begins immediately on the expiry of the applicable 14-day appeal period specified in section 102; and
(ii)
ends when—
(A)
the vehicle is released under subsection (1); or
(B)
the storage provider becomes the owner of the vehicle under subsection (5):
(b)
in the case of a Registrar, bailiff, or constable executing a warrant of confiscation under section 132 of the Sentencing Act 2002, the period during which an impounded vehicle may be seized—
(i)
begins immediately on the impoundment of the vehicle; and
(ii)
ends when—
(A)
the vehicle is released under subsection (1); or
(B)
the storage provider becomes the owner of the vehicle under subsection (5).
(10)
For the purposes of subsections (1) and (4)(b), the relevant person is—
(a)
the registered person, if the vehicle is registered; or
(b)
if the vehicle is not registered, a person who the enforcement officer is satisfied is the owner of the vehicle.
(11)
In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, impoundment period means,—
(a)
for a vehicle impounded under section 96, 96AAB, or 96A, the 28-day period for which the vehicle was impounded:
(b)
for a vehicle impounded under section 96AAA, the 6-month period for which the vehicle was impounded.
Section 98 heading: amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(1): substituted, on 1 December 2009, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(1)(a)(i): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(2): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 25(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(3)(b): editorial change made by the PCO, on 22 November 2024, under sections 86(1) and 87(l)(i) and (iv) of the Legislation Act 2019 (2019 No 58).
Section 98(3)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(3A): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(4): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 25(3) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98(4)(a): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(7) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(4)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(4A): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(4B): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(5): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 25(4) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98(6): added, on 1 November 2009, by section 21 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 98(7): added, as section 98(6), on 1 December 2009, by section 25(5) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98(7) subsection number: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 62(2)(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 98(7)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(10) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(8): added, as section 98(7), on 1 November 2009, by section 21 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 98(8) subsection number: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 62(2)(b) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 98(9): added, as section 98(7), on 1 December 2009, by section 25(5) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98(9) subsection number: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 62(2)(c) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 98(9): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 62(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 98(10): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(11) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98(11): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 16(11) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Prohibiting sale or disposal of motor vehicles
Heading: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
98A Commissioner may prohibit sale or disposal of certain motor vehicles
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
a person is charged with an offence under this Act or any other enactment that would, if the person is convicted of the offence, permit or require a court to order—
(i)
the confiscation of the person’s motor vehicle under the Sentencing Act 2002; or
(ii)
the forfeiture of the vehicle under section 142AAB of that Act; and
(b)
the Commissioner believes, on reasonable grounds in the circumstances, that the court would, if the person is convicted of the offence, order that confiscation or forfeiture.
(2)
If this section applies, the Commissioner may prohibit the sale or disposal of the motor vehicle by giving notice in the prescribed form to—
(a)
the person who is charged; and
(b)
the registered person of the motor vehicle (if a person other than the person who is charged).
(3)
A person notified under subsection (2) may not sell, or dispose of,—
(a)
the motor vehicle specified in the notice:
(b)
any parts of the motor vehicle specified in the notice.
(4)
The Commissioner—
(a)
must cancel the notice given under subsection (2) if the person charged—
(i)
does not own, or does not have a legal or equitable interest in, the motor vehicle specified in the notice; or
(ii)
is not convicted of an offence that would permit or require a court to order the confiscation of the person’s motor vehicle under the Sentencing Act 2002; or
(iii)
is convicted of such an offence but a court does not order the confiscation of the person’s motor vehicle under the Sentencing Act 2002; or
(b)
may cancel the notice given under subsection (2) if—
(i)
the motor vehicle specified in the notice was stolen or converted at the time the person charged used it in a way that gave rise to the charge; or
(ii)
the registered person for the motor vehicle specified in the notice took all reasonable steps to prevent the person charged from using the vehicle in a way that gave rise to the charge; or
(iii)
the Commissioner is satisfied that prohibiting the sale of the motor vehicle specified in the notice would entail undue hardship to the person charged, registered person for the motor vehicle, or any other person.
Section 98A: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 98A(1): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 17(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98A(4)(b)(ii): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 17(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 98A(4)(b)(iii): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 17(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
98B Appeal of notice to District Court
(1)
Any person who is given notice under section 98A may appeal to the District Court against the Commissioner’s decision to give the notice.
(2)
The court must determine the appeal on 1 or more of the grounds specified in section 98A(4).
(3)
The court may confirm or cancel the notice.
(4)
Every notice appealed against under this section continues in force pending the determination of the appeal, and no person is excused from complying with the notice on the ground that an appeal is pending.
Section 98B: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Part 7A Immobilising devices applied to parked motor vehicles
Part 7A: inserted, on 2 January 2020, by section 4 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
98C Interpretation
In this Part,—
immobilising device means a wheel clamp or other device that is intended to immobilise a motor vehicle or restrict or impede its movement
operator means a person who has control over an immobilising device
parking place means a place on a road on which a person is able to park their motor vehicle
prescribed amount means the amount prescribed in regulations made under section 167(1)(md), but if no regulations are made, the prescribed amount is $100 (inclusive of GST).
Section 98C: inserted, on 2 January 2020, by section 4 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
98D Immobilising devices applied to parked motor vehicles
(1)
This section applies if an operator applies an immobilising device to a motor vehicle parked in a parking place, unless—
(a)
the parking place is on a road under the control of an enforcement authority who may issue infringement notices for parking offences under this Act; or
(b)
the operator’s actions are authorised by or under an enactment.
(2)
The operator—
(a)
must not require the person in charge of the motor vehicle to pay a fee (relating to the removal of the immobilising device or any other matter) that exceeds the prescribed amount; and
(b)
may require the fee to be paid before the immobilising device is removed; and
(c)
must, when requested by the person in charge of the motor vehicle, remove, or arrange for the removal of, the immobilising device—
(i)
as soon as is reasonably practicable after the fee is paid; or
(ii)
if there is no fee, at the direction of the person in charge of the motor vehicle.
(3)
The operator must be reasonably available to respond to a request by the person in charge of the motor vehicle relating to the removal of the immobilising device.
(4)
A person who contravenes subsection (2)(a) or (c) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $3,000, in the case of an individual, or $15,000, in the case of a body corporate.
(5)
If the operator fails to comply with subsection (2)(c) or fails to comply with subsection (3) after the person in charge of the motor vehicle has made reasonable efforts to contact the operator, the person in charge of the motor vehicle—
(a)
may remove or arrange for the removal of the immobilising device from the motor vehicle; and
(b)
is not under any civil or criminal liability for the removal if it causes as little damage to the immobilising device as is reasonably possible.
(6)
This section does not of itself authorise an operator to apply an immobilising device to a motor vehicle parked in a parking place.
Section 98D: inserted, on 2 January 2020, by section 4 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
98E Enforcement of section 98D and related matters
(1)
For the purpose of enforcing section 98D, and without limiting section 113, an enforcement officer may remain in a parking place to—
(a)
direct an operator to remove an immobilising device from a motor vehicle within a specified time; and
(b)
remove an immobilising device from a motor vehicle or arrange for its removal.
(2)
A person may enter and remain in a parking place for the purpose of removing an immobilising device from a motor vehicle if an enforcement officer or the person in charge of the motor vehicle has arranged in accordance with this section or section 98D for the person to remove the device.
(3)
In considering whether an operator has complied with section 98D(3) and without limiting the generality of that section, regard must be had to any criteria prescribed in regulations.
(4)
To avoid doubt, section 98D(4) does not prevent a matter from being brought before the Disputes Tribunal established under section 4 of the Disputes Tribunal Act 1988 for the exercise of that tribunal’s jurisdiction under that Act.
(5)
In any proceedings before a Disputes Tribunal where an operator claims an amount in respect of a dispute to which section 98D applies, no more than the prescribed amount may be claimed.
(6)
Nothing in subsection (5) affects proceedings before a Disputes Tribunal relating to any damage caused to an immobilising device as a result of its removal from a motor vehicle.
Section 98E: inserted, on 2 January 2020, by section 4 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
Part 8 Mitigation of penalties and rights of appeal
Removal of disqualifications
99 Court may reduce disqualification
(1)
A person (the applicant) who by order of a court is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence may from time to time apply to a court to reduce the disqualification or disqualifications if the person, on the date that the application is made,—
(a)
has more than 1 year of an existing disqualification or disqualifications left to serve; and
(b)
has not been convicted in the previous 2 years of offences against any of the following sections of this Act:
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(via)
(viaa)
(viab)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(c)
has not been convicted in the previous 2 years or concurrently of an offence against section 171 of the Crimes Act 1961 (manslaughter) in which the manslaughter was the result of driving a motor vehicle; and
(d)
has not been convicted of offences against section 32(1)(a) or (b) or (c) in the last 6 months.
(1A)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), (c), and (d), the date on which a person has been convicted is the date on which a conviction has been entered against that person.
(2)
On an application under subsection (1), the court may, having regard to the character of the applicant and the applicant’s conduct since the order was made, the nature of the offence, and any other circumstances of the case, either—
(a)
reduce the disqualification as from such date as may be specified in the order or refuse the application; or
(b)
treat the application as an application for an order under section 105 (for the grant of a limited licence) and make an order accordingly under that section.
(3)
In having regard under subsection (2) to the conduct of the applicant subsequent to an order disqualifying the applicant from holding or obtaining a driver licence, the court must have regard to—
(a)
whether or not the opportunity to attend a programme approved under section 99A was reasonably available to the applicant; and
(b)
whether or not the applicant attended that approved programme; and
(c)
any report of a person conducting such an approved programme on the conduct of the applicant, and on the applicant’s awareness of the responsibilities of drivers and suitability to hold or obtain a driver licence; and
(d)
any report which relates to the medical condition of the applicant and which is from a health practitioner attached to an assessment centre attended by the person other than under an order made under section 65.
(4)
If an application under this section is refused,—
(a)
the court may accept a further application in respect of the same order if satisfied that the application is supported by relevant evidence that was not available when the previous application was heard; but
(b)
otherwise, a further application in respect of the same order may not be considered until at least 3 months after the date of that refusal.
(5)
If the disqualification was ordered by the District Court, every application under this section concerning that disqualification must be made to a District Court Judge.
(6)
If a court makes an order under this section and the person to whom it applies is, before the end of the period for which the original order of disqualification was made, convicted of an offence for which the applicant is liable for disqualification, the court must, whether or not it imposes a penalty for that offence, order that the applicant be disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence for the balance of the disqualification period specified in the original order.
(7)
No application or order under this section may be made by or apply to a person who is subject to an alcohol interlock sentence or to an order made under section 65 disqualifying the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 39
Section 99 heading: amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(1): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(1)(b)(iv): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 99(1)(b)(via): inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 99(1)(b)(viaa): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 99(1)(b)(viab): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 99(1)(b)(x): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 39(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 99(1A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(2)(a): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(3)(a): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(3)(b): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(3)(c): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(3)(d): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 17 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 99(3)(d): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 99(5): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 99(5): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 53(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99(7): amended, on 1 July 2018, by section 32 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
99A Director may approve programmes
(1)
The Director may approve any programme for the purposes of sections 32 and 99.
(2)
When approving a programme, the Director may consult with any persons that the Director considers appropriate having regard to the nature of the programme and the persons to whom it is targeted.
Section 99A: inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 54 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 99A heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 92(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 99A(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 92(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 99A(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 92(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
100 Director to remove certain disqualifications
(1)
If an order has been made under section 65 in respect of a person (the applicant), the Director must make an order removing the disqualification of the applicant from holding or obtaining a driver licence, if satisfied that—
(a)
the applicant is a fit person to hold a driver licence, having regard to—
(i)
a report which is from a health practitioner attached to an assessment centre and which is made available to the Director by the applicant or the assessment centre; and
(ii)
any other evidence submitted by the applicant or otherwise available to the Director relating to the medical condition of the applicant.
(b)
[Repealed](2)
If the Director makes an order under subsection (1), every order made under section 65 that applies to the applicant concerned must be treated as having expired.
(3)
No order may be made under subsection (1) if the applicant concerned is subject to an order made under section 65 that has been in force less than 1 year and 1 day.
(4)
If the Director decides not to remove the disqualification under subsection (1), the Director must refer the applicant to the right of appeal under section 108.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30C
Section 100 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 93(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 93(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100(1)(a)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 93(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100(1)(a)(i): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 18 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 100(1)(a)(i): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48)
Section 100(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 93(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100(1)(b): repealed, on 16 January 2006, by section 55(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 100(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 93(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100(3): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 55(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 100(4): inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 33 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 100(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 93(5) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
100A Director may authorise removal of alcohol interlock device and certify that requirements of alcohol interlock sentence have been fulfilled
(1)
If satisfied that the holder of an alcohol interlock licence (the applicant) is a fit person to hold a driver licence and has complied with section 65AG, the Director must—
(a)
authorise the removal of the alcohol interlock device from every motor vehicle or vehicle the person drives; and
(b)
certify that the requirements of the alcohol interlock sentence have been fulfilled.
(2)
If the Director acts under subsection (1), every order made under section 65AC(1) that applies to the applicant must be treated as having expired.
(3)
If the Director does not act under subsection (1), the Director must refer the applicant to the right of appeal under section 108(1).
Section 100A: replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 34 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 100A heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 94(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100A(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 94(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100A(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 94(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 100A(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 94(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
100B Court may cancel alcohol interlock sentence and disqualify driver instead
(1)
A person may apply to a court seeking the cancellation of an alcohol interlock sentence if the person’s personal circumstances have changed significantly.
(2)
The court may cancel an alcohol interlock sentence, and if it does so, the court must—
(a)
disqualify the person from holding or obtaining a driver licence for the period that is appropriate under the provision relating to the qualifying offence that would have applied under section 65AI if an exception described in section 65AB(2) had applied to the person; and
(b)
authorise the person to apply for a zero alcohol licence at the end of the period of disqualification.
(3)
The court may set the length of the disqualification imposed under subsection (2)(a) after having regard to—
(a)
the length of time that has elapsed since the alcohol interlock sentence was imposed; and
(b)
the person’s compliance with section 65AG.
Section 100B: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 34 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
100C Court may impose alcohol interlock sentence if exception no longer applies
(1)
A person may apply to a court seeking an alcohol interlock sentence if—
(a)
an exception described in section 65AB(2) applied to the person and therefore the person was disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence in accordance with section 65AI; but
(b)
the exception no longer applies.
(2)
The court may cancel the person’s disqualification, and if it does so, the court must impose an alcohol interlock sentence.
Section 100C: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 34 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Removal of licence suspension and return of impounded vehicles
101 Appeal to Director against mandatory suspension of driver licence
(1)
A person whose driver licence has been suspended under section 95 may appeal to the Director against the suspension on the grounds that—
(a)
the person was not the driver of the vehicle at the time of the act or omission to which that section applies; or
(b)
the enforcement officer did not have reasonable grounds of belief as required by section 95 or did not give a notice that complied with subsection (2) of that section.
(2)
An appeal under this section must be set out in a statutory declaration.
(3)
The Director must, within 5 working days after an appeal under this section is lodged, either—
(a)
remove the suspension immediately, if satisfied that a ground referred to in subsection (1) has been established; or
(b)
dismiss the appeal.
(4)
If a suspension is removed under subsection (3)(a), the suspension ceases to have effect when that decision is made and the Director must return the licence to the holder’s last known place of residence or business or postal address, or to the holder at an office of the Agency.
(5)
The Director may refuse to consider an appeal under this section if satisfied that the appeal is frivolous or vexatious, or that the appellant has provided insufficient information.
Section 101 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 95(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 101(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 95(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 101(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 95(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 101(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 95(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 101(4): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 101(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 95(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
102 Appeal to Police against impoundment of vehicle
(1)
A relevant person specified in subsection (6) whose motor vehicle has been seized and impounded under section 96, 96AAA, 96AAB, or 96A may appeal to the Police against the seizure and impoundment on the grounds that—
(a)
the impounded vehicle was a stolen or converted vehicle at the time of the seizure and impoundment; or
(b)
the enforcement officer who seized the vehicle did not—
(i)
have reasonable grounds of belief as required by section 96, 96AAA, 96AAB, or 96A; or
(ii)
comply with the notice requirements in section 96(2) (including as applied by section 96AAA(2) or 96AAB(3)) or 96A(2) (whichever applies); or
(c)
the relevant person did not know and could not reasonably have been expected to know that the driver was not permitted to drive; or
(d)
the relevant person took all reasonable steps to prevent the driver from driving the vehicle; or
(e)
the driver drove the vehicle in a serious medical emergency (which for the purpose of this paragraph includes carrying a person who is about to give birth); or
(f)
if section 96(1AA) or (1A), 96AAA, or 96AAB applies, the relevant person did not know and could not reasonably be expected to know that the operator or hirer of the vehicle would contravene section 22A(1) or (3), 22AF, 114, or 118(4) (whichever applies); or
(g)
if section 96(1AA) or (1A), 96AAA, or 96AAB applies, the relevant person took all reasonable steps to prevent the operator or hirer of the vehicle from contravening section 22A(1) or (3), 22AF, 114, or 118(4) (whichever applies); or
(ga)
if section 96AAA applies, the relevant person specified in subsection (6)—
(i)
was not the person driving the vehicle when the vehicle failed to stop (or remain stopped); and
(ii)
either—
(A)
did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, the identity of the driver; or
(B)
has otherwise provided the information requested under section 118(4); or
(gb)
if section 96AAA applies, release of the vehicle to the relevant person is appropriate because—
(i)
the seizure and impoundment of the vehicle have resulted or will result in—
(A)
extreme hardship to the relevant person (whether in relation to employment or otherwise); or
(B)
undue hardship to a person other than the relevant person (whether in relation to employment or otherwise); and
(ii)
release of the vehicle is not contrary to the interests of road safety; or
(h)
if section 96A applies, the relevant person did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that the operator of the transport service in which the vehicle was being used—
(i)
was disqualified from holding a transport service licence; or
(ii)
had the relevant transport service licence suspended or revoked; or
(iii)
did not hold a transport service licence and had previously been forbidden to operate a transport service.
(2)
An appeal under this section must be set out in a statutory declaration and lodged no later than 14 days after the date on which the vehicle is seized and impounded.
(3)
An enforcement officer authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner may hear and determine the appeal, and, if satisfied that a ground referred to in subsection (1) has been established,—
(a)
the authorised officer must direct that the vehicle be released immediately to the relevant person specified in subsection (6) or a person authorised by the relevant person; and
(b)
if a direction in respect of the vehicle has been given under section 96(1B), the authorised officer must cancel the direction unless they believe on reasonable grounds that the vehicle does not comply with the provisions of the regulations or the rules.
(4)
The authorised officer must consider and determine the appeal as soon as reasonably practicable, and,—
(a)
in the case of an appeal lodged on the ground set out in subsection (1)(a), determine the appeal not later than 2 working days after the day of lodgement:
(b)
in any other case, determine the appeal not later than 5 working days after the day of lodgement.
(5)
The authorised officer may refuse to consider an appeal under this section if satisfied that the appeal is frivolous or vexatious, or that the appellant has provided insufficient information.
(6)
For the purposes of subsections (1) and (3)(a), the relevant person is—
(a)
the registered person for the vehicle, if the vehicle is registered; or
(b)
if the vehicle is not registered, a person who the enforcement officer is satisfied is the owner of the vehicle.
Section 102(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(b): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(c): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(d): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(e): amended, on 2 May 2003, by section 9(1) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 102(1)(f): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(g): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(ga): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 43(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 102(1)(ga): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(gb): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(1)(h): added, on 1 October 2007, by section 56(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 102(1)(h): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(2): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 27(3) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 102(3): substituted, on 2 May 2003, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 102(3)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(7)(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(3)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(7)(b) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(3)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(8) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 102(6): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 18(9) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Grant of limited licence
103 Persons who may apply to court for limited licence
(1)
Unless prevented by subsection (2), the following persons may apply for an order under section 105 authorising the grant of a limited licence:
(a)
persons who are disqualified by an order made under this Act from holding or obtaining a driver licence:
(b)
persons who are subject to a licence suspension under section 90 (as a result of demerit points).
(2)
The following persons may not apply under this section for an order under section 105 authorising the grant of a limited licence:
(a)
a person who is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence by an order made under section 65 (which relates to repeat offences involving alcohol or drugs):
(b)
a person who is disqualified from driving a vehicle being used in a transport service (other than a rental service) by virtue of section 63, if the limited licence would authorise the person to drive a vehicle being used in a transport service (other than a rental service):
(c)
a person who is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence by an order made on his or her conviction for an offence against section 32(1) (which relates to driving while disqualified or contrary to a limited licence):
(d)
a person who is disqualified by an order made on his or her conviction—
(i)
for an offence against any of sections 35, 36, 38, and 39 (which relate to reckless or dangerous driving, careless or inconsiderate driving causing injury or death, and failing to stop after an accident); or
(ii)
(iii)
for an offence against section 33(1) (which relates to applying for or obtaining a driver licence while disqualified from doing so); or
(iv)
for an offence against a provision of the Transport Act 1962 that corresponds to an offence specified in any of subparagraphs (i) to (iii)—
committed within 5 years after the commission of any other offence specified in this paragraph and arising from a different incident (whether or not both offences are of the same kind, regardless of when convictions were entered for those offences):
(e)
a person who—
(i)
is subject to an alcohol interlock sentence under section 65AC; or
(ii)
would have been subject to an alcohol interlock sentence but an exception described in section 65AB(2) applied:
(f)
a person in respect of whom a driver licence stop order is in effect.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 38(1)–(1B)
Section 103(2)(d)(ii): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 31 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 103(2)(d)(iii): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 57 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 103(2)(d)(iv): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 57 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 103(2)(e): replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 35 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 103(2)(f): inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 10 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
104 Issue of limited licence to be delayed or prohibited in certain cases
(1)
No order may be made under section 105 that authorises a person to obtain a limited licence before the expiration of 28 days from the date the order of disqualification takes effect if the person is disqualified on conviction—
(a)
for an offence against this Act or the Transport Act 1962 involving driving hours or logbooks; or
(b)
for an offence against any of sections 35, 36, 38, and 39 (which relate to reckless or dangerous driving, careless or inconsiderate driving causing injury or death, and failing to stop after an accident); or
(c)
(d)
for an offence against section 33(1) (which relates to applying for or obtaining a driver licence while disqualified from doing so); or
(e)
for an offence against section 42 (which relates to insecure loads on vehicles).
(2)
An order may be made under section 105 authorising a person to drive a motor vehicle of a particular class only if the person held a driver licence or endorsement for that class immediately before he or she was disqualified.
(3)
No order may be made under section 105 authorising a person to drive a motor vehicle—
(a)
for the purposes of conducting driving tests or acting as a driving instructor; or
(b)
in a passenger service, unless the accumulation of demerit points is the only reason for the suspension of that person’s driver licence.
(4)
Unless the parties agree in a particular case that compliance with this subsection is not required, no order may be made under section 105 until every person who has made an affidavit filed in support of the application for the order has appeared before the court for examination on the contents of his or her affidavit.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 38(2)(a)–(c)
Section 104(1)(c): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 32 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 104(2): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 65 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 104(3): substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 58 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
105 Court may make order authorising grant of limited licence
(1)
A court may at any time make an order under this section authorising the applicant to obtain, immediately or after the expiration of such period as the court may specify, a driver licence (a limited licence) authorising the applicant to drive to such extent (being the least extent that it is necessary to alleviate extreme or undue hardship) as the court specifies in the order.
(2)
The court may make an order under this section if satisfied that—
(a)
the disqualification or suspension has resulted or will result in—
(i)
extreme hardship to the applicant (whether in relation to employment or otherwise); or
(ii)
undue hardship to a person other than the applicant (whether in relation to employment or otherwise); and
(ab)
the applicant meets the criteria specified in sections 103 and 104; and
(b)
an order under this section is not contrary to the interests of public safety.
(3)
In making an order under this section, the court—
(a)
must specify—
(i)
the purpose for which the limited licence is issued; and
(ii)
the particular vehicle or the type of vehicle which may be driven; and
(iii)
the days of the week and times at which that vehicle may be driven; and
(iv)
such other matters as may be necessary to limit the order to alleviating the hardship which was alleged and proved; and
(b)
may specify in the order such other matters as the court thinks fit.
(4)
If the application relates to a disqualification order made by the District Court, the application must be made to a District Court Judge exercising jurisdiction in the court by which the order was made.
(5)
If an application under this section is refused,—
(a)
the court may accept a further application in respect of the same order if satisfied that the application is supported by relevant evidence that was not available when the previous application was heard; but
(b)
otherwise, a further application in respect of the same order may not be considered until at least 3 months after the date of that refusal.
(6)
Subject to subsection (6A) and section 30(5), if the court makes an order under this section, the Director must, subject to the provisions of this Act, issue to the person entitled to it a limited licence in accordance with the order even though—
(a)
the person’s driver licence is suspended under section 90; or
(b)
the person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(6A)
If, after the court makes an order under this section, the Director becomes aware that the applicant is not entitled to apply for or be granted a limited licence in accordance with sections 103 and 104, the Director may—
(a)
decline to issue the limited licence; and
(b)
refer the applicant to the right of appeal under section 106.
(7)
If the holder of a limited licence, or a person who is authorised to obtain a limited licence but has not become the holder of such a licence, is convicted of an offence for which an order of disqualification is imposed,—
(a)
the limited licence is revoked or may not be issued (as the case may be) and the original order of disqualification is revived and has effect for the balance of the term for which it was originally imposed; and
(b)
unless the court orders otherwise, the period of disqualification under the revived order of disqualification runs concurrently with the order of disqualification in respect of the second offence.
(7A)
If a driver licence stop order takes effect in respect of a person who holds a limited licence or is authorised to obtain a limited licence, then the limited licence—
(a)
is revoked or may not be issued (as the case may be); and
(b)
may, when a driver licence stop order is cancelled under section 91G or terminated under section 91H, be reissued or issued (as the case may be) unless the person is otherwise disqualified from holding a limited licence.
(8)
A person who holds a limited licence that is revoked under subsection (7) must immediately surrender their photographic driver licence to the court by which the person was convicted, to an enforcement officer, or at an office of the Agency (whether or not demand is made on the person).
(8A)
The holder of a limited licence that is revoked under subsection (7A) must immediately, and whether demand is made on the holder or not, surrender his or her photographic driver licence to an employee or agent of the Ministry of Justice or at an office of that Ministry or at the court.
(9)
Despite section 104(3)(b), the court may not make an order under this section unless the applicant satisfies the court that no more than 20 of the demerit points were accumulated while driving in a passenger service.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 38(2)–(9)
Section 105(2)(ab): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 66(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 105(4): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 105(6): substituted, on 23 July 2011, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 105(6): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 96(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 105(6A): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 66(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 105(6A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 96(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 105(7)(a): amended, on 23 July 2011, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 105(7A): inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 11(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 105(8): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 96(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 105(8A): inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 11(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 105(9): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 59 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Rights of appeal
106 General right of appeal to District Court
(1)
Any person who is dissatisfied with any decision made under this Act by the Director in respect of the grant, issue, revocation, or suspension of a land transport document sought or held by that person may appeal to the District Court against that decision.
(2)
The court may confirm, reverse, or modify the decision appealed against.
(3)
Every decision of the Director appealed against under this section continues in force pending the determination of the appeal, and no person is excused from complying with any of the provisions of this Act on the ground that any appeal is pending.
(4)
Even though an appeal under this section may have been determined in favour of the appellant, the Director may, subject to the like right of appeal, refuse to deal with in accordance with the provisions of this Act the matter of the grant, issue, revocation, or suspension of the land transport document concerned on any sufficient grounds supported by facts or evidence discovered since the hearing of the appeal.
(5)
Subsection (1) does not apply—
(a)
if a right of appeal to the District Court against the decision concerned is conferred by any other section of this Act:
(b)
to any decision made in relation to a class exemption, including a decision to grant (or not to grant), to amend, or to revoke a class exemption.
Section 106(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 97 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 106(1): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 106(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 97 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 106(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 97 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 106(5): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 6 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
107 Appeals against court orders relating to disqualification or grant of limited licence, and deferral of disqualification
(1)
A person who has been disqualified by order of the District Court from holding or obtaining a driver licence may appeal to the High Court against a decision of the District Court by—
(a)
refusing to grant the person a limited licence; or
(b)
refusing to reduce the person’s disqualification.
(2)
If it thinks fit, the District Court may, on an application by a person who has appealed to the High Court under subsection (1) or Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011, defer the operation of the disqualification order pending the determination of the appeal.
(2A)
If the District Court refuses to defer the operation of the disqualification order pending the appeal, the person who applied for the disqualification order to be deferred may appeal to the High Court against that decision of the District Court.
(2B)
Subpart 2 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 applies, with the necessary modifications, to an appeal to the High Court under subsection (1) or subsection (2A).
(3)
A person who is disqualified by an order of the High Court from holding or obtaining a driver licence may, with the leave of the Court of Appeal, appeal to that court against a decision of the High Court—
(a)
refusing to grant the person a limited licence; or
(b)
refusing to remove the person’s disqualification;—
and the provisions of subpart 2 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 applies with the necessary modifications, as if it were an appeal under that section.
(4)
If an application is made to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal to that court against a sentence of the District Court or the High Court that is or includes an order of disqualification, the High Court may, if it thinks fit, defer the operation of the order pending the application for leave to appeal and, if leave is granted, pending the determination of the appeal.
(5)
If any such appeal to the High Court or Court of Appeal is allowed, whether in whole or in part, the Registrar of the High Court must notify the Director of the result of the appeal.
(6)
In determining the period for which a person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence, any time during which the operation of the disqualification order is deferred under this section must be disregarded.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 41
Section 107(1): substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 60 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 107(1): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 107(2): substituted, on 22 June 2005, by section 60 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 107(2): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 107(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 107(2A): inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 60 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 107(2B): inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 60 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 107(2B): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 107(3): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 107(4): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 107(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 98 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
108 Appeal against Director’s refusal to remove disqualification or replace alcohol interlock licence with zero alcohol licence
(1)
A person may appeal to the District Court against the refusal of the Director to—
(a)
remove a disqualification under section 100; or
(b)
replace an alcohol interlock licence with a zero alcohol licence under section 100A.
(2)
In determining the appeal, the court may—
(a)
direct the Director to remove a disqualification or replace an alcohol interlock licence with a zero alcohol licence; or
(b)
dismiss the appeal.
Section 108: replaced, on 1 July 2018, by section 36 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 108 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 99(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 108(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 99(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 108(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 99(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
109 Appeal against refusal of Director to remove suspension of driver licence
(1)
A person who unsuccessfully appeals to the Director under section 101 may, on any grounds set out in subsection (1) of that section, appeal to the District Court against the decision under that section.
(2)
The court must determine the appeal on 1 or more of the grounds set out in subsection (1) or subsection (5) of section 101 and may not consider any other grounds.
(3)
The court may—
(a)
direct that the suspension be removed, in which case that direction has effect as if it had been made under section 101 by the Director; or
(b)
dismiss the appeal.
Section 109 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 100(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 109(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 100(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 109(1): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 109(3)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 100(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
110 Appeal against refusal of Police to direct release of impounded vehicle
(1)
A person who unsuccessfully appeals to an enforcement officer under section 102 may, on any grounds set out in subsection (1) of that section, appeal to the District Court against the decision under that section.
(1A)
If a person fails to lodge an appeal under section 102 within the time specified, the person may, if an enforcement officer agrees, appeal to the District Court.
(1B)
An enforcement officer may agree in writing to an appeal under subsection (1A) if the enforcement officer is satisfied that there are exceptional circumstances that prevented the filing of the appeal within the time specified under section 102(2).
(2)
The court must determine the appeal on 1 or more of the applicable grounds set out in subsection (1) or subsection (5) of section 102 and may not consider any other grounds.
(3)
The court may—
(a)
make an order—
(i)
directing that the vehicle be released immediately to the person, in which case that direction has effect as if it had been made under section 102 by the authorised enforcement officer; and
(ii)
if an enforcement officer has given a direction in respect of the vehicle under section 96(1B), cancelling that direction unless the court is satisfied that the vehicle does not comply with the provisions of the regulations or the rules; or
(b)
dismiss the appeal.
Section 110(1): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 110(1A): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 110(1A): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 110(1B): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 110(2): amended, on 2 May 2003, by section 10(1) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
Section 110(3): substituted, on 2 May 2003, by section 10(2) of the Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11).
111 Procedure
(1)
Every appeal under this Act to the District Court must be brought, by way of originating application, not later than 28 days after the date on which the appellant was notified of the decision appealed against, or within such further period as the District Court may allow.
(2)
In dealing with an appeal under this Act, the District Court may hear all evidence tendered and representations made by or on behalf of any party to the appeal that the court considers relevant to the appeal, whether or not that evidence would be otherwise admissible in that court.
(3)
Every such appeal must be made and determined in accordance with the District Court Act 2016 and the rules of court made under that Act, but the application of that Act and those rules is subject to the other provisions of this section.
(4)
Subject to sections 107, 111A, and 111B, the decision of the District Court on any appeal under this Act is final.
Section 111(1): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 111(2): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 111(3): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 111(4): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 61(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
111A Appeal to High Court on question of law
(1)
A party to an appeal under section 106 who is dissatisfied with the decision of the District Court on the grounds that it is erroneous in law may appeal to the High Court on that question of law.
(2)
An appeal under this section must be heard and determined in accordance with the rules of the High Court.
Section 111A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 61(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
111B Further appeal to Court of Appeal
(1)
This section applies to appeals under this Act with respect to the offences specified in Part 6A.
(2)
If this section applies, a party to an appeal who is dissatisfied with the decision of the High Court in respect of the appeal as being erroneous in law may, with the leave of the High Court or (if that leave is declined) with special leave of the Court of Appeal, appeal to the Court of Appeal on that question of law.
(3)
The Court of Appeal may make any order or determination that it thinks fit in relation to the appeal.
(4)
The decision of the Court of Appeal on an appeal or any application for leave to appeal is final.
(5)
Except as provided in this section, the procedures in respect of an appeal under this section must be in accordance with the ordinary rules of court.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 46
Section 111B: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 61(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Demerit points
112 Effect of appeal on demerit points
(1)
If a person appeals against a conviction for an offence to which section 88 applies (which section relates to offences attracting demerit points),—
(a)
no demerit points may be recorded in relation to the offence pending the determination of the appeal:
(b)
a recording of demerit points made in relation to the offence before the filing of the notice of appeal and any disqualification imposed as a result is cancelled:
(c)
if on the determination of the appeal the conviction is upheld, or if the appeal is abandoned or is dismissed for want of prosecution, demerit points must be recorded in relation to the offence.
(2)
The Registrar of the court in which the appellant was convicted must notify the Director of the filing of the notice of appeal and of the result of the determination of the appeal, or of the abandonment or dismissal of the appeal.
(3)
If a conviction for an offence to which section 88 applies is quashed on an application for judicial review, demerit points may not be recorded for that offence or (if recorded) the Director must cancel the demerit points recorded and any disqualification imposed for that offence.
Section 112(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 101 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 101 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Enforceable undertakings
Heading: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112A Director may accept enforceable undertakings
(1)
The Director may accept an enforceable undertaking given by a person in writing in connection with a matter relating to a contravention or an alleged contravention by the person under any land transport Act (the contravention or alleged contravention).
(2)
However, the Director may refuse to accept the undertaking if it does not provide for the reimbursement of any costs and expenses of the Agency and the Director incurred in relation to—
(a)
the undertaking; and
(b)
the contravention or alleged contravention.
(3)
The Director must not accept an undertaking if the Director believes that the contravention or alleged contravention would amount to an offence against any of sections 36AA, 38, 39, 61, or 62 of this Act.
(4)
The giving of an undertaking does not constitute an admission of guilt by the person giving it in relation to the contravention or alleged contravention to which the undertaking relates.
(5)
To avoid doubt, the costs and expenses of the Agency or the Director include any costs or expenses incurred in relation to an employee, agent, or contractor of the Agency or the Director.
Section 112A: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112A heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112A(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112A(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112A(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112A(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112B Notice of decision and reasons for decision
(1)
The Director must give the person seeking to make an enforceable undertaking written notice of—
(a)
the Director’s decision to accept or reject the undertaking; and
(b)
the reasons for the decision.
(2)
The Director must publish, on the Agency’s Internet site, notice of a decision to accept an enforceable undertaking and the reasons for that decision.
Section 112B: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112B(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112B(1)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112B(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112C When enforceable undertaking is enforceable
An enforceable undertaking takes effect and becomes enforceable when the Director’s decision to accept the undertaking is given to the person who made the undertaking, or at any later date specified by the Director.
Section 112C: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112C: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112D Compliance with enforceable undertaking
(1)
A person must not contravene an enforceable undertaking given by that person that is in force.
(2)
A person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on conviction,—
(a)
for an individual, to a fine not exceeding $20,000:
(b)
for a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $100,000.
Section 112D: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112E Contravention of enforceable undertaking
(1)
The Director may apply to the District Court for an order if a person contravenes an enforceable undertaking.
(2)
If the court is satisfied that the person who made the enforceable undertaking has contravened the undertaking, the court may make either or both of the following orders:
(a)
an order directing the person to comply with the undertaking:
(b)
an order discharging the undertaking.
(3)
In addition to the orders referred to in subsection (2), the court may make any other order that the court considers appropriate in the circumstances, including orders directing the person to pay to the Director—
(a)
the costs of the proceedings; and
(b)
the reasonable costs of the Director in monitoring compliance with the enforceable undertaking in the future.
(4)
This section does not prevent proceedings being brought for the contravention or alleged contravention to which the enforceable undertaking relates.
Section 112E: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112E(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112E(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112E(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112F Withdrawal or variation of enforceable undertaking
(1)
A person who has given an enforceable undertaking may at any time, with the written agreement of the Director,—
(a)
withdraw the undertaking; or
(b)
vary the undertaking.
(2)
However, the provisions of the undertaking cannot be varied to provide for a different contravention or alleged contravention.
(3)
The Director must publish on the Agency’s Internet site notice of the withdrawal or variation of an enforceable undertaking.
Section 112F: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112F(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112F(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
112G Proceedings for contravention or alleged contravention
(1)
Subject to this section, no proceedings (whether civil or criminal) for a contravention or alleged contravention may be brought against a person if an enforceable undertaking is in effect in relation to that contravention or alleged contravention.
(2)
No proceedings may be brought for a contravention or alleged contravention against a person who—
(a)
has made an enforceable undertaking in relation to that contravention or alleged contravention; and
(b)
has completely discharged the enforceable undertaking.
(3)
The Director may accept an enforceable undertaking in relation to a contravention or alleged contravention before proceedings in relation to that contravention or alleged contravention have been completed.
(4)
If the Director accepts an enforceable undertaking before the proceedings are completed, the Director must take all reasonable steps to have the proceedings discontinued as soon as practicable.
Section 112G: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 102 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112G(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 112G(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Part 9 Enforcement of responsibilities
General enforcement powers
113 Enforcement officers may enforce transport legislation
(1)
An enforcement officer in uniform or in possession of a warrant or other evidence of their authority as an enforcement officer may enforce the provisions of—
(a)
the Local Government Act 1974, the Local Government Act 2002, the Road User Charges Act 2012, the Government Roading Powers Act 1989, the Railways Act 2005, the Land Transport Management Act 2003, and this Act:
(b)
regulations and rules and bylaws in force under any Acts mentioned in paragraph (a).
(2)
Without limiting any other powers conferred on an enforcement officer, an enforcement officer, in enforcing any provisions referred to in subsection (1), may at any time—
(a)
direct a person on a road (whether or not in charge of a vehicle) to give the person’s full name, full address, electronic address (if the person has an electronic address), date of birth, occupation, and telephone number, or such of those particulars as the enforcement officer may specify, and give any other particulars required as to the person’s identity, and (unless the person is for the time being detained or under arrest under any enactment) give such information as is within the person’s knowledge and as may lead to the identification of the driver or person in charge of a vehicle:
(b)
inspect, test, and examine—
(i)
the brakes or any other part of a vehicle on a road or any associated equipment; or
(ii)
a land transport document, or a document resembling a land transport document, displayed or carried on the vehicle:
(c)
if the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that a vehicle on a road causes an obstruction in the road or to a vehicle entrance to any property or that the removal of the vehicle is desirable in the interests of road safety or for the convenience or in the interests of the public,—
(i)
enter, or authorise another person to enter, the vehicle for the purpose of moving it or preparing it for movement; and
(ii)
move, or authorise another person to move, the vehicle to a place where it does not constitute a traffic hazard:
(d)
direct the driver or person in charge of a vehicle on a road to remove the vehicle from the road or a specified part of a road, if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that it causes an obstruction in the road or to a vehicle entrance to any property or its removal is desirable in the interests of road safety or for the convenience or in the interests of the public:
(e)
forbid an unlicensed driver to drive a motor vehicle:
(f)
forbid a person who is operating a transport service without a licence to operate that transport service.
(3)
An enforcement officer in uniform or wearing a distinctive cap, hat, or helmet, with a badge of authority affixed to it, who is for the time being engaged in the regulation of traffic on a road, may—
(a)
direct a person using a vehicle or riding or driving an animal on the road to stop the vehicle or animal, as the case may be, or to cause it to proceed in or keep to a particular line of traffic or direction:
(b)
direct a pedestrian not to proceed across the road in contravention of a direction to stop given by the enforcement officer (whether given to pedestrians or to pedestrians and other traffic).
(4)
In paragraphs (c) and (d) of subsection (2), road includes any land vested in or under the control of the Crown or any local authority.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68B
Section 113(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 19(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 13 June 2013, by section 72 of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 67 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 1 January 2009, by section 63(2) of the Public Transport Management Act 2008 (2008 No 87).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 113(1)(a): amended, on 1 July 2003, by section 262 of the Local Government Act 2002 (2002 No 84).
Section 113(2)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 19(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 113(2)(a): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 29 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 113(2)(f): added, on 1 October 2007, by section 62 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
113A Power to inspect records
(1)
For the purpose of ascertaining whether this Act has been or is being complied with by any person to whom this Act applies, any enforcement officer in uniform or in possession of a warrant or other evidence of his or her authority as an enforcement officer may require that person to produce without delay for inspection all relevant books or records in that person’s possession or over which that person has control, including (but not limited to) records kept under section 65 of the Road User Charges Act 2012, logbooks, records associated with logbooks, financial records relating to expenditure on fuel, invoices, vehicle maintenance records, depreciation records for vehicles, time and wage records, and waybills.
(2)
The enforcement officer may take extracts from or make copies of any books or records so produced.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 63A
Section 113A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 63 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 113A(1): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 52 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
114 Power to require driver to stop and give name and address, etc
(1)
An enforcement officer who is in uniform, or wearing a distinctive cap, hat, or helmet, with a badge of authority affixed to it, may signal or request the driver of a vehicle to stop the vehicle as soon as is practicable.
(2)
An enforcement officer in a vehicle following another vehicle may, by displaying flashing blue, or blue and red, lights or sounding a siren, require the driver of the other vehicle to stop.
(2A)
Subject to subsections (4) and (5), the driver of a vehicle that is stopped by an enforcement officer under this Act must remain stopped for as long as is reasonably necessary for the enforcement officer to complete the exercise of any powers conferred, or duties imposed, on an enforcement officer by this Act.
(3)
An enforcement officer may require the driver of a vehicle that is stopped under this Act to—
(a)
remain stopped for as long as is reasonably necessary for an enforcement officer to obtain the particulars referred to in paragraph (b), or to complete the exercise of any other power conferred on an enforcement officer by this Act; and
(b)
on demand by an enforcement officer,—
(i)
give their full name, full address, electronic address (if they have an electronic address), date of birth, occupation, and telephone number, or such of those particulars as the enforcement officer may specify; and
(ii)
state whether or not he or she is the registered person for the vehicle; and
(iii)
if the driver is not the registered person for the vehicle, give the name and address of the registered person or such particulars within the driver’s knowledge as may lead to the identification of the registered person.
(4)
The driver of a vehicle that is stopped under subsection (2) is not obliged to remain stopped if the vehicle with flashing lights and siren does not itself stop in the near vicinity of the place where the driver has stopped.
(5)
An enforcement officer may require a driver to remain stopped on a road for as long as is reasonably necessary to enable the officer to establish the identity of the driver, but not for longer than 15 minutes if the requirement to remain stopped is made under this subsection only.
(6)
An enforcement officer may arrest a person without warrant if the officer has good cause to suspect the person of having—
(a)
failed to comply with this section or a signal or request or requirement under this section; or
(b)
given false or misleading information under this section.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 66
Section 114(2A): inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 64 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 114(3)(b)(i): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 20(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 114(3)(b)(i): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 114(3)(b)(ii): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 20(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 114(3)(b)(iii): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 20(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
115 Enforcement officers may give directions prohibiting driving of vehicles
(1)
An enforcement officer who believes on reasonable grounds that a vehicle does not comply with the regulations or the rules or a particular requirement of the regulations or the rules, may—
(a)
affix or cause to be affixed to the vehicle a notice in the form approved by the Minister by notice in the Gazette directing that the vehicle must not be driven on a road; and
(b)
give the driver or owner of the vehicle a notice in a form approved by the Minister by notice in the Gazette directing that the vehicle must not be driven on a road.
(2)
A notice given under subsection (1) continues in force until the vehicle—
(a)
has been inspected by a person authorised by the Director; and
(b)
the person is satisfied that the vehicle has been made to comply with the regulations and the rules or with the particular requirement of the regulations or the rules; and
(c)
new evidence of vehicle inspection has been issued for the vehicle by a person authorised by the Director and is displayed on that vehicle.
(2A)
Despite subsection (2), the enforcement officer may specify that the notice in subsection (1) continues in force until—
(a)
the vehicle has been made to comply with the regulations and the rules or with the particular requirement of the regulations or the rules; and
(b)
the enforcement officer has been notified in writing that the vehicle complies with the regulations and the rules or with the particular requirement of the regulations or the rules.
(3)
An enforcement officer who believes on reasonable grounds that a vehicle on a road is not in a safe condition to be driven on the road, may—
(a)
affix or cause to be affixed to the vehicle a notice to that effect in a form approved by the Minister by notice in the Gazette; and
(b)
give the driver or owner of the vehicle a notice in a form approved by the Director by notice in the Gazette stating that the vehicle must be removed from the road and may not be driven on a road until—
(i)
it has been inspected by a person authorised by the Director; and
(ii)
the person is satisfied that the vehicle is in a safe condition for driving on the road; and
(iii)
new evidence of vehicle inspection has been issued for the vehicle by a person authorised by the Director and is displayed on that vehicle.
(3A)
When issuing a notice under subsection (3), an enforcement officer may direct the driver or owner of the vehicle to comply with any applicable requirements with respect to the noise emitted by the vehicle’s exhaust system if the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that the vehicle does not comply with those requirements.
(3B)
If a vehicle is subject to a direction under subsection (1) or (3) on the grounds that the vehicle’s exhaust system exceeds any prescribed noise or decibel limits, the vehicle’s exhaust system must, before new evidence of vehicle inspection may be issued, be certified as complying with the relevant limits in accordance with any prescribed testing and certification procedure.
(4)
A notice under subsection (1) may include a condition to the effect that the vehicle may continue to be driven to reach a specified place for repair or may continue to be driven for a given time or under limitations as to speed or route or otherwise.
(5)
A notice under subsection (3) may include a condition to the effect that the vehicle may continue to be driven to reach a specified place for repair.
(6)
A notice given by the Minister in the Gazette for any purpose specified in this section, and a corresponding notice given under any former enactment and continued in force by this Act, may be amended from time to time, or revoked, by the Minister in the same manner.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68B(2A)
Section 115(1): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 65 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 115(1)(a): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 68(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 115(1)(b): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 68(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 115(2): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 65 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 115(2)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 103(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 115(2)(c): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 103(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 115(2A): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 65 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 115(3)(a): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 68(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 115(3)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 103(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 115(3)(b)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 103(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 115(3)(b)(iii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 103(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 115(3A): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 31 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 115(3B): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 31 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 115(6): amended, on 7 August 2011, by section 68(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
116 Enforcement of directions
(1)
An enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person whom the officer has good cause to suspect has failed to comply with a direction given under section 98E, 113, or 115.
(2)
A person charged with an offence of contravening a prohibition imposed under section 115(3) does not commit an offence unless the court is satisfied that the enforcement officer had reasonable grounds for believing that in all the circumstances the prohibition was necessary in the interests of the safety of the driver or person in charge of the vehicle or of any other person or of the public.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68B(1C)
Section 116(1): amended, on 2 January 2020, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
117 Moved vehicle not to be damaged and to be returned to person entitled to possession
(1)
A person who is authorised by an enforcement officer to—
(a)
enter a vehicle for the purpose of moving it or preparing it for movement; or
(b)
move a vehicle to a place where it does not constitute a traffic hazard; or
(c)
impound a vehicle—
may do so, but must do everything reasonably necessary to ensure that the vehicle and personal property in or on the vehicle are not damaged.
(2)
A person who—
(a)
has possession of a vehicle as a result of its being moved under section 113(2)(c); and
(b)
when requested at a reasonable time to do so by a person who produces satisfactory evidence to the effect that he or she was lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle immediately before it was moved,—
must release the vehicle to that person immediately.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 68B(5)
118 Requirement to give information as to identity of driver or passenger
(1)
If an enforcement officer has reasonable cause to believe that the driver of a vehicle has committed an offence while in charge of the vehicle, the officer may request the registered person for, or the hirer of, the vehicle to give all information in the registered person’s or hirer’s possession or obtainable by the registered person or hirer which may lead to the identification and apprehension of the driver of the vehicle.
(2)
If an enforcement officer has reasonable cause to believe that a passenger of a vehicle has committed an offence in or through the use of the vehicle where that use relates to the commission of the offence or the aiding of the commission of the offence or the assisting of that passenger to avoid arrest in connection with or conviction for that offence, the officer may request the registered person for, or the hirer of, the vehicle to give all information which may lead to the identification and apprehension of the passenger.
(3)
A request under subsection (1) or subsection (2) or subsection (6) may be made orally or in writing and the registered person or hirer or licence holder (as the case may be) must comply with the request within 14 days.
(4)
If a vehicle failed to stop (or remain stopped) as signalled, requested, or required under section 114, an enforcement officer may request the registered person for, or the hirer of, the vehicle to give all information in the registered person’s or hirer’s possession or obtainable by the registered person or hirer that may lead to the identification and apprehension of the driver, and the registered person or hirer must give the officer that information immediately.
(5)
Subsection (4) does not apply if the registered person or hirer has been arrested or detained in relation to the suspected offence.
(6)
If the holder of a transport service licence employs any person to drive a vehicle under that licence, the licence holder, on being informed of any offence alleged to have been committed by that person or by a person driving a vehicle being used under the licence, and on being requested to do so by an enforcement officer, must supply in writing the driver’s full name, full address, and electronic address (if the driver has an electronic address).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 67; 1989 No 74 s 32(1)
Section 118 heading: replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 44(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 118(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(1)(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(1)(b) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(2): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(3): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 66(2)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 118(3): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 66(2)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 118(4): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(5): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118(6): added, on 1 October 2007, by section 66(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 118(6): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 21(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 118 compare note: substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 66(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Powers of entry, arrest, immobilisation, and impoundment
119 Powers of entry
(1)
An enforcement officer may exercise the powers conferred by subsection (2) if the enforcement officer—
(a)
has good cause to suspect that a person—
(i)
has failed to comply with a requirement under section 114(2) or (3) (relating to stopping a vehicle, remaining stopped, or giving information to an enforcement officer); and
(ii)
has also committed or is committing an offence against section 35(1)(a) or section 35(1)(b) (which relate to reckless or dangerous driving offences), or is, or has recently been, driving under the influence of drink or a drug, or both; and
(b)
is freshly pursuing that person.
(2)
The enforcement officer may, without warrant, in the course of the pursuit enter, by force if necessary, any premises which the person has entered, for either or both of the following purposes:
(a)
determining whether or not a power conferred on an enforcement officer by section 68, 69, or 71A should be exercised in respect of that person:
(b)
exercising or completing the exercise of any such power in respect of that person (as if the person were in a motor vehicle on a road).
(2A)
(3)
An enforcement officer may, without warrant, enter, by force if necessary, a building or place where a vehicle to which section 96, 96AAA, 96AAB, 96A, or 123 applies is being stored or kept, and seize and impound the vehicle,—
(a)
if—
(i)
an enforcement officer has been freshly pursuing the vehicle; or
(ii)
it is likely that a person was about to remove, conceal, destroy, or dispose of the vehicle; or
(iii)
an enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that the vehicle was about to be used in the commission of an imprisonable offence (within the meaning of section 5 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011); and
(b)
if, because of the time of the day or the locality, it was impracticable to obtain a warrant without creating an opportunity for the person to do anything referred to in paragraph (a)(ii) or (iii).
(4)
For the purposes of seizing and impounding a vehicle under section 96, 96AAA, 96AAB, 96A, or 123 in any case where subsection (3) does not apply, an enforcement officer may enter a building or place where a vehicle to which that section applies is being stored or kept only with the consent of the occupier or under a warrant issued under subsection (5).
(5)
An enforcement officer may apply, in the manner provided for an application for a search warrant in subpart 3 of Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, to an issuing officer (within the meaning of section 3 of that Act), for a warrant to enter a place referred to in subsection (4) and, if satisfied that there is reasonable ground for believing that a vehicle to which section 96, 96AAA, 96AAB, 96A, or 123 applies is being stored or kept in the building or place, the issuing officer may issue a warrant authorising an enforcement officer to enter, by force if necessary, any part of the building or place, and seize and impound the vehicle.
(6)
(7)
An enforcement officer who enters any premises under this section may not exercise on those premises any power of arrest conferred by this Act other than a power of arrest conferred by any of sections 68(3), 69(6), and 120.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 66A
Section 119(1)(a)(i): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 22(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 119(2)(a): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 33 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 119(2A): inserted, on 1 October 2012, by section 268(2) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 119(3): replaced, on 1 October 2012, by section 268(3) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 119(3): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 22(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 119(3)(a)(iii): amended, on 17 December 2016, by section 61(1) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 104).
Section 119(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 119(4): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 67(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 119(5): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 22(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 119(5): amended, on 17 December 2016, by section 61(2) of the Statutes Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 104).
Section 119(5): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 268(4) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 119(5): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 67(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 119(6): replaced, on 1 October 2012, by section 268(5) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
120 Arrest of persons for alcohol or drug-related offences, or assault on enforcement officer
(1)
An enforcement officer may arrest a person without warrant if the officer has good cause to suspect that the person—
(a)
has committed an offence against any of sections 58 to 62; or
(b)
has assaulted that or any other enforcement officer while the officer was acting in the course of the officer’s official duties.
(1A)
An enforcement officer may arrest a person without warrant if the person does not complete a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer, who is trained to give the test, when required to do so by an enforcement officer under section 71F.
(2)
A person assisting an enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person referred to in subsection (1)(b).
(3)
A person other than a constable who exercises any power of arrest conferred by this section must, as soon as practicable, deliver the arrested person into the custody of a constable.
(4)
The obligation in subsection (3) does not apply until the completion of the exercise of any powers that may be exercised under this Act in respect of the arrested person or any vehicle driven by that person.
(5)
The powers conferred by this section are in addition to any other powers of arrest under this Act.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 62, 62A, 62B
Section 120(1A): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 22 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 120(1A): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 34 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 120(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
121 Enforcement officer may immobilise vehicle, etc, in specified circumstances
(1)
An enforcement officer may exercise all or any of the powers conferred by subsection (2) if he or she believes on reasonable grounds that—
(a)
either—
(i)
a person who is for the time being in charge of a motor vehicle,—
(A)
because of his or her physical or mental condition (however arising), is incapable of having proper control of the vehicle; or
(B)
has not completed a compulsory impairment test in a manner satisfactory to an enforcement officer, who is trained to give the test, when required to do so by an enforcement officer under section 71F; or
(C)
has failed or refused to undergo a compulsory impairment test when required to do so under section 71F; or
(D)
has failed or refused to permit a blood specimen to be taken when required to do so by an enforcement officer under section 72(1)(a), (e), or (f); or
(ii)
the requirements of any enactment concerning work time or rest time are not being complied with; and
(b)
in all the circumstances, the direction or prohibition or action is necessary in the interests of that person or of any other person or of the public.
(2)
The enforcement officer may—
(a)
forbid that person to drive a motor vehicle for such period as the enforcement officer specifies:
(b)
direct the person to drive the vehicle to a specified place where the driver may obtain rest, or where the load on the vehicle or other conditions make it appropriate that the driver should drive to that place:
(c)
take possession of all ignition or other keys of the vehicle, and for that purpose require that person to deliver up immediately all such keys:
(d)
take such steps as may be necessary to render the vehicle immobile or to remove it to a place where it does not constitute a traffic hazard.
(3)
The period for which an enforcement officer forbids a person to drive under subsection (2)(a) must, where the person has undergone an evidential breath test and it appears to the enforcement officer that the test is positive, be a period of 12 hours, unless the enforcement officer is satisfied that there is good reason for imposing a shorter prohibition.
(4)
An enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person who fails to comply with a direction given under this section or does or attempts to do any act that is for the time being forbidden under this section.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 63
Section 121 heading: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 70 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 121(1)(a)(i): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 93 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 121(1)(a)(i)(B): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 121(1)(a)(i)(C): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 121(1)(a)(i)(D): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 35(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 121(1)(a)(i)(D): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 36 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 121(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 68 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 121(3): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 14 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
121A Enforcement officer may give directions or immobilise vehicle if driver breaches certain licence conditions
(1)
An enforcement officer may exercise all or any of the powers conferred by subsection (2) if the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person who is for the time being in charge of a motor vehicle has, in relation to a prescribed class of motor vehicle, breached any condition of a class 1 or class 6 learner licence or a restricted licence held by that person.
(2)
The enforcement officer may—
(a)
forbid the person to drive a motor vehicle until that person is able to comply with the conditions of that person’s learner licence or restricted licence:
(b)
direct the person to drive to a specified place (for example, the person’s home):
(c)
take possession of all ignition or other keys of the vehicle, and for that purpose require the person to deliver up immediately all such keys:
(d)
take any steps that may be necessary to make the motor vehicle immobile or to move the motor vehicle to a place where it does not constitute a traffic hazard.
(3)
An enforcement officer may arrest without warrant a person who fails to comply with a power exercised under subsection (2).
(4)
The power to take possession under subsection (2)(c) or to immobilise or move under subsection (2)(d) continues until—
(a)
the driver is able to drive the vehicle without breaching the conditions of that driver’s licence; or
(b)
another person is able to drive the vehicle without breaching—
(i)
that person’s licence:
(ii)
any enactment.
Section 121A: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 32 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
122 Enforcement officer may seize and impound vehicle for up to 12 hours in emergency
(1)
If an enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that it is in the interests of public safety that a motor vehicle should be seized and impounded, and that it is unlikely that those interests could be secured by exercising powers conferred other than by this section, the officer may seize and impound, or authorise the impoundment of, the vehicle for such period (which may not exceed 12 hours) as is required to secure those interests.
(2)
If an enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that it is in the interests of public safety for a vehicle to remain impounded under this section for a further period and that it is unlikely that those interests could be secured by exercising powers conferred other than by this section, the officer may extend by up to 12 hours the period for which the vehicle was impounded under subsection (1).
(3)
Sections 96(4), 97, and 98 (which set out requirements and rights relating to the seizure and impoundment of vehicles) apply, with any necessary modifications, to the seizure and impoundment of a vehicle under this section as if the vehicle were being seized under section 96.
123 Enforcement officer may seize and impound vehicle for up to 10 working days in relation to certain offences
(1)
An enforcement officer may seize and impound a motor vehicle for such period (which may not exceed 10 working days) as is necessary to preserve evidence (or to enable a scientific examination of evidence) or to establish the cause of a serious traffic accident, if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that—
(a)
the vehicle has been involved in a serious traffic accident or a hit and run offence; or
(b)
a driver has failed to stop (or remain stopped) as signalled, requested, or required under section 114.
(2)
Section 96(4) and section 97 (other than subsections (2) to (4)) (which set out requirements and rights relating to the seizure and impoundment of vehicles) apply, with any necessary modifications, to the seizure and impoundment of a vehicle under this section as if the vehicle were being seized under section 96.
(3)
A constable who is of or above the level of position of inspector may from time to time, after giving notice in writing to the person registered under Part 17 in respect of the vehicle, apply to a District Court Judge for an order extending the period for which a vehicle has been impounded under this section; and a District Court Judge may order that the vehicle be impounded for a further period not exceeding 10 working days as the Judge thinks fit and may from time to time renew any extension ordered under this subsection.
(4)
For the purposes of this section,—
hit and run offence means an offence against this Act or the Crimes Act 1961 involving an event in which a person is struck by a motor vehicle and injured or killed as a result, where the driver fails to comply with his or her duties under section 22
serious traffic accident means an accident involving a vehicle that results in an injury to or the death of a person.
Section 123 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 7(1) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 123 heading: amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 45(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 123(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 7(2) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 123(1)(b): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 45(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 123(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 7(2) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 123(3): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 123(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(b) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Enforcement powers for offences involving certain vehicles
124 Inspection of vehicles required to have evidence of vehicle inspection and certificate of loading
An enforcement officer may, at a reasonable time, exercise all or any of the following powers in respect of a vehicle that is required under this Act to have current evidence of vehicle inspection and a certificate of loading:
(a)
require the owner or person for the time being in charge of the vehicle to produce current evidence of vehicle inspection and a current certificate of loading for that vehicle:
(b)
stop, enter, and inspect any such vehicle while it is in use on a road:
(c)
make a reasonable running test of the vehicle at the expense of the owner:
(d)
require the owner or person for the time being in charge of the vehicle to provide reasonable assistance in the conduct of any such inspection or running test.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 80
125 Stopping, inspection, and weighing of heavy vehicles and certain transport service vehicles
(1)
An enforcement officer may at any time exercise all or any of the following powers in respect of a heavy motor vehicle or transport service vehicle (other than a light rental service vehicle) on a road:
(a)
inspect the load on the vehicle:
(b)
measure, or require to be measured, the weight of the vehicle or the weight on any of its axles:
(c)
direct the driver or person in charge of the vehicle to drive the vehicle to a site and on to a weighing device specified by the enforcement officer for the purpose of enforcing the provisions of this Act or the Road User Charges Act 2012 or any other enactment, even though the driver may not otherwise be permitted to drive the vehicle to that site.
(2)
The power conferred by subsection (1)(c) is also exercisable in respect of a vehicle an enforcement officer believes to be a heavy motor vehicle or transport service vehicle (other than a light rental service vehicle).
(3)
Except where the driver has failed to stop when directed under subsection (4), nothing in subsection (1) authorises an enforcement officer to direct the driver or person in charge, in order to drive the vehicle to a site or weighing device, to travel a distance that would increase the total length of the journey by—
(a)
more than 5 km; or
(b)
more than 10 km, if the site where the vehicle has been brought to a stop is unsuitable for weighing the vehicle because—
(i)
doing so may pose a safety risk to other road users or to the enforcement officer; or
(ii)
the site is not level enough for accurate weighing.
(4)
The driver of a heavy motor vehicle or goods service vehicle must, whenever directed by a sign specifying that that particular vehicle or vehicles of that vehicle’s class must stop or by an enforcement officer, stop the vehicle and keep it stopped so that an enforcement officer may determine whether or not to take any action under subsection (1) or to complete the exercise of any other power conferred on an enforcement officer by this Act.
Section 125(1)(c): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 125(3)(b): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 53(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 125(4): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 53(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
126 Off-loading of overloaded vehicle
(1)
An enforcement officer must direct the driver of a heavy motor vehicle or transport service vehicle on a road to keep the vehicle stopped or remove it to a place of safety approved by the officer and remain stopped there, if—
(a)
the mass of a heavy motor vehicle or transport service vehicle on a road is measured by, or at the direction of, an enforcement officer; and
(b)
the gross mass of the vehicle, or the mass on a wheel, axle, or group of axles of the motor vehicle, exceeds by at least 10% or by 2 000 kg (whichever is the lesser)—
(i)
a prescribed mass restriction applicable to that motor vehicle; or
(ii)
a mass or loading restriction specified in the vehicle’s certificate of loading.
(2)
The vehicle must remain at the place to which it is directed under subsection (1) until either—
(a)
part of the load is removed or the load rearranged so as to reduce the gross mass and the mass on every wheel, every axle, and every group of axles of the motor vehicle to not more than—
(i)
the maximum prescribed mass applicable to that motor vehicle; and
(ii)
a mass or loading restriction specified in the vehicle’s certificate of loading; or
(b)
a permit in writing is issued under this Act to permit the motor vehicle to proceed along a road with its load.
(3)
If a motor vehicle stopped under subsection (1) is a passenger service vehicle, and a suitable alternative vehicle is available within a reasonable time, the passengers must be transferred to that alternative vehicle; but, if a suitable alternative vehicle is not available within a reasonable time, the passenger service vehicle must be permitted to proceed at a low speed, under the escort of an enforcement officer, to a safe location that is suitable for handling the passengers and has adequate communications facilities.
(4)
If—
(a)
the mass of a heavy motor vehicle approaching a bridge for which a mass restriction has been prescribed is measured by or at the direction of an enforcement officer; and
(b)
the gross mass of the motor vehicle, or the mass on any wheel, axle, or group of axles of the motor vehicle, exceeds by at least 10% or by 2 000 kg (whichever is the lesser) any mass restriction for that bridge,—
the enforcement officer must, by direction given to the driver or person in charge of the motor vehicle, direct that the motor vehicle may not be driven on to the bridge until the load or part of the load is removed so as to reduce the gross mass and the mass on every wheel, every axle, and every group of axles to not more than the maximum prescribed for that bridge, or until a permit in writing has been issued under this Act permitting that motor vehicle to proceed on to that bridge with its load.
(5)
Subsection (4) overrides subsection (3).
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 69A(2), (2AA), (2A)
Section 126 heading: amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(1)(a): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(1)(b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(1)(b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(1)(b)(i): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(1)(b)(ii): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(2)(a): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(2)(a)(i): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(4)(a): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(4)(b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 126(4)(b): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 54(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
127 Protection against claims resulting from action under section 125 or section 126
(1)
None of the following, namely,—
(a)
the Crown; or
(b)
any enforcement officer; or
(c)
any employer of an enforcement officer who is not a constable,—
is liable for any loss or damage to a vehicle or its load arising directly or indirectly from the stopping of the vehicle or the removal of any part of its load under a direction given under section 125 or section 126.
(2)
This section does not apply if the enforcement officer concerned acted without good faith or if his or her omission or neglect is a major departure from the standard of care expected of a reasonable person in the circumstances.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 69A(5)
Section 127(1)(c): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(ii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
128 Enforcement officer to order heavy vehicle to stop until load secured
(1)
An enforcement officer who has good cause to suspect that the load or part of the load on a heavy motor vehicle, or on a vehicle being towed by a heavy motor vehicle, on a road is not secured and contained in such a manner that it cannot fall or escape from the vehicle must direct the driver or person in charge of the vehicle, if necessary, that the vehicle be stopped.
(2)
The enforcement officer must also direct that—
(a)
the vehicle be kept stopped; or
(b)
the vehicle be moved to a place of safety approved by the officer and be kept stopped at that place—
until the load or part of the load is secured and contained in such a manner that it cannot fall or escape from the vehicle, or is removed from the vehicle.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70A
128A Enforcement officer’s powers in respect of non-complying small passenger service vehicles
An enforcement officer who is in uniform or who produces evidence of identity as an enforcement officer may direct the driver of any small passenger service vehicle that is not in compliance with any rule or regulation to cease making the vehicle available for hire and to remove the vehicle from any designated stand until such time as the vehicle is in compliance with the regulations or the rules.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 37(2)
Section 128A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 69 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 128A: amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 86 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
128B Enforcement officer’s powers in respect of non-complying vehicle recovery service vehicles
Any enforcement officer who is in uniform or who produces evidence of identity as an enforcement officer may direct the driver of any vehicle recovery service vehicle that is not in compliance with any rule or regulation to cease making the vehicle available for towing or carrying until such time as the vehicle is in compliance with the rules or regulations.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 38(2)
Section 128B: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 69 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
128C Enforcement officer’s powers in respect of certain motor vehicles subject to service inspection and certification requirements
(1)
This section applies if an enforcement officer has reasonable cause to suspect that a motor vehicle (other than a heavy motor vehicle) that is subject to a rule or regulation regarding in-service inspection and certification does not comply with that rule or regulation.
(2)
If this section applies, an enforcement officer may direct the driver of that vehicle to—
(a)
drive the vehicle to a specified place for vehicle inspection; and
(b)
subject the vehicle to a vehicle inspection to determine whether it complies with any relevant enactment.
(3)
Except where the driver has failed to stop when directed under subsection (4) or section 114, nothing in subsection (2) authorises an enforcement officer to direct a driver or person in charge to travel a distance exceeding 5 km from the place where the direction is given to a specified place for vehicle inspection.
(4)
The driver of a motor vehicle must, whenever directed by an enforcement officer, stop the vehicle and keep it stopped so that an enforcement officer may determine whether or not to—
(a)
take any action under subsection (2); or
(b)
complete the exercise of any other power conferred on an enforcement officer by this Act.
Section 128C: inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 33 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
128D Appointment of parking wardens
(1)
A local authority may appoint a person to hold the office of parking warden.
(2)
A person who holds the office of parking warden at the commencement of this section is to be treated as having been appointed under subsection (1).
(3)
A parking warden may perform the functions and duties, and exercise the powers, of a parking warden that are conferred or imposed by or under this or any other Act only on a road within the district or region of the local authority that appointed the parking warden.
(4)
A local authority that appoints a person under subsection (1) is liable for the actions of that person as a parking warden in all respects as if—
(a)
that person were an officer or employee of the local authority (whether or not that is the case); and
(b)
any directions given or control exercised by any other person over the parking warden in that capacity were directions given or control exercised by the local authority.
(5)
An airport operator (as defined for the purpose of Part 7 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023) may appoint a person to hold the office of parking warden, and—
(a)
subsection (3) applies as if the reference to the district or region of the local authority were a reference to the airport operated by the airport operator; and
(b)
subsection (4) applies as if each reference to a local authority were a reference to the airport operator.
Section 128D: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 71 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 128D(5): inserted, on 5 April 2025, by section 486 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10).
128E Powers of parking wardens
(1)
A parking warden in uniform or in possession of a warrant or other evidence of authority as a parking warden—
(a)
may enforce the provisions of any stationary vehicle offence or special vehicle lane offence:
(b)
may, in relation to enforcing the provisions of any stationary vehicle offence or special vehicle lane offence, direct any person on any road, and apparently in charge of or in any vehicle, to—
(i)
provide the person’s full name and full address and give any other identifying particulars required as to the person’s identity (for example, the person’s date of birth, occupation, and telephone number):
(ii)
give any information that is within the person’s knowledge and that may lead to the identification of the driver or person in charge of any vehicle (for example, the other person’s full name, full address, date of birth, occupation, and telephone number):
(c)
may direct the driver or person in charge of any vehicle on any road to remove the vehicle from the road or any specified part of any road, if the parking warden believes on reasonable grounds that—
(i)
the vehicle causes an obstruction in the road or to any vehicle entrance to any property; or
(ii)
the removal of the vehicle is desirable in the interests of road safety or for the convenience or in the interests of the public:
(d)
may, if the parking warden believes on reasonable grounds that a vehicle on a road causes an obstruction in the road or to any vehicle entrance to any property or that the removal of the vehicle is desirable in the interests of road safety or for the convenience or in the interests of the public,—
(i)
enter, or authorise another person to enter, the vehicle for the purpose of moving it or preparing it for movement; and
(ii)
move, or authorise another person to move, the vehicle to any place where it does not constitute a traffic hazard.
(2)
Every person commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 who—
(a)
fails to comply with any direction given under subsection (1)(b); or
(b)
gives, in response to a direction given under subsection (1)(b), any information that the person knows to be false.
(3)
Every person to whom any direction is given under the authority of subsection (1) must comply with the direction, and no person may do any act that is for the time being forbidden by any direction given under the authority of subsection (1).
(4)
A person who is authorised by a parking warden to enter a vehicle for the purpose of moving it or preparing it for movement or to move a vehicle to a place where it does not constitute a traffic hazard may do so, but must do everything reasonably necessary to ensure that the vehicle is not damaged while doing so.
(5)
Every person commits an offence and is liable on conviction for a fine not exceeding $1,000 if the person—
(a)
has possession of a vehicle as a result of its being moved under subsection (1)(d); and
(b)
fails to deliver possession of the vehicle, as soon as practicable, to a person who produces satisfactory evidence, at any reasonable time, to the effect that the person was lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle immediately before it was moved.
Section 128E: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 71 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 128E(1)(b): replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 12 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 128E(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 128E(5): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
128F Powers of enforcement officers in relation to public transport service fares
(1)
An enforcement officer may direct a person to provide evidence that the person has paid a public transport service fare that the person is liable to pay.
(2)
If a person fails to provide evidence of payment after a direction is given under subsection (1), the enforcement officer may—
(a)
direct the person to provide the person’s full name, full address, telephone number, and date of birth; and
(b)
direct the person not to board, or direct the person to disembark, the public transport service concerned.
Section 128F: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 38 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Dangerous goods
129 Vehicles may be inspected and directed to remain stopped for contravening dangerous goods rules
(1)
An enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer who has good cause to suspect a breach of rules relating to the carriage of dangerous goods involving a vehicle—
(a)
may direct the driver or person in charge of the vehicle to stop the vehicle or that the vehicle remain stopped; and
(b)
for the purposes of this subsection, has the powers conferred by section 132.
(2)
An enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer may also direct that—
(a)
the vehicle be kept stopped; or
(b)
the vehicle be moved to a place of safety approved by the officer and remain stopped at that place—
until the officer is satisfied that the breach has been rectified.
(2A)
An enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer may give such reasonable directions as are necessary in relation to the loading or unloading of the vehicle or the packing or unpacking of any thing to ensure compliance with the rules or otherwise to ensure safety in relation to the transportation of dangerous goods.
(2B)
Every enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer exercising any of the powers conferred under this section must, at the time of exercising that power, and thereafter on request, produce—
(a)
evidence of that person’s appointment as an officer; and
(b)
evidence of that person’s identity.
(2C)
An enforcement officer or a dangerous goods enforcement officer may, if authorised (either generally or specifically) in writing for the purpose by the Director or the Commissioner, take a person or an animal to assist the officer with an inspection, and a person assisting the officer has the powers conferred on an officer by this section.
(3)
Nothing in this section limits or affects the privilege against self incrimination.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70I
Section 129(1): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 129(2A): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 94 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 129(2B): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 94 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 129(2C): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 94 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 129(2C): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 104 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
130 Power to inspect railway lines
(1)
A dangerous goods enforcement officer—
(a)
may at any reasonable time go on, into, under, and over any premises for the purpose of inspection to determine whether or not the requirements of the rules relating to dangerous goods are being complied with in relation to a rail vehicle or a railway line; and
(b)
for the purposes of this section, has the powers conferred by section 132.
(2)
If a dangerous goods enforcement officer has good cause to suspect that, in respect of a rail vehicle or the driver of a rail vehicle, there has been a breach of the rules, the enforcement officer may, by direction given to the driver or person in charge of the vehicle, direct that—
(a)
the vehicle not be moved; or
(b)
the vehicle be moved to a place of safety approved by the enforcement officer in consultation with the rail operator and kept stopped at that place—
until the enforcement officer is satisfied that the breach has been rectified.
(3)
Nothing in subsection (2) authorises a dangerous goods enforcement officer to—
(a)
stop a rail vehicle in motion; or
(b)
direct that a vehicle not be moved if it would be unsafe or unnecessarily disruptive for the vehicle to remain in that place.
(4)
Every dangerous goods enforcement officer exercising any of the powers conferred under this section must, at the time of exercising that power, and subsequently on request, produce—
(a)
evidence of that person’s appointment as an enforcement officer; and
(b)
evidence of that person’s identity.
(5)
A dangerous goods enforcement officer may, if authorised (either generally or specifically) in writing for the purpose by the Director or the Commissioner, take a person or animal onto the premises to assist the officer with an inspection, and a person assisting the officer has the powers conferred on a dangerous goods enforcement officer by this section.
(6)
Nothing in this section limits or affects the privilege against self incrimination.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70IA
Section 130 heading: amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 130(1)(a): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 130(2): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 130(2)(b): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 130(3)(a): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 130(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 105 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
131 Power to inspect premises used for loading and unloading of dangerous goods
(1)
A dangerous goods enforcement officer—
(a)
may, at any reasonable time, go into, under, and over—
(i)
any premises on or at or in which the operator of a transport service vehicle loads or unloads the vehicle or a rail operator loads or unloads a rail vehicle; or
(ii)
any premises on or at or in which goods are loaded onto or unloaded from a transport service vehicle or a rail vehicle, or are packed with a view to being loaded onto a transport service vehicle or a rail vehicle, by a person other than the operator of the vehicle, if the dangerous goods enforcement officer has reason to believe that any of those goods may be dangerous goods—
for the purpose of inspection to ensure that all persons involved in the transport of dangerous goods comply with the requirements of the rules and otherwise to ensure the safe transportation of dangerous goods; and
(b)
for the purposes of this section, has the powers conferred by section 132.
(2)
A dangerous goods enforcement officer may give such reasonable directions as are necessary in relation to the loading or unloading of a vehicle or rail vehicle or the packing or unpacking of any thing to ensure compliance with the rules or otherwise to ensure safety in relation to the transportation of dangerous goods.
(3)
Every dangerous goods enforcement officer exercising any of the powers conferred under this section must, at the time of exercising that power, and thereafter on request, produce—
(a)
evidence of that person’s appointment as an enforcement officer; and
(b)
evidence of that person’s identity.
(4)
A dangerous goods enforcement officer may, if authorised (either generally or specifically) in writing for the purpose by the Director or the Commissioner, take a person or animal onto the premises to assist the officer with an inspection, and a person assisting the officer has the powers conferred on a dangerous goods enforcement officer by this section.
(5)
Nothing in this section limits or affects the privilege against self incrimination.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70IB
Section 131(1)(a)(i): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 131(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 131(2): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 131(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 106 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
132 Inspection powers concerning dangerous goods
For the purposes of sections 129(1), 130(1), and 131(1), any enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer, and any person assisting the officer under section 129(2C), 130(5), or 131(4), may—
(a)
take samples of a substance; and
(b)
open containers or packages (including secured or sealed containers or packages) to inspect the contents; and
(c)
take measurements and sketches; and
(d)
inspect any documents or other records relating to the obligations imposed by or under the rules; and
(e)
require the production of any documents or information relevant to the purpose of the inspection; and
(f)
take copies of the documents or information or extracts from those documents or information.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 70IA, 70IB
Section 132: amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 95 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Part 10 Proceedings enforcing responsibilities
133 Owner liability for moving vehicle offences and special vehicle lane offences
(1)
Proceedings for a moving vehicle offence or a special vehicle lane offence may be taken against any 1 or more of the following persons:
(a)
the person who allegedly committed the offence:
(b)
the person who, at the time of the alleged offence, was registered under Part 17 in respect of the vehicle involved in the offence (or, if the offence is alleged to have been committed before the commencement of section 242, a person who, at the time of the alleged offence, was registered as the owner, or one of the owners, of that vehicle in a register kept under section 18 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986):
(c)
a person who, at the time of the alleged offence, was lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle involved in the offence (whether jointly with any other person or not);—
whether or not (in the case of a person referred to in paragraph (b) or paragraph (c)) the person is an individual or was the driver or person in charge of the vehicle at the time the alleged offence was committed.
(2)
In proceedings taken against a person under paragraph (b) or paragraph (c) of subsection (1), in the absence of proof to the contrary, it must be presumed that—
(a)
the defendant was the driver or person in charge of the vehicle at the time of the alleged offence (whether or not the person is an individual); and
(b)
the acts or omissions of the driver or person in charge of the vehicle at that time were the acts or omissions of the defendant.
(3)
It is a defence to proceedings against a person for a moving vehicle offence or a special vehicle lane offence if another person has, by virtue of an order under the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 or the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, become liable to pay a fine or costs, or both, in respect of the offence.
(4)
It is a defence to proceedings against a person under paragraph (b) or paragraph (c) of subsection (1) if,—
(a)
at the time the alleged offence was committed,—
(i)
the person was not lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle (either jointly with any other person or severally); or
(ii)
another person was driving the vehicle; and
(b)
immediately after becoming aware of the alleged offence, the person advised the enforcement authority in writing that, at the time the offence was committed, they were not lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle or another person was driving the vehicle (as the case may be); and
(c)
the person has given the enforcement authority a statutory declaration—
(i)
identifying the driver, by giving—
(A)
the full name and full address of the driver; and
(B)
any other identifying particulars, so far as they are within the person’s knowledge, such as the driver’s date of birth, occupation, telephone number, or electronic address; or
(ii)
establishing that the person could not identify the driver, after taking all reasonable steps to do so.
(5)
In proceedings for a moving vehicle offence or a special vehicle lane offence, a statutory declaration given under subsection (4) is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence of the matters stated in the declaration; and it is admissible for all purposes of any proceedings under this section.
Section 133 heading: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 72(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 133(1): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 72(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 133(1)(b): substituted, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 133(2): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 72(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 133(2)(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 72(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 133(3): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 133(3): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 72(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 133(4)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 23(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 133(4)(c)(i): replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 13 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 133(4)(c)(i)(B): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 23(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 133(5): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 72(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
133A Owner liability for stationary vehicle offences
(1)
Proceedings for a stationary vehicle offence may be taken against 1 or more of the following persons (whether or not, in the case of a person referred to in paragraph (b) or (c), the person is an individual or was the driver, person in charge, or user of the vehicle at the time the alleged offence was committed):
(a)
the person who allegedly committed the offence:
(b)
the person who, at the time of the alleged offence,—
(i)
was registered as the owner, or one of the owners, of the vehicle involved in the offence in a register kept under section 18 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986; or
(ii)
was the registered person in respect of the vehicle under Part 17 of this Act:
(c)
the person who, at the time of the alleged offence, was lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle involved in the offence (whether or not jointly with any other person).
(2)
Subject to subsection (4), in any proceedings taken against a person under subsection (1)(b) or (c), in the absence of proof to the contrary, it must be presumed that—
(a)
the person was the driver, person in charge, and user of the vehicle at the time of the alleged offence (whether or not the person is an individual); and
(b)
the acts or omissions of the driver, person in charge, or user of the vehicle at that time were the acts or omissions of the first-mentioned person.
(3)
It is a defence to proceedings taken against a person for a stationary vehicle offence if the person proves that another person has, by virtue of an order under the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 or the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, become liable to pay a fine or costs, or both, in respect of the offence.
(4)
It is a defence to proceedings taken against a person under subsection (1)(b) or (c) if—
(a)
the person proves that, at the time the alleged offence was committed,—
(i)
they were was not lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle (either jointly with any other person or individually); or
(ii)
another person was unlawfully in charge of the vehicle; and
(b)
as soon as practicable after becoming aware of the alleged offence, he or she advised the enforcement authority in writing that, at the time the offence was committed, he or she was not lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle or another person unlawfully had charge of the vehicle, as the case may be; and
(c)
he or she has given the enforcement authority a statutory declaration that—
(i)
identifies another person who was, at the time of the alleged offence, lawfully entitled to possession, or was unlawfully in charge, of the vehicle by providing—
(A)
the full name and full address of the other person; and
(B)
any other identifying particulars of the other person that are known to the person making the declaration (for example, the other person’s date of birth, occupation, telephone number, or electronic address); or
(ii)
establishes that the person making the declaration was unable to identify the other person after taking all reasonable steps to do so.
(5)
In the case of any stationary vehicle offence, any defence available under subsection (3) or (4) is in addition to and not in substitution for any defences available under the enactment creating the offence.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 41A
Section 133A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 73 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 133A(3): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 133A(4)(a)(i): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 24(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 133A(4)(c): replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 14 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 133A(4)(c)(i)(B): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 24(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
134 Strict liability for offences involving insecure loads and loads falling from vehicles
(1)
In proceedings for an offence against section 42 (which relates to failing to secure a load),—
(a)
it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that the defendant knew or should have known that the load was not secured or contained in such a manner that it could not fall or escape from the vehicle:
(b)
it is not necessary for the prosecution to allege or prove that a load did fall or escape from the vehicle:
(c)
it is no defence that the defendant’s conduct was not materially different from that of other operators of heavy motor vehicles:
(d)
it is no defence that the defendant took some steps to ensure that the load was secured or contained unless the court is satisfied that those steps were such that no fault could be attributed to the defendant:
(e)
it is no defence that the defendant believed that the weight or nature of the load was such that it was not necessary to secure or contain it.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), it is a defence to any proceedings for an offence against section 42 if—
(a)
the load was secured on or contained in the vehicle; and
(b)
a failure to ensure that the securing or containing of the load was in such a manner that it could not fall or escape from the vehicle occurred without fault on the defendant’s part.
(3)
If the court is satisfied that a load has fallen or escaped from the vehicle or a vehicle being towed by the vehicle, it is to be presumed that the operator of the vehicle has not ensured that the load was secured or contained in such a manner that it could not fall or escape from the vehicle, unless the falling or escaping of the load occurred without fault on the defendant’s part.
(4)
In proceedings for an offence against section 42, the court must, in determining whether or not the operator of a vehicle has been at fault, have regard to any of the following provisions if the court considers the operator was or should have been aware of them:
(a)
the provisions of any code of practice issued by the Agency or the Director (or any amendment or addition to any such code):
(b)
the provisions of the rules.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 70
Section 134(4)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 107 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 134(4)(a): amended, on 29 June 2009, by section 24 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 134(4)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Commencement of proceedings
135 Commencing proceedings, and jurisdiction, for offences
(1)
[Repealed](1A)
(1B)
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 194
Section 135 heading: replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 135(1): repealed, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 135(1A): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 135(1A): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 108 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 135(1B): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 135(2): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 135(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
136 Time for instituting proceedings
(1)
In proceedings for a category 1 or 2 offence against this Act, the court may dismiss the charge if satisfied that the person charged has been prejudiced in the person’s defence by any unreasonable delay in instituting the proceedings or in notifying the person of the time, place, and nature of the offence.
(2)
If a delay in instituting the proceedings has been caused by a change in the address of the defendant, the delay is not an unreasonable delay for the purposes of this section.
(3)
Section 25 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 does not apply to a prosecution for—
(a)
an offence against—
(i)
section 32 that involves driving while disqualified or contrary to the conditions of a licence, an alcohol interlock licence, a zero alcohol licence, or a limited licence; or
(ii)
section 44 that involves giving information that the person knows to be false or misleading; or
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 195
Section 136(1): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 136(3): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 136(3)(a): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 74(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 136(3)(b): substituted, on 1 October 2007, by section 72 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 136(3)(b)(iia): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 74(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Certain matters not defences
137 Compliance with speed limit and certain other matters not to be defences
(1)
It is no defence in any proceedings for an offence relating to the driving of a motor vehicle on a road, other than the offence of exceeding a speed limit, that at the time of the alleged offence the motor vehicle was being driven at a speed not exceeding the applicable speed limit.
(2)
It is no defence to a charge of manslaughter that the guilty act or omission proved against the person charged is an offence against this Act.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 54
Infringement offences
138 Infringement offences
(1)
If a person is alleged to have committed an infringement offence, the person may either—
(a)
be proceeded against by filing a charging document under section 14 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011; or
(b)
be served with an infringement notice as provided in section 139.
(2)
Despite section 21 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, leave of a District Court Judge or Registrar to file a charging document is not necessary if the enforcement authority commences proceedings for an infringement offence by filing a charging document under the Criminal Procedure Act 2011.
Section 138: replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
139 Issue of infringement notice
(1)
If an enforcement officer has reasonable cause to believe an infringement offence is being or has been committed by a person, an infringement notice in respect of that offence may be issued to that person by an enforcement officer.
(2)
An infringement notice may be served—
(a)
by attaching it, or a copy of it, to the vehicle to which the notice relates; or
(b)
by delivering it, or a copy of it, personally to the person who appears to have committed the infringement offence; or
(ba)
by delivering it, or a copy of it, personally to the person who appears to be in charge of the vehicle to which the notice relates; or
(c)
by sending it, or a copy of it, to the person who appears to have committed the infringement offence—
(i)
by post addressed to the person at their last known place of residence or business or last known postal address; or
(ii)
by electronic means addressed to the person at their electronic address; or
(d)
if the person is the holder of a land transport document, by serving it, or a copy of it, on that person—
(i)
by post at the last address the person provided for service for the purposes of that land transport document; or
(ii)
by electronic means at their electronic address.
(3)
An infringement notice that—
(a)
is attached to a vehicle under subsection (2)(a) or personally delivered under subsection (2)(b) or (ba) must be treated as having been served on every person liable in respect of the alleged offence when it is attached to the vehicle or personally delivered:
(b)
is sent to a person by post under subsection (2)(c)(i) or (d)(i) must be treated as having been served on the person when it would have been delivered in the ordinary course of post:
(c)
is sent electronically to a person under subsection (2)(c)(ii) or (d)(ii) must, unless the contrary is shown, be treated as having been sent to, or served on, the person at the time the electronic communication containing the notice first enters an information system that is outside the control of the enforcement officer.
(4)
[Repealed](5)
[Repealed](6)
If a parking warden has reason to believe that the user of a vehicle has committed an infringement offence that may be enforced by a parking warden under section 128E,—
(a)
the user of the vehicle may be proceeded against for the alleged offence under the Criminal Procedure Act 2011; or
(b)
the parking warden may issue an infringement notice in respect of the alleged offence.
Service of reminder notice
(6A)
Despite section 24(1)(e) of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, a reminder notice may be served on a person for the purposes of section 21(2) of that Act by serving the notice in accordance with subsection (2)(c)(ii) or (d)(ii) in addition to the other modes of service set out in section 24(1) of that Act and without otherwise limiting or affecting the operation of section 24 of that Act.
(7)
[Repealed](8)
In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, electronic address, in relation to a person, means—
(a)
an electronic address that the person has given to an enforcement authority; or
(b)
otherwise, the person’s last known electronic address.
(8)
[Repealed](9)
[Repealed](10)
[Repealed](11)
[Repealed](12)
[Repealed](13)
[Repealed]Compare: 1993 No 88 s 32
Section 139(2)(ba): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 96(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 139(2)(c): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(2)(d): replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(3): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 139(3)(a): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 96(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 139(3)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(3)(b): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(3)(c): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(4): repealed, on 1 August 2012, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 139(5): repealed, on 1 August 2012, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 139(6): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 75 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 139(6)(a): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 139(6A) heading: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(6A): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(5) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(7): repealed, on 5 April 2025, by section 486 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10).
Section 139(8): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 25(6) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 139(8) heading: repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
Section 139(8): repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
Section 139(9): repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
Section 139(10): repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
Section 139(11): repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
Section 139(12): repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
Section 139(13): repealed, on 20 October 2022, by section 139(13).
139AAA Infringement offence verified by automated infringement system
(1)
This section applies if an automated infringement system that is linked to information on the register of motor vehicles verifies, on the basis of data provided by approved vehicle surveillance equipment or a point-to-point average speed system,—
(a)
the commission of an infringement offence, that is a moving vehicle offence, detected by the equipment or system; and
(b)
the following data in connection with the offence:
(i)
1 or more electronic images (or sequences of electronic images) connected with the infringement offence:
(ii)
the registration plate of the vehicle involved in the infringement offence:
(iii)
the registered person for the vehicle; and
(c)
that the images referred to in paragraph (b)(i) are of sufficient quality to be used as evidence in relation to the offence.
(2)
The automated infringement system produces an infringement notice in relation to the verified infringement offence that the Agency issues as enforcement officer under section 139.
(3)
For the purposes of section 139(1), the Agency as enforcement officer (see section 208A) is treated as having reasonable cause to believe the infringement offence has been committed if the automated infringement system verifies the matters set out in subsection (1) in relation to the offence.
Section 139AAA: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
139AAB Approval of automated infringement system
(1)
The Minister of Transport may approve an automated infringement system for the purposes of section 139AAA if satisfied that the system is capable of verifying the matters set out in section 139AAA(1).
(2)
Before approving an automated infringement system, the Minister must consult the Privacy Commissioner about—
(a)
how the system is proposed to operate; and
(b)
any privacy implications of its operation.
(3)
The Minister of Transport may issue a certificate of approval.
(4)
A certificate of approval issued under subsection (3) is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in accordance with the Legislation (Publication) Regulations 2021 | LA19 s 74(1)(aa) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 139AAB: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
139AAC Annual quality assurance of automated infringement system
The Agency must ensure that an automated infringement system undergoes annually a quality assurance process to ensure the ongoing capability of the system—
(a)
to verify the matters set out in section 139AAA(1); and
(b)
to collect, hold, use, and disclose personal information in accordance with the Privacy Act 2020.
Section 139AAC: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 26 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
139A Towage fees if parking offences prosecuted
(1)
The court must order the defendant to pay, in addition to any fine and any costs ordered by the court, the amount of the appropriate towage fee if, in proceedings in respect of a parking offence,—
(a)
the defendant is found guilty of, or pleads guilty to, the offence; and
(b)
the court is satisfied that expenses have been incurred by an enforcement authority in respect of the movement or proposed movement of the vehicle involved in the offence (whether or not the vehicle was in fact moved).
(2)
If, in proceedings in respect of a parking offence (including proceedings commenced by the filing of a copy of a reminder notice under section 21(5) of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957 or the provision of particulars of a reminder notice under section 21 of that Act), the defendant is ordered to pay an amount in respect of a towage fee, the amount of the fee recovered must be paid to the enforcement authority that incurred the towage expenses.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 43A
Section 139A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 76 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
140 Contents of infringement and reminder notices
(1)
An infringement notice must be in the form prescribed by regulations made under this Act and must contain—
(a)
details of the alleged infringement offence that are sufficient fairly to inform a person of the time, place, and nature of the alleged offence; and
(b)
in the case of a speeding offence, the applicable speed limit and the speed at which it is alleged the driver was travelling at the time of the alleged offence; and
(c)
in the case of an infringement offence (other than a speeding offence) in respect of which a scale of infringement fees is prescribed having regard to the extent of the alleged offence, the extent of the infringement offence alleged; and
(d)
the amount of the infringement fee specified in respect of that offence; and
(e)
the address of the place at which the infringement fee may be paid; and
(f)
the time within which the infringement fee may be paid; and
(g)
a summary of the provisions of section 21(10) of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957; and
(h)
in the case of an alleged infringement offence that is a moving vehicle offence, a summary of the provisions of section 133 of this Act; and
(ha)
in the case of an alleged infringement offence that is a stationary vehicle offence, an outline of the process under section 133A for transferring liability in relation to the alleged offence; and
(i)
a statement of the right of the person served with the notice to request a hearing; and
(j)
a statement of the consequences if the person served with the notice does not pay the infringement fee and does not make a request for a hearing; and
(k)
any other particulars as are prescribed.
(1A)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) and (b), in the case of a speeding offence where the person issuing the infringement notice relies on section 146A,—
(a)
the place of the offence is the length of road between the 2 detection points in relation to which the point-to-point average speed system operated; and
(b)
the time of the offence is the whole time during which the vehicle was travelling between the 2 detection points; and
(c)
the speed at which it is alleged the driver was travelling is the average speed calculated under section 146A; and
(d)
if more than 1 speed limit applies between the 2 detection points, the applicable speed limit is the average weighted speed limit calculated under section 146B.
(2)
A reminder notice must—
(a)
be in the form prescribed by regulations made under this Act; and
(b)
include the same particulars, or substantially the same particulars, as the infringement notice; and
(c)
in the case of an offence to which demerit points apply, include a statement that demerit points apply to the alleged offence; and
(d)
in the case of an alleged infringement offence that is a stationary vehicle offence, include a summary of the provisions of section 133A.
(3)
Different forms of infringement notices and reminder notices may be prescribed for different kinds of infringement offences.
Section 140: replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 16 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 140(1)(ha): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 97 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 140(1A): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 27 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 140(2)(c): amended, on 26 March 2015, by section 7(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 17).
Section 140(2)(d): inserted, on 26 March 2015, by section 7(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 17).
141 Provisions relating to infringement fees
(1)
The infringement fee payable in respect of an infringement offence is the appropriate infringement fee prescribed in respect of the relevant offence by or under this Act.
(2)
If an infringement fee is paid to an enforcement authority other than the Police, the enforcement authority must give the Commissioner the particulars of the infringement and of the payment that the Commissioner requires.
(3)
Subject to subsections (4) and (5), all infringement fees received under this Act by an enforcement authority or recovered under the Summary Proceedings Act 1957 must be paid into a Crown Bank Account, except that the enforcement authority may retain any portion of the fees so received that the Minister of Finance from time to time approves as being the expenses incidental to their collection.
(4)
An enforcement authority that is the Agency, the Director, or a local authority may retain the portion of the infringement fees received by it under this Act—
(a)
that the Minister of Finance from time to time approves; and
(b)
that is received in respect of an infringement offence in relation to the use of a special vehicle lane.
(5)
An enforcement authority that is a road controlling authority may retain—
(a)
all infringement fees that it receives in respect of offences that involve—
(i)
parking in breach of a bylaw of the road controlling authority on any portion of a road where parking is for the time being governed by the location of parking meters placed pursuant to a bylaw of the road controlling authority; or
(ii)
parking on any other portion of a road in breach of a bylaw of the road controlling authority that prohibits parking for a period in excess of the period fixed by the bylaw where the infringement notice in respect of the offence was issued by an officer or other person appointed by the road controlling authority; and
(b)
all towage fees received by it; and
(c)
the portion of all other infringement fees received by it that the Minister of Finance from time to time approves.
(6)
The Commissioner must from time to time, out of money appropriated by Parliament for the purpose, pay to a road controlling authority the portions of the infringement fees (other than towage fees) that the Minister of Finance from time to time approves and that the Commissioner receives in respect of other offences that involve breaches of the road controlling authority’s bylaws (not being offences that are also offences against an Act or a regulation).
(7)
For the purposes of subsections (4) and (5), the Minister of Finance may approve the retention of different portions for road controlling authorities or enforcement authorities and different categories of infringement offences.
(8)
[Repealed]Section 141: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 77 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 141(4): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 109 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 141(8): repealed, on 5 April 2025, by section 486 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10).
Evidence
141A Evidence of ongoing capability of automated infringement system
(1)
In proceedings relating to an infringement offence verified by an automated infringement system, the production of a certificate (or a document purporting to be a copy of the certificate) purporting to be signed by a person authorised for the purpose by the Agency, as to the capability of the automated infringement system referred to in the certificate, is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient proof that—
(a)
the system had, within the preceding 12 months, undergone a quality assurance process as required by section 139AAC; and
(b)
the system was verifying the matters set out in section 139AAA(1); and
(c)
the system was being operated in a way that collects, holds, uses, and discloses personal information in accordance with the Privacy Act 2020.
(2)
A certificate under subsection (1)—
(a)
must be, or have been, current on the date of the alleged offence; and
(b)
is not valid if it was given more than 12 months before the date of the alleged offence.
(3)
In any proceedings where a certificate has been produced under this section, the court may, on application made not less than 14 days before the hearing of the charge concerned, and if satisfied that there is good cause to do so, set aside the certificate and require the capability of the automated infringement system to be established by evidence other than the certificate.
Section 141A: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 28 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
142 Evidence of driver history relating to infringement fees
(1)
In proceedings against a person for an offence in connection with the driving of a motor vehicle, a certificate purporting to be signed by an employee of the Agency or a constable to the effect described in subsection (2) that has annexed to it a printout of the record referred to in that subsection is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, sufficient evidence of the matters contained in the certificate.
(2)
The certificate referred to in subsection (1) must be to the effect that the employee or constable—
(a)
has checked the information stored in relation to driver history on such computer system as is for the time being maintained by the Police or the Agency or the Ministry of Justice for the purposes of storing law enforcement information; and
(b)
either—
(i)
has found a record to the effect that an infringement fee has been paid by that person in respect of an infringement offence; or
(ii)
has found a record to the effect that a court has made an order in respect of an infringement offence or a minor offence.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 42A(11)
Section 142(1): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(ii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 142(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 142(2): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(ii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 142(2)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 142(2)(a): amended, on 1 October 2003, pursuant to section 14(1) of the State Sector Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 41).
143 Evidence of driver licence
(1)
This section applies to offences alleged against paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of section 31(1).
(2)
In proceedings against a person for an offence to which this section applies, a certificate that meets the requirements of subsection (3) and purports to be signed by a constable or Police employee who is not a constable or an employee of the Agency is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence of the matters contained in the certificate.
(3)
A certificate referred to in subsection (2) must state that the constable or Police employee who is not a constable or the employee has checked the register of driver licences kept by the Agency under section 199 and—
(a)
has found no record showing that, on or before the date of the alleged offence, the person had ever held a driver licence; or
(b)
has found a record showing that the person has held a licence to drive a vehicle of the class referred to in the proceedings, and that, at the date of the alleged offence, the licence had expired; or
(c)
has found a record showing that, at the date of the alleged offence, the person held a licence to drive a vehicle, but not a vehicle of the class referred to in the proceedings; or
(d)
has found a record showing that the person held a licence to drive a vehicle, but not a vehicle of the class referred to in the proceedings, and that, at the date of the alleged offence, the licence had expired.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 39
Section 143(2): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 143(2): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(d) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 143(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 143(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 143(3): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(d) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 143(3): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
144 Evidence in certain proceedings
(1)
In proceedings for an offence against this Act relating to the driving of motor vehicles, whether by way of hearing in the first instance or by way of appeal or otherwise, the court may receive as evidence—
(a)
an affidavit filed in the court by or on behalf of the defendant:
(b)
evidence adduced by or on behalf of the defendant that the court thinks fit, whether or not it would, apart from this paragraph, be legally admissible evidence.
(2)
Except by special direction of the court, subsection (1)(a) does not apply in any case where it appears to the court that the deponent’s usual place of residence is less than 80 km by road from the place of hearing.
(3)
A copy of the Gazette containing an appointment, warrant, order, or other act of authority made under this Act is evidence in all courts that the appointment, warrant, order, or other act has been duly made or performed under the authority of this Act.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 196; 1986 No 6 s 51
145 Evidence of approved vehicle surveillance equipment
(1)
In proceedings for a moving vehicle offence or a special vehicle lane offence, data (including electronic images or a sequence of electronic images) produced by approved vehicle surveillance equipment and showing or recording a motor vehicle on a road, the speed of the vehicle, the location of the vehicle, the colour or form of a traffic control device, the fact that a toll has not been paid in respect of the vehicle, and the date and time when the image was taken, or showing or recording any of those things, is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence of that fact or event.
(2)
The production, in proceedings for a moving vehicle offence or a special vehicle lane offence, of data purporting to be data referred to in subsection (1) is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence that the data was produced by approved vehicle surveillance equipment.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 42
Section 145(1): amended, on 1 November 2023, by section 29(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 145(1): amended, on 1 July 2017, by section 19(1) of the Energy Innovation (Electric Vehicles and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 27).
Section 145(1): amended, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 145(2): replaced, on 1 November 2023, by section 29(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
145A Evidence and proof
In any proceedings for an offence against Part 6A,—
(a)
if it is proved that passengers or goods were carried in or on any motor vehicle, the passengers or goods are deemed to have been carried in such a manner as to bring the motor vehicle under the requirements of this Act unless the defendant satisfies the court to the contrary:
(b)
evidence of the contents of the register maintained under section 199A may be given by a certificate signed by an officer of the Agency or a Police employee and every such certificate is sufficient evidence of the matters stated in it, until the contrary is proved:
(c)
the production of a certificate signed by an officer of the Agency or a Police employee to the effect that on a specified date a person was or was not the holder of any transport service licence or any specified type of transport service licence is sufficient evidence of the matter certified, until the contrary is proved:
(d)
it is to be presumed that every certificate purporting to have been certified or given under this section has been certified or given by an officer of the Agency or a Police employee to certify documents or give certificates under this section, until the contrary is proved.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 63
Section 145A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 73 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 145A(b): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 78(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 145A(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 145A(c): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 78(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 145A(c): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 145A(d): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 78(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 145A(d): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
146 Evidence of testing and accuracy of speed-measuring devices, etc
(1)
In proceedings for a speeding offence against any bylaws or enactment, any other offence against this Act, or an offence against the Road User Charges Act 2012 (or any regulations made under that Act), the production of a certificate (or a document purporting to be a copy of the certificate) purporting to be signed by a constable or Police employee who is not a constable authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner or by a person authorised for the purpose by the Agency, as to the testing and accuracy of any equipment or device to which this section applies that is referred to in the certificate, is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient proof that the equipment or device referred to was tested on the date specified in the certificate and was accurate on the date of the alleged offence.
(2)
Every document purporting to be a copy of a certificate issued under this section is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, to be presumed to be a true copy.
(3)
Every certificate issued under this section is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, to be presumed to have been signed by a person duly authorised to sign it; and it is not necessary for any such certificate to show on its face that the person signing it was so authorised.
(4)
This section applies to distance-measuring devices, speed-measuring devices, approved vehicle surveillance equipment, and tuning forks used to check such devices or equipment.
(5)
The fact that any equipment or device to which this section applies was tested before or after the date of the alleged offence does not of itself affect the validity of any certificate given under this section in relation to the testing of that equipment or device. However, any testing must not be more than 12 months before the date of the alleged offence.
(6)
In any proceedings where a certificate has been produced under this section, the court may, on application made not less than 14 days before the hearing of the charge concerned, and if satisfied that there is good cause to do so, set aside the certificate and require the accuracy of the equipment or device to be established by evidence other than the certificate.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 197
Section 146(1): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 146(1): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 146(1): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(d) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 146(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 146(1): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 74 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 146(1): amended, on 19 December 2001, by section 11 of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
146A Average speed treated as actual speed
(1)
In proceedings against a person for a speeding offence, the average speed of the relevant vehicle between 2 detection points on a road calculated by a point-to-point average speed system must, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be treated as being the speed at which the vehicle was actually travelling between those 2 detection points.
(2)
The average speed of a vehicle between 2 detection points on a road is to be calculated using the following formula (and expressed in kilometres per hour rounded down to the next whole number):
(d × 3.6) ÷ t
where—
- d
is the surveyed distance (expressed in metres and rounded down to the next whole number)
- t
is the period (expressed in seconds) between the time when the vehicle passes the first detection point and the time when it passes the second detection point.
(3)
In this section and sections 146B to 146D, unless the context otherwise requires,—
data, in relation to a speeding offence detected by a point-to-point average speed system, means any form of data (including electronic images or a sequence of electronic images) about any 1 or more of the following:
(a)
the time of any event recorded (including the time a vehicle passed a detection point):
(b)
the position of a vehicle on a road at any given time:
(c)
the direction in which a vehicle is moving:
(d)
the characters on a vehicle’s registration plate:
(e)
the average speed of a vehicle between 2 detection points:
(f)
any speed limit or speed limits between 2 detection points:
(g)
any self-test, diagnostic, or other data about how the system is operating
element, of a point-to-point average speed system, means any 1 or more of the following:
(a)
the 2 items of approved vehicle surveillance equipment at the detection points:
(b)
the location of the 2 detection points:
(c)
the surveyed distance between those 2 detection points:
(d)
if only 1 speed limit applies between those 2 detection points, that speed limit:
(e)
if more than 1 speed limit applies between those 2 detection points,—
(i)
those speed limits; and
(ii)
when those speed limits apply; and
(iii)
the intermediate surveyed distance for each speed limit; and
(iv)
the weighted average speed limit between those 2 detection points, as calculated under section 146B
intermediate surveyed distance, in a case where 2 or more speed limits apply between 2 detection points, means the distance along the length of road where each speed limit applies—
(a)
measured by a cadastral surveyor licensed under the Cadastral Survey Act 2002 in accordance with the method determined and published by the Director after consulting with the Surveyor-General appointed under that Act; and
(b)
published by the Director under section 146D
surveyed distance means the distance between 2 detection points to which 1 or more speed limits apply—
(a)
measured by a cadastral surveyor licensed under the Cadastral Survey Act 2002 in accordance with the method determined and published by the Director after consulting the Surveyor-General appointed under that Act; and
(b)
published by the Director under section 146D.
Section 146A: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
146B Weighted average speed limit between 2 detection points
(1)
This section applies if more than 1 speed limit applies between 2 detection points on a length of road along which the average speed of a vehicle is to be calculated for the purposes of section 146A.
(2)
The speed limit for the purpose of that calculation is the average weighted speed limit calculated under subsection (3).
(3)
The average weighted speed limit for a length of road between 2 detection points is to be calculated using the following formula (and expressed in kilometres per hour rounded up to the next whole number):
dt ÷ ((d1 ÷ s1) + (d2 ÷ s2) + ... (dn ÷ sn))
where—
- dt
is the surveyed distance (expressed in metres and rounded down to the next whole number)
- d1, d2 ... dn
are the intermediate surveyed distances (expressed in metres and rounded down to the next whole number) over which the speed limits between the 2 detection points apply
- s1, s2 ... sn
are the speed limits that apply between the 2 detection points.
Section 146B: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
146C Evidence relating to average speed
(1)
This section applies to proceedings for a speeding offence in which the average speed of the vehicle under section 146A is relied on.
(2)
In those proceedings, the production of data relating to the alleged speeding offence and purporting to be generated by a point-to-point average speed system is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence of the accuracy of that data.
(3)
In those proceedings, the production of a notice published under section 146D describing an element of a point-to-point average speed system is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence of that element.
(4)
In cases to which section 146B applies, the weighted average speed limit calculated under that section must be treated as a speed limit in provisions in or under this Act that impose different penalties for speeding offences depending on the degree to which a speed limit is exceeded, and those provisions apply accordingly.
(5)
This section does not limit or affect any other evidence of the speed of a motor vehicle in proceedings for a speeding offence.
Section 146C: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
146D Publication of matters relating to point-to-point average speed system
(1)
The Director must publish—
(a)
the elements of a point-to-point average speed system; and
(b)
the method by which surveyed distances and intermediate surveyed distances are to be measured for the purpose of the operation of any point-to-point average speed system.
(2)
The Director must publish those matters by notice—
(a)
in the Gazette; and
(b)
on an Internet site maintained by the Agency.
Section 146D: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
146E Traffic control devices informing drivers of system
(1)
If the Agency installs a point-to-point average speed system on a road, it must ensure that, while the system is being operated, 1 or more traffic control devices are in place that inform drivers passing the first detection point of the presence of the system.
(2)
In proceedings for a speeding offence in which the average speed of the vehicle under section 146A is relied on, a certificate purporting to be signed by a constable, a Police employee who is not a constable, or an employee of the Agency, that states that 1 or more traffic control devices were in place on a date no more than 1 year before the date of the alleged offence, is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence that the device or devices were in place as stated.
Section 146E: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 30 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
147 Evidence of accuracy of weighing devices and sites
(1)
In proceedings for an offence against this Act or an offence against the Road User Charges Act 2012 (or any regulations made under that Act), the production of a certificate (or a document purporting to be a copy of a certificate) purporting to be signed by a constable or Police employee who is not a constable authorised by the Commissioner in that behalf (either generally or in a particular case) to the effect described in subsection (2) is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, sufficient evidence that the device or site to which the certificate relates has been tested and was accurate on the date of the alleged offence.
(2)
A certificate referred to in subsection (1) may be to the effect that,—
(a)
on a specified date, being a date not more than 12 months earlier than the date of the alleged offence, a weighing device referred to in the certificate was tested and found to be accurate by—
(i)
an Inspector of Weights and Measures; or
(ii)
an accredited person (within the meaning of the Weights and Measures Act 1987); or
(iii)
an employee of a laboratory for the time being approved for the purpose by the Science Minister, by notice in the Gazette; or
(iv)
any other person who is approved for the purpose by the Minister, by notice in the Gazette; or
(b)
on a specified date, being a date not more than 5 years earlier than the date of the alleged offence, a site referred to in the certificate was tested or surveyed, and found to be accurate, by—
(i)
an employee of the Agency; or
(ii)
a constable or Police employee who is not a constable; or
(iii)
an employee or contractor of a laboratory for the time being approved for the purpose by the Science Minister, by notice in the Gazette.
(3)
[Repealed](4)
A certificate issued under subsection (1) sufficiently identifies the weighing device to which it refers if (in the case of a portable wheel weigher) it contains the serial number of the wheel weigher or if (in the case of a weighbridge or site) it refers to the location of the weighbridge or site.
(5)
Every document purporting to be a copy of a certificate issued under this section is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to be presumed to be a true copy.
(6)
Every certificate issued under this section is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to be presumed to have been signed by a person duly authorised to sign it; and it is not necessary for any such certificate to show on its face that the person signing it was so authorised.
(7)
In proceedings for an offence against this Act or an offence against the Road User Charges Act 2012 (or any regulations made under that Act), evidence that—
(a)
a weighing device bore the stamp of a mark of verification under the Weights and Measures Act 1987 indicating that the weighing device had been so stamped; or
(b)
at the time of the alleged offence, there was in force in respect of a weighing device a certificate of accuracy issued under the Weights and Measures Act 1987—
is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, sufficient evidence that the weighing device was accurate on the date of the alleged offence.
(8)
In this section, site does not include weigh-in-motion technology.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 197
Section 147(1): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 147(1): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 147(1): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(d) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 147(1): amended, on 19 December 2001, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 147(2)(b)(i): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 147(2)(b)(ii): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 147(2)(b)(ii): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(d) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 147(3): repealed, on 11 August 2017, by section 55(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 147(7): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 147(7): amended, on 19 December 2001, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104).
Section 147(8): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 55(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
147A Certification of accuracy of alternative weighing technology
(1)
Alternative weighing technology may be certified as having been tested and found to be accurate if, on a specified date, it was tested and found to be accurate by—
(a)
an Inspector of Weights and Measures; or
(b)
an accredited person (within the meaning of the Weights and Measures Act 1987); or
(c)
an employee of a laboratory for the time being approved for the purpose by the Science Minister by notice in the Gazette; or
(d)
any other person who is approved for the purpose by the Minister by notice in the Gazette.
(2)
A certificate issued under subsection (1) sufficiently identifies the alternative weighing technology to which it refers if it contains the serial number of the technology or if it refers to the location of the technology.
(3)
For the purposes of this section, alternative weighing technology means technology that—
(a)
is capable of measuring the mass of a vehicle or the mass on each axle of a vehicle; and
(b)
is not described in section 147(4).
(4)
If alternative weighing technology has been certified under subsection (1) on a date not more than 12 months earlier than the date of the use of the technology, the technology—
(a)
may be used to assess whether to investigate a possible offence against this Act or an offence against the Road User Charges Act 2012 (or any regulations made under those Acts); or
(b)
may be used to assess whether such an offence has been committed.
Section 147A: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 56 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
148 Presumptions relating to axle weights and dangerous goods
(1)
This section applies in proceedings for an offence against section 43(1) (which relates to overloading offences) where the gross weight of the motor vehicle or the weight on an axle or group of axles or the total number of axles of the motor vehicle is measured at some place other than the place where the overloading offence is alleged to have been committed.
(2)
If subsection (1) applies, it is to be presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that the gross weight of the motor vehicle or (as the case may be) the weight on that axle or group of axles or the total number of axles, at the time when and the place where the offence is alleged to have been committed, was the same as the gross weight or (as the case may be) the weight on that axle or group of axles or the total number of axles, as ascertained at the time when and the place where that weight was measured.
(3)
In any proceedings for an offence against this Act concerning the carriage of dangerous goods, it is to be presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that,—
(a)
if any marks, labels, or placards on the vehicle or rail vehicle or the load indicated the presence of dangerous goods or other material or food or food containers, then such dangerous goods or other material or food or food containers were present on the vehicle or rail vehicle or in the load, and were—
(i)
of the nature indicated by the mark, label, or placard; and
(ii)
of the quantity (if any) indicated by the mark, label, or placard:
(b)
if the vehicle or rail vehicle or load on the vehicle or rail vehicle contained any dangerous goods or other material, or food or food containers, for which documentation was carried by the driver or inside or on the vehicle or rail vehicle, then such dangerous goods or other material, or food or food containers, were of the nature indicated and were of the quantity (if any) specified in that documentation.
(4)
With respect to subsection (3), the definition of load in section 2(1) must be read as if the references to a vehicle or vehicles in that definition were references to a rail vehicle or rail vehicles, as the case may be.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 69B(4), 70F(4)
Section 148(3)(a): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 148(3)(b): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 148(4): added, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
149 Admissibility of certain statements by drivers of certain vehicles
(1)
A statement made to an enforcement officer, or to a person authorised for that purpose by the Agency or the Director, to the effect described in subsection (2) may be given in evidence by that officer or person and is admissible in evidence in proceedings for an offence against this Act as evidence of the matters referred to in the statement.
(2)
A statement referred to in subsection (1) must be to the effect that the statement—
(a)
was made by the driver of—
(i)
a vehicle that is or ought to be used in a transport service (other than a rental service); or
(ii)
a heavy motor vehicle; and
(b)
was made to an enforcement officer or to a person authorised for that purpose by the Agency or the Director; and
(c)
relates to the identity of the employer of that driver or a matter that is or ought to be specified in a logbook.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 196A
Section 149(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 110(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 149(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 110(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
150 Evidence of certain documents
(1)
In proceedings for an offence against this Act,—
(a)
a document that purports to be issued by a person authorised for that purpose by the Agency or the Director, and that is certified by that person to be a true copy of a certificate or other document issued under this Act or the regulations or the rules, is (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) sufficient evidence of the facts stated in the copy:
(b)
a document that is certified by a person authorised for that purpose by the Agency or the Director to be a true copy of a person’s demerit points record, including any attempts by the authorised person to notify the person under section 90(1), is (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) sufficient evidence of the facts stated in the copy:
(c)
a scanned copy of a document specified in paragraph (a) or (b) is (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) sufficient evidence of the facts stated in the scanned copy.
(2)
A person authorised by the Agency or the Director who certifies such a copy as a true copy is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to be presumed to be authorised to certify it.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 196B
Section 150(1): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 79 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 150(1)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 111(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 150(1)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 111(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 150(1)(b): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 111(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 150(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 111(4) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
151 Evidence of rules
Without limiting any other method of proof, the production in proceedings of a copy of—
(a)
an ordinary rule purporting to have been made by the Minister or the Governor-General under Part 11; or
(b)
an emergency rule purporting to have been made by the Agency under section 162—
is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, sufficient evidence of the rule and of the fact that it has been made in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 14
Section 151(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 80 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 151(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Part 11 Land transport secondary legislation
Part 11 heading: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
152 Power of Minister to make ordinary rules
(1)
The Minister may make rules (ordinary rules) for all or any of the following purposes:
(a)
safety and licensing for any form of transport within the land transport system, including (but not limited to) technical requirements and standards:
(b)
assisting land transport safety and security, including (but not limited to) personal security:
(ba)
providing for the appropriate management of infrastructure:
(c)
assisting economic development:
(d)
improving access and mobility:
(e)
protecting and promoting public health:
(f)
ensuring environmental sustainability:
(g)
any matter related, or reasonably incidental, to any of the following:
(i)
the Minister’s objectives under section 169:
(ii)
the Minister’s functions under section 169A:
(iii)
the Agency’s objective under section 94 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(iv)
the Agency’s functions under section 95 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(v)
the Director’s functions under section 104B of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(h)
any other matter contemplated by a provision of this Act.
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade considers that the secondary legislation may have international transparency obligations under the CPTPP. As a result the maker may also have to comply with s 75 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 74(2), 75 | |||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 152: substituted, on 1 December 2004, by section 4 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 152(1)(ba): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 57 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 152(1)(g): substituted, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 152(1)(g)(v): inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 112 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 152(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
152A Governor-General may make ordinary rules
(1)
Despite anything in this Part, the Governor-General may, by Order in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister, make, amend, or revoke an ordinary rule for any of the purposes for which the Minister may make, amend, or revoke an ordinary rule under this Part.
(2)
The Minister must have regard to the criteria specified in section 164(2) before making a recommendation under subsection (1).
(3)
Section 161(1)(a) and (2) do not apply to an ordinary rule made by Order in Council under subsection (1).
(4)
[Repealed](5)
The Minister may amend or revoke an ordinary rule or an amendment to an ordinary rule made by Order in Council under subsection (1) as if the Minister had made the ordinary rule or the amendment to the ordinary rule under this Part.
(6)
An order under this section—
(a)
is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements); and
(b)
is not to be drafted by the PCO under section 67(d)(i) of that Act.
Compare: 1990 No 98 s 34A
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade considers that the secondary legislation may have international transparency obligations under the CPTPP. As a result the maker may also have to comply with s 75 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 74(2), 75 | |||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 152A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 81 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 152A(4): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 152A(6): replaced, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
153 Rules concerning road user behaviour
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may—
(a)
set out standards and requirements concerning road user behaviour, including standards and requirements concerning the conduct of drivers, pedestrians, and other persons using roads:
(b)
regulate traffic of all classes (including vehicular, pedestrian, and animal traffic), and prohibit traffic or a class of traffic, either absolutely or conditionally, on a specified road or specified class of road:
(c)
set out standards and requirements concerning the use of vehicle safety equipment by drivers, and passengers in or on vehicles:
(d)
regulate the movement of animals on roads.
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 5(c), (f)
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 153(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
154 Rules concerning driver licensing
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may—
(a)
put in place a system or provide for the licensing of drivers of motor vehicles, including provisions for the issue, endorsement, alteration, replacement, renewal, surrender, suspension, expiry, and revocation of licences:
(b)
specify different requirements for drivers of different age groups or experience, including requirements concerning the issue and expiry of licences:
(c)
provide for different classes of driver licences, and for the endorsement of licences for different purposes, and specify their effect:
(d)
specify the documentary evidence and other information to be submitted with applications concerning driver licences:
(e)
provide for the theoretical, practical, and medical examination and testing of applicants and holders of driver licences, and set out standards for theoretical, practical, and medical examinations and tests:
(f)
provide for the approval of persons who have functions under the rules, including persons who are to conduct the theoretical or practical or medical examination or testing of applicants for or holders of driver licences:
(g)
provide for the use of aids or the driving of vehicles that are specially adapted or have particular features:
(h)
provide for the issue of driver identification cards; and provide for driver identification cards to remain the property of the Agency:
(i)
provide for the recognition of driver licences issued outside New Zealand:
(j)
prescribe the form and content of temporary driver licences for the purposes of this Act:
(k)
give effect to any international convention concerning the recognition of driver licences and permits issued outside New Zealand and the recognition of international driving permits.
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 154(1)(h): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 154(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
155 Rules concerning vehicles
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may—
(a)
set out standards and requirements concerning vehicles, including their construction, mass and dimensions, emissions, environmental requirements, loading requirements, identification, repair, maintenance, modification, inspection, and fuel systems:
(b)
set out standards and requirements concerning systems, components, devices, fittings, or equipment to be incorporated in the construction of, fitted to, or carried in or on motor vehicles, or to be used by the driver or any other person:
(c)
provide for the recall of vehicles, or components or equipment of vehicles, that do not meet standards or requirements imposed by the rules, and for their recall where there is reason to believe that a procedure or requirement imposed by a rule has not adequately been carried out or complied with, including provisions—
(i)
specifying the circumstances in which a vehicle must be recalled:
(ii)
empowering persons to direct the recall of vehicles:
(iii)
specifying the persons who may be directed to recall a vehicle (including the manufacturer, the agent of the manufacturer, the importer of the vehicle, the person or organisation responsible for certifying that a vehicle complies with standards or requirements imposed by the rules, or any other person responsible for the presence of a vehicle on a road):
(d)
require and provide for vehicle identification numbers to be assigned to motor vehicles being operated in New Zealand:
(e)
provide for the periodical or other examination of motor vehicles and the issue of evidence of vehicle inspection and certificates of loading:
(ea)
provide for the periodical or other examination of traction engines and the issue of a certificate of compliance for boilers and other pressure vessels:
(f)
subject to Part 17,—
(i)
specify when vehicles are to be registered, deregistered, or re-registered:
(ii)
set out procedures to verify compliance with standards and requirements of the regulations and the rules:
(iii)
provide for the recording and making available of information about vehicles (including their systems, components, devices, fittings, and equipment):
(g)
prescribe requirements for the provision of information and data related to vehicles in terms of their fuel or energy consumption, efficiency, or carbon dioxide emissions:
(h)
prescribe formulas or methodologies for the purposes of determining the fuel or energy consumption, efficiency, or carbon dioxide emissions of a vehicle, including to estimate a value where information or data is incomplete or a test cycle other than the approved test cycle (within the meaning of section 172(1)) has been used:
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 5(d), (e)
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade considers that the secondary legislation may have international transparency obligations under the CPTPP. As a result the maker may also have to comply with s 75 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 74(2), 75 | |||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 155(1)(ea): inserted, on 16 January 2006, by section 75 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 155(1)(f): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 155(1)(g): inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 155(1)(h): inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 155(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
156 Rules concerning dangerous goods
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may set out requirements and provisions concerning the packing, loading, consignment, and carriage of dangerous goods within the land transport system.
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 156(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
157 Rules concerning roads
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may—
(a)
regulate the use of roads, and empower road controlling authorities to control, restrict, and prohibit traffic, and to close roads in specified circumstances or on specified occasions, in accordance with the rules:
(b)
set out standards, specifications, or codes of practice for the design, construction, alteration, or maintenance of roads and related property:
(c)
provide for the classification of roads according to their suitability for use by different classes of motor vehicles:
(d)
set, or provide for the setting of, speed limits (including maximum, minimum, variable, and temporary speed limits) for roads throughout New Zealand or in a particular locality, which speed limits may vary according to vehicle classes, types of roads, locality, and time of year:
(e)
empower or require road controlling authorities to set speed limits referred to in paragraph (d) for roads within their jurisdiction, and—
(i)
set out criteria, requirements, and procedures to be complied with by road controlling authorities when setting speed limits:
(ii)
authorise the Agency or the Director to change, or modify the application of, a speed limit that does not comply with the prescribed criteria, requirements, or procedures:
(f)
provide that a road controlling authority may declare any of its roads or part of any such road to be a construction zone; prescribe the signs to be erected in a construction zone; and provide for the exemption from specified provisions of the rules of specified classes of motor vehicles while used within a construction zone:
(g)
provide for the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of traffic control devices:
(h)
regulate or prohibit the use of reflective material on signs, hoardings, and similar structures that may pose a traffic hazard on any road.
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 157(1)(e): amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 113 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 157(1)(e)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 8 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 157(1)(e)(ii): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 157(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
158 Rules concerning licensing, standard-setting, etc
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may—
(a)
provide for the identification, classification, registration, licensing, inspection, and audit of all or any of the following:
(i)
vehicles:
(ia)
vehicle importers (as defined in section 172(1)):
(ii)
road users:
(iii)
transport service operators:
(iv)
transport services:
(v)
land transport education, training, testing, and licensing organisations:
(vi)
vehicle inspectors and inspecting organisations:
(vii)
vehicle design and construction organisations:
(viii)
road controlling authorities:
(ix)
any other person who provides services in the land transport system (other than the rail transport system), and any vehicles, land transport related services, facilities, and equipment operated in support of the land transport system (other than the rail transport system), or classes of such persons, vehicles, land transport related services, facilities, and equipment operated in support of the land transport system (other than the rail transport system):
(b)
provide for the setting of standards, specifications, restrictions, registration, and licensing requirements for all or any of those persons or things specified in paragraph (a), including provisions that—
(i)
specify conditions, privileges, and limitations associated with licences or other forms of approval:
(ii)
set standards for training systems and techniques, including recurrent training requirements:
(iii)
set medical standards for personnel:
(iv)
specify the information to be given by persons applying for licences and other authorities issued under or for the purposes of the rules, and specify the persons by and to whom the information must be given:
(v)
set out the requirements of systems and procedures to be used in the exercise of a power given to a person under a rule:
(vi)
set out the responsibilities and required behaviour of transport service operators, including—
(A)
the permissible driving hours of persons driving transport service vehicles, including the work time and rest time to be observed by drivers; and
(B)
the obligations and restrictions in respect of signs on vehicles; and
(C)
requirements relating to fares, complaints procedures, and the recording of complaints; and
(D)
the maintenance of a register of tows and hires; and
(E)
the obligations of rental service operators; and
(F)
requirements concerning logbooks; and
(G)
requirements of a safety management system where required for the issue of land transport documents:
(vii)
set out the categories of performance for transport service operators; and
(viia)
specify the publication requirements for the performance levels for the categories of performance; and
(viib)
provide the means for assessing and re-assessing levels of performance; and
(viic)
provide incentives and rewards for transport service operators that meet specified levels of performance:
(viii)
empower the Agency or the Director to approve tests, courses, and course providers for the purpose of issuing certificates of knowledge of law and practice or other certificates:
(ix)
specify the circumstances in which the Agency or the Director can require an applicant for, or the holder of, a certificate of knowledge of law and practice or other certificates to undergo such tests, including (but not limited to) a second or subsequent test:
(x)
specify the drivers involved in transport services that must display or wear a photographic identification card and the details of such a card:
(xi)
[Repealed](xii)
provide for the notification of vehicles used in a transport service:
(xiii)
provide for the issue of certificates of responsibility where a person other than the owner operates a vehicle in a transport service under licence:
(xiv)
provide for the display of identification on goods service vehicles, vehicle recovery service vehicles, and large passenger service vehicles:
(xv)
provide for registers of complaints and prescribing the matters to be entered in such registers and the manner in which they are to be entered and maintained, and the manner in which they are to be made available for inspection:
(xvi)
provide for the giving by any person in relation to any transport service carried on by the person of information relating to that service and prescribing the nature of the information and the form, manner, and time in or at which it is to be given:
(xvii)
specify requirements for a small passenger service including signs, notices, fares, equipment, identification, driver duties and conduct, availability, complaint management, record keeping, and vehicle condition:
(xviii)
specify requirements for a vehicle recovery service including identification, driver duties and conduct, operator duties, complaints management, record keeping, and towing restrictions and authorisations:
(xix)
specify requirements for a rental service including a register of vehicles and hirers, details to be included in a rental service agreement, insurance requirements, the ability of rental service licence holders to charge hirers for fees incurred from owner-liability offences, and any requirements that rental service operators must comply with when charging for owner-liability offence fees:
(xx)
provide for the approval of qualifications and specify conditions for the safe use of traction engines:
(c)
provide for the appointment or approval of persons or organisations who are to carry out inspections, tests, certify things, issue licences or other documents, and provide other services under this Act:
(d)
set out the procedure for appeals under this Act to the District Court or apply (with such modifications as may be specified in the rules) a procedure for appeals to the District Court under any other enactment.
(2)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 6
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade considers that the secondary legislation may have international transparency obligations under the CPTPP. As a result the maker may also have to comply with s 75 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 74(2), 75 | |||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 158(1)(a)(ia): inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 158(1)(a)(ix): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 158(1)(b)(vi)(A): amended, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(vi)(C): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 87(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 158(1)(b)(vii): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 82 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 158(1)(b)(vii): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 87(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 158(1)(b)(viia): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 82 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 158(1)(b)(viib): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 82 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 158(1)(b)(viic): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 82 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 158(1)(b)(viic): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 87(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 158(1)(b)(viii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(viii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 114 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 158(1)(b)(viii): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 87(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 158(1)(b)(viii): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 158(1)(b)(ix): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(ix): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 114 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 158(1)(b)(ix): amended, on 1 October 2017, by section 87(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 158(1)(b)(ix): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 158(1)(b)(x): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xi): repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 87(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 158(1)(b)(xii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xiii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xiv): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xv): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xvi): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xvii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xviii): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xix): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(b)(xx): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 76(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 158(1)(d): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Section 158(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
159 Rules concerning land transport documents
(1)
Without limiting the general power to make rules under section 152, ordinary rules may require that a land transport document be held by or in respect of all or any of the following:
(a)
vehicles:
(aa)
vehicle importers (as defined in section 172(1)):
(b)
road users:
(c)
transport service operators:
(d)
transport services:
(e)
land transport education, training, testing, and licensing organisations:
(f)
vehicle inspectors and inspecting organisations:
(g)
vehicle design and construction organisations:
(h)
road controlling authorities:
(i)
any other person who provides services in the land transport system (other than the rail transport system), and any vehicles, land transport related services, facilities, and equipment operated in support of the land transport system (other than the rail transport system), or classes of such persons, vehicles, land transport related services, facilities, and equipment operated in support of the land transport system (other than the rail transport system).
(2)
The rules may set out the requirements, standards, and application procedure for each land transport document, and the maximum period for which each document may be issued or recognised (as the case may be).
(3)
The rules may require a person who applies for or holds a land transport document that is required for the provision of a service that involves contact with the public (such as driving instruction or driver testing) to satisfy the Director that the person is a fit and proper person to hold that document, and—
(a)
specify which of the criteria set out in subpart 2 of Part 4A are to be applied in determining whether a person is a fit and proper person:
(b)
set out different fit and proper person assessments for different classes of land transport documents, applicants, or holders.
(4)
The rules may provide for the issue, endorsement, alteration, replacement, renewal, surrender, expiry, suspension, and revocation of land transport documents.
(5)
Subject to the rules, a land transport document may be issued or a document may be recognised as a land transport document, as the case may be, by the Director for such period and subject to such conditions as the Director considers appropriate in each particular case.
(6)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1994 No 104 s 34
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade considers that the secondary legislation may have international transparency obligations under the CPTPP. As a result the maker may also have to comply with s 75 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 74(2), 75 | |||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 159(1)(aa): inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 159(1)(i): amended, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 159(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 115(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 159(3)(a): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 77 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 159(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 115(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 159(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
159A Ordinary rule may require committee to be established
(1)
An ordinary rule may require the Agency to establish a committee that has 1 or more purposes associated with speed management, including—
(a)
reviewing a state highway speed management plan provided for in a rule:
(b)
reviewing guidance or information on speed management prepared by the Agency.
(2)
The rule must set out—
(a)
the purpose for which the committee is to be established; and
(b)
the committee’s functions, powers, and duties; and
(c)
which of the following persons is authorised to appoint members of the committee (and the term for which they are appointed):
(i)
the Minister:
(ii)
the Agency:
(iia)
the Director:
(iii)
the Secretary:
(iv)
any combination of the persons listed in subparagraphs (i) to (iii).
(3)
The rule may set out—
(a)
the date on which the committee is to be dissolved or a process by which that date is determined:
(b)
any other matter relating to establishing and operating the committee.
(4)
Section 96B of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 applies when the relevant person referred to in subsection (2)(c) of this section is considering appointing a member of a committee established by a rule under this section.
(5)
Section 96C of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 applies to any committee established by a rule under this section.
(6)
Ordinary rules under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) Rule 1999 and Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and amendments to them | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 67(d)(iii), 69(1)(c), Sch 1 cl 23 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for all other secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette with a statement of where it is available for inspection and purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge and for purchase at a reasonable price | ||||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 159A: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 116 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 159A(2)(c)(iia): inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 175(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 159A(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
160 Other provisions concerning ordinary rules
(1)
An ordinary rule may apply generally or to different classes of person, vehicle, or land transport related service, or to the same class of person, vehicle, or land transport related service in different circumstances.
(2)
An ordinary rule may apply generally throughout New Zealand or within a specified part or parts of New Zealand.
(3)
The commencement of an ordinary rule may be wholly suspended until it is applied by the Minister, by notice (see subsection (9)).
(4)
An ordinary rule may—
(a)
require or provide for a matter to be determined, undertaken, or approved by the Agency, the Director, or any other person:
(aa)
empower the Agency, the Director, or any other person to impose requirements or conditions as to the performance of activities:
(b)
specify standards, procedures, and requirements for the purposes of the rules:
(c)
impose conditions, restrictions, and prohibitions:
(d)
specify the definitions, abbreviations, and units of measurement to apply within the land transport system:
(e)
prescribe, or provide for the approval of, forms, documents, and records for the purposes of the rules:
(f)
make transitional and savings provisions for the purposes of implementing any rule; and for the purposes of determining the expiry date of licences under section 23(4).
(5)
An ordinary rule may incorporate or apply, with any necessary modifications, a regulation or order or notice made or given under the Transport Act 1962 or Part 2 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 or Part 17.
(6)
[Repealed](7)
If a bylaw of a local authority is inconsistent with or repugnant to any ordinary rules in force in the same locality, the rules override the bylaws.
(8)
Despite clause 5 of Schedule 6 of the Public Service Act 2020, the Minister may not delegate his or her power to make ordinary rules under this Act.
(9)
A notice under subsection (3) is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 4
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| Presentation | It is not required to be presented to the House of Representatives because a transitional exemption applies under Schedule 1 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 160(3): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 160(4)(a): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 117 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 160(4)(aa): inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 117 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 160(5): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 160(6): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 160(8): amended, on 7 August 2020, by section 135 of the Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40).
Section 160(9): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
161 Procedure concerning ordinary rules
(1)
Every ordinary rule must—
(a)
be signed by the Minister; and
(b)
contain a statement specifying the objective of the rule and the extent of any consultation under subsection (2); and
(c)
set out fully the requirements of the rule, except where certain information is incorporated in the rule by reference under section 165.
(2)
Before making an ordinary rule, the Minister must—
(a)
publish a notice of his or her intention to make the rule; and
(b)
give interested persons a reasonable time, which must be specified in the notice published under paragraph (a), to make submissions on the proposal; and
(c)
consult with such persons, representative groups within the land transport system or elsewhere, government departments, and Crown entities as the Minister in each case considers appropriate.
(3)
[Repealed](4)
[Repealed]Compare: 1993 No 88 ss 8, 10
Section 161(2)(a): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 83(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 161(3): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 161(4): repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 83(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Emergency rules
162 Agency may make emergency rules
(1)
The Agency may from time to time, in accordance with section 163, make such emergency rules as may be necessary to alleviate or minimise any risk of the death of or a serious injury to a person, or of damage to property.
(2)
The Agency may not make emergency rules unless it is impracticable in the circumstances of the particular case for the Minister to make ordinary rules, or recommend that ordinary rules be made, to effectively alleviate or minimise the risk concerned.
(3)
The Minister may revoke any emergency rule made under subsection (1).
(4)
The following are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements):
(a)
emergency rules under subsection (1):
(b)
a revocation under subsection (3).
(5)
If, for reasons of safety, it is impracticable or inappropriate to publish immediately an emergency rule or revocation under that Act, the Agency must serve a copy of it on the persons (if any) whom the Agency considers appropriate.
(6)
An emergency rule or revocation to which subsection (5) applies—
(a)
has effect only in relation to a person on whom it is served under subsection (5); and
(b)
comes into force in relation to that person immediately after it is served on the person (even if it is not yet published).
(7)
Service under subsection (5) may be effected in any way the Agency considers appropriate.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 7
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette and specify a place where it is available for inspection free of charge and for purchase | ||||
| • make it available for inspection free of charge | ||||
| • make it available for purchase by members of the public at a reasonable price | ||||
| However, that requirement does not apply if, for reasons of safety, it is impracticable or inappropriate to comply with that requirement. In that case, subsections (5) to (7) apply | ||||
| The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade considers that the secondary legislation may have international transparency obligations under the CPTPP. As a result the maker may also have to comply with s 75 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 74(2), 75 | |||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 162 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 162(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 162(2): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 84 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 162(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 162(3): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 162(4): replaced, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 162(5): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 162(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 162(7): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
163 Procedure for making emergency rules
(1)
Before making an emergency rule, the Agency must consult with such persons, representative groups within the land transport system or elsewhere, government departments, and Crown entities as the Agency in each case considers appropriate.
(2)
[Repealed](3)
[Repealed](4)
[Repealed](5)
An emergency rule may be in force for a period not exceeding 90 days, and may be renewed once only for a further period not exceeding 90 days.
(6)
So far as any emergency rule is inconsistent with or repugnant to any ordinary rule made under this Act, the emergency rule prevails.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 11
Section 163(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 163(2): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 163(3): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 163(4): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
General provisions concerning making of rules
164 Matters to have regard to when making or recommending rules
(1)
[Repealed](2)
The Minister in making or recommending a rule, or the Agency in making a rule, must have regard to, and give such weight as the Minister or the Agency (as the case may be) considers appropriate in each case to, the following:
(a)
the level of risk existing to land transport safety in each proposed activity or service:
(b)
the nature of the particular activity or service for which the rule is being established:
(c)
the level of risk existing to land transport safety in New Zealand in general:
(d)
the need to maintain and improve land transport safety and security, including (but not limited to) personal security:
(da)
the appropriate management of infrastructure, including (but not limited to)—
(i)
the impact of vehicles on infrastructure; and
(ii)
whether the costs of the use of the infrastructure are greater than the economic value generated by its use:
(e)
whether the proposed rule—
(i)
assists economic development:
(ii)
improves access and mobility:
(iii)
protects and promotes public health:
(iv)
ensures environmental sustainability:
(ea)
the costs of implementing measures for which the rule is being proposed:
(eb)
New Zealand’s international obligations concerning land transport safety:
(f)
the international circumstances in respect of land transport safety:
(g)
such other matters as the Minister (in the case of ordinary rules) or the Agency (in the case of emergency rules) considers appropriate in the circumstances.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 9
Section 164 heading: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 85(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 164(1): repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 85(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 164(2): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 85(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 164(2)(d): substituted, on 1 December 2004, by section 5 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 164(2)(da): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 58 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 164(2)(e): substituted, on 1 December 2004, by section 5 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 164(2)(ea): inserted, on 1 December 2004, by section 5 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Section 164(2)(eb): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 85(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 164(2)(g): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
165 Incorporation by reference
(1)
The following, whether in written or electronic form, may be incorporated by reference in a rule made by the Minister, the Governor-General, or the Agency:
(a)
standards, requirements, or recommended practices of another State or an international organisation:
(b)
standards, requirements, or rules of the NZ Standards Organisation, or a body or organisation outside New Zealand that has functions corresponding to the functions of the NZ Standards Organisation:
(c)
material formulated by a specialist public sector organisation or a specialist private sector organisation:
(d)
any other material or document that, in the opinion of the Minister or the Agency (as the case may be), is too large or impractical to be printed as part of the rule.
(2)
Material may be incorporated by reference in a rule—
(a)
in whole or in part; and
(b)
with modifications, additions, or variations specified in the rule.
(3)
A copy of any material incorporated by reference in rules, including any amendment to, or replacement of, the material, must be—
(a)
certified as a correct copy of the material by the Minister or the Agency (as the case may be); and
(b)
retained by the Agency.
(4)
Any material incorporated in a rule by reference under subsection (1) is to be treated for all purposes as forming part of the rule; and, unless otherwise provided in the rules, every amendment to any material incorporated by reference under subsection (1) that is made by the person or organisation originating the material is, subject to subsections (5) and (6), to be treated as being a part of the rule.
(5)
The Agency must give notice on the Agency’s Internet site stating—
(a)
that the material is incorporated in the rule and the date on which the rule was made; and
(b)
that the material is available for inspection during working hours, free of charge; and
(c)
the place where the material can be inspected; and
(d)
that copies of the material can be purchased; and
(e)
the place where the material can be purchased; and
(f)
if copies of the material are available in other ways, the details of where or how the material can be accessed or obtained.
(6)
All material incorporated by reference under subsection (1) or (2) must be made available at the Agency for inspection by the public free of charge.
(7)
Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 does not apply to material incorporated by reference in a rule, or to an amendment to, or a replacement of, that material.
(8)
Nothing in section 114 of the Legislation Act 2019 requires material that is incorporated by reference in a rule to be presented to the House of Representatives.
(8)
[Repealed](9)
Subsections (1) to (8) do not affect the application of sections 29 to 32 of the Standards and Accreditation Act 2015.
Compare: 1990 No 98 s 36
Section 165: substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 86 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 165(1)(b): amended, on 1 March 2016, by section 45(1) of the Standards and Accreditation Act 2015 (2015 No 91).
Section 165(1)(d): amended, on 17 December 2016, by section 62 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 104).
Section 165(7): replaced, on 29 October 2019, by section 4 of the Legislation (Repeals and Amendments) Act 2019 (2019 No 59).
Section 165(7): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 165(8): inserted, on 29 October 2019, by section 4 of the Legislation (Repeals and Amendments) Act 2019 (2019 No 59).
Section 165(8): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 165(8): repealed, on 5 August 2013, by section 77(3) of the Legislation Act 2012 (2012 No 119).
Section 165(9): amended, on 1 March 2016, by section 45(1) of the Standards and Accreditation Act 2015 (2015 No 91).
166 Agency may grant exemptions
[Repealed]Section 166: repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 9 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
166A Agency may grant exemptions to New Zealand Defence Force
[Repealed]Section 166A: repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 9 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Regulations
167 Regulations
(1)
The Governor-General may from time to time, by Order in Council, make regulations for all or any of the following purposes:
(a)
specifying those breaches of the rules that constitute offences against this Act:
(b)
specifying infringement offences for the purposes of this Act:
(c)
setting out defences to offences referred to in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b):
(d)
setting the maximum penalty for each offence prescribed under paragraph (a), which,—
(i)
in the case of an individual, may be a fine not exceeding $10,000; or
(ii)
in the case of a body corporate, may be a fine not exceeding $50,000:
(e)
setting the infringement fee for each offence prescribed under paragraph (b), which,—
(i)
in the case of an individual, may not exceed $2,000; or
(ii)
in the case of a body corporate, may not exceed $10,000; or
(iii)
[Repealed](iv)
in the case of an overloading or over-dimension offence, may not exceed $15,000:
(f)
setting the penalty for each overloading or over-dimension infringement offence against section 43:
(fa)
setting the infringement fee for a toll offence:
(g)
setting the number of demerit points to be recorded in relation to offences against this Act or any regulations (which offences are in connection with the driving of a motor vehicle), including regulations—
(i)
providing for a greater number of demerit points to be recorded in respect of a second or subsequent conviction for an offence:
(ii)
setting a graduated scale of demerit points for speeding offences:
(h)
creating offences against any regulations made under this Act; and setting the maximum penalty for each offence, which,—
(i)
in the case of an individual, may not exceed $10,000; or
(ii)
in the case of a body corporate, may not exceed $50,000:
(i)
declaring which offences against any secondary legislation (including bylaws) under this Act or the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 are—
(i)
moving vehicle offences:
(ii)
stationary vehicle offences:
(iii)
special vehicle lane offences:
(ia)
specifying the criteria that—
(i)
a person must meet to install or remove an alcohol interlock device:
(ii)
a person with an alcohol interlock licence must meet to apply for the removal of an alcohol interlock device from the person’s vehicle:
(ib)
specifying the circumstances in which the Director may authorise the removal of an alcohol interlock device, whether or not the relevant person has met any criteria specified under paragraph (ia)(ii):
(j)
specifying the matters for which fees or charges are to be paid under this Act or any other land transport Act:
(k)
providing for the collection of land transport related fees and charges:
(l)
prescribing forms for the purposes of this Act:
(la)
prescribing the procedure for taking—
(i)
an elective oral fluid sample, for the purposes of section 71DC(2)(b); and
(ii)
an oral fluid sample, for the purposes of section 71DE(2)(b):
(lb)
prescribing, for the purposes of sections 71AAB and 71DG(2)(c) and (3), the procedure for handling, retaining, transferring, or disposing of an oral fluid sample:
(m)
specifying the conditions, requirements, and other provisions that must be included in arrangements the Commissioner or an authorised officer may enter into for the purposes of section 97 with vehicle recovery service operators or storage providers, including provisions specifying or providing for—
(i)
the investigations that may be carried out by the Commissioner or an authorised officer for the purposes of the arrangement:
(ii)
the qualifications or standards that must be met by employees of the operator or provider who are likely in the course of their duties to have contact with members of the public or access to impounded vehicles:
(iii)
the vetting of prospective employees of the operator or provider:
(iv)
measures to ensure the security of impounded vehicles and personal property carried in or on them:
(v)
the hours during which the Police and members of the public are to have access to the premises:
(vi)
the arrangements for the payment of fees and charges in respect of impounded vehicles:
(ma)
(mb)
(mba)
specifying for the purpose of section 168D(2)(b) those requirements of the regulations to which sections 168D and 168E apply:
(mc)
specifying that a substance, preparation, mixture, or article is not a qualifying drug for the purposes of this Act:
(md)
prescribing, for the purpose of section 98D(2)(a), the maximum amount that may be charged by an operator:
(me)
prescribing criteria for the purpose of considering whether an operator has complied with section 98D(3):
(mf)
providing for any matter necessary to establish, maintain, and operate the register of land transport records established by section 200E:
(mg)
specifying any stationary vehicle offence for which a parking warden appointed by an airport operator is not permitted to issue an infringement notice:
(n)
providing for such other matters as are contemplated by or necessary for giving full effect to the provisions of this Act and for its due administration.
(2)
The maximum number of demerit points that may be set by regulations made under subsection (1) in respect of any offence—
(aaa)
is 75 demerit points in the case of an offence against section 57B(2) or (3) or 57C(2), (3), or (4):
(a)
is 60 demerit points in the case of—
(i)
an offence against any of sections 35(1), 36(1), 38(1), and 39(1) (which relate to reckless or dangerous driving, careless or inconsiderate driving causing injury or death, and failing to stop after an accident):
(ii)
an offence against any of sections 56, 57, 57A, 58(1), 60(1), 61(1), 61(2), 62(1), and 62(1B) (which relate to offences involving alcohol or drugs):
(iii)
an offence against section 33(1) (which relates to applying for or obtaining a driver licence while disqualified from doing so):
(iv)
a first or second offence against section 32(1) (which relates to offences involving driving while disqualified or contrary to a limited licence or contrary to an alcohol interlock licence or a zero alcohol licence or while a licence is suspended or revoked) where the court does not order that the defendant be disqualified:
(b)
is 50 demerit points in the case of any other offence.
(3)
Regulations under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
(4)
Regulations that identify fees or charges as land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 must be confirmed by an Act (see subpart 3 of Part 5 of the Legislation Act 2019).
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 77, 199; 1993 No 88 s 33
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 167(1)(e)(iii): repealed, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 167(1)(e)(iv): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 78(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 167(1)(e)(iv): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 60(1)(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 167(1)(e)(iv): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 60(1)(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 167(1)(f): amended, on 11 August 2017, by section 60(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 167(1)(fa): inserted, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 167(1)(i): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 87(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 167(1)(i): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 167(1)(ia): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 87(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 167(1)(ib): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 87(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 167(1)(ib): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 118(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 167(1)(j): amended, on 1 September 2020, by section 118(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 167(1)(la): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 37 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 167(1)(lb): inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 37 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 167(1)(ma): inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 78(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 167(1)(mb): inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 78(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 167(1)(mba): inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 10 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 167(1)(mc): inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 25 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 167(1)(mc): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 34 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 167(1)(md): inserted, on 2 January 2020, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
Section 167(1)(me): inserted, on 2 January 2020, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70).
Section 167(1)(mf): inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 118(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 167(1)(mg): inserted, on 5 April 2025, by section 486 of the Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10).
Section 167(2)(aaa): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 36 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 167(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 167(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 167(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 November 2009, by section 39(2) of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 167(2)(a)(iv): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 87(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 167(3): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 167(4): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
167AAA Setting or amending high-risk and tolerance blood concentration levels for drug-driving offences
(1)
The Governor-General may, by Order in Council, in accordance with a recommendation of the Minister and the Minister of Police, amend Schedule 5 by doing any 1 or more of the following:
(a)
adding the name of a qualifying drug to Part 1 of Schedule 5 and specifying a high-risk level for the drug:
(b)
adding the name of a qualifying drug to Part 2 of Schedule 5 and specifying a tolerance level for the drug:
(c)
amending any high-risk level or tolerance level specified in Schedule 5 for a qualifying drug.
(2)
A high-risk level for a qualifying drug—
(a)
may be specified only if a tolerance level is specified for the drug; and
(b)
may be the same as the tolerance level for the drug.
(3)
Before making a recommendation under subsection (1), the Ministers must, in respect of each qualifying drug referred to in the proposed order,—
(a)
seek and consider independent advice from independent experts appointed under section 167AAB on—
(i)
the specific effects of each drug referred to in the proposed order; and
(ii)
the appropriate high-risk level for each drug referred to in any proposed amendment to Part 1 of Schedule 5; and
(iii)
the appropriate tolerance level for each drug referred to in any proposed amendment to Part 2 of Schedule 5; and
(b)
publish a notice in the Gazette and any other media the Ministers consider appropriate of their intention to recommend the making of the Order in Council; and
(c)
give interested persons a reasonable time, which must be specified in the notice published under paragraph (b), to make submissions on the proposed order; and
(d)
consult the persons, representative groups, government departments, and Crown entities that the Ministers consider reasonable and appropriate to consult in the circumstances.
(4)
The Minister may seek and consider independent advice from independent experts appointed under section 167AAB on any other matter the Minister considers appropriate before making a recommendation under subsection (1).
(5)
The Governor-General may, by Order in Council, amend the name or description of any qualifying drug named or described in Schedule 5, if the amendment is necessary for the purpose of rendering that name or description consistent with the name or description of the qualifying drug in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975.
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 167AAA: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 37 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
167AAB Ministers may appoint independent experts for purposes of section 167AAA
(1)
The Minister of Transport, the Minister of Police, and the Science Minister (the Ministers) may from time to time appoint 1 or more independent experts to advise the Ministers on matters relating to setting and amending high-risk blood concentration levels and tolerance blood concentration levels for qualifying drugs under section 167AAA.
(2)
The independent experts appointed under subsection (1) must together have appropriate expertise in relevant medical and scientific fields, including pharmacology and toxicology.
(3)
The function of the independent experts is—
(a)
to carry out medical and scientific evaluations of qualifying drugs; and
(b)
to advise the Ministers on—
(i)
the specific effects of qualifying drugs, including the pharmacological, psychoactive, and toxicological effects; and
(ii)
the appropriate high-risk levels and tolerance levels for qualifying drugs in accordance with subsections (4) and (5).
(4)
In advising the Ministers on the appropriate high-risk level for a qualifying drug, the independent experts must take into account—
(a)
the specific effects of the qualifying drug and the medical and scientific evaluations of the drug carried out under subsection (3)(a); and
(b)
that the high-risk level specified for a qualifying drug should, as far as practicable, be a blood concentration level that, to the best of the independent experts’ knowledge, is likely to impair a person’s driving; and
(c)
the high-risk levels specified, at the time of advising the Ministers, in Part 1 of Schedule 5 for other listed qualifying drugs and, in particular (where possible), for drugs with similar effects.
(5)
In advising the Ministers on the appropriate tolerance level for a qualifying drug, the independent experts must take into account—
(a)
the specific effects of the qualifying drug and the medical and scientific evaluations of the drug carried out under subsection (3)(a); and
(b)
that the tolerance level specified for a qualifying drug should, as far as practicable, be a blood concentration level that, to the best of the independent experts’ knowledge,—
(i)
is likely to indicate that a person has recently used the drug; and
(ii)
is unlikely to be exceeded if the person has such a low level of the drug in their blood (whether due to passive exposure or otherwise) that their driving is unlikely to be impaired; and
(c)
for a qualifying drug that is a prescription medicine, the maximum dose of the prescription medicine that is generally prescribed; and
(d)
the tolerance levels specified, at the time of advising the Ministers, in Part 2 of Schedule 5 for other listed qualifying drugs and, in particular (where possible), for drugs with similar effects.
Section 167AAB: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 37 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
167A Regulations imposing fees and charges for purposes of clean vehicle discount scheme
[Repealed]Section 167A: repealed, on 1 January 2024, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
167B Regulations setting fees and charges for purpose of Part 13 (clean vehicle standard) requirements to import vehicles with zero carbon dioxide emissions
(1)
Without limiting the generality of section 167(1)(j), regulations for the purpose set out in section 170 may be made under section 167(1)(j) setting fees and charges payable by vehicle importers for not including, among the vehicles they imported in any given year, the minimum proportion of vehicles with zero carbon dioxide emissions required under regulations made under section 167C(1)(k).
(2)
Subsection (1) is subject to subsection (6).
(3)
Different rates of fees or charges, or both, may be prescribed or fixed in respect of different classes of vehicles or on any other differential basis.
(4)
Regulations made under section 167(1)(j) for the purpose specified in subsection (1) may—
(a)
do any of the things specified in section 168(4)(a), (aa), (ab), and (d) to (h):
(b)
prescribe any vehicle or class of vehicle as excluded from the definition of light vehicle for the purposes of the regulations:
(c)
apply, with any necessary modifications, provisions of this Act concerning the manner in which carbon dioxide emissions of vehicles must be determined for the purposes of the regulations:
(d)
prescribe, for the purposes of applying section 174 in the regulations, how the carbon dioxide emissions of an imported vehicle must be determined, which may be in accordance with a land transport rule:
(e)
provide for unpaid fees or charges to be recoverable as a debt due to the Crown.
(5)
Before recommending the making of regulations, the Minister must consult such persons as the Minister considers appropriate.
(6)
The Minister must not recommend the making of regulations unless the Minister is satisfied—
(a)
that the fees and charges are appropriate to increase the supply and availability of vehicles with zero carbon dioxide emissions; and
(b)
that the imposition and level of charges and fees are appropriate after considering international and domestic climate change ambitions and commitments.
167BA Regulations relating to cost recovery for administering Part 13 (clean vehicle standard)
(1)
Regulations may be made under section 167(1)(j) for the purpose of prescribing, or providing for the fixing of, fees and charges payable by a person specified in subsection (2) to meet, or assist in meeting, the costs and expenses incurred by the Agency in exercising functions or powers, performing duties, or providing services under—
(a)
Part 13; or
(b)
regulations relating to Part 13 made under section 167 or 167C.
(2)
The persons are—
(a)
a vehicle importer; and
(b)
an applicant for registration of a Type A vehicle or a Type B vehicle under Part 17 if the vehicle has not previously been registered.
(3)
Different rates of fees or charges, or both, may be prescribed or fixed in respect of different classes of vehicles or on any other differential basis.
(4)
Regulations made under section 167(1)(j) for the purpose specified in subsection (1) may—
(a)
do any of the things specified in section 168(4)(aa), (ab), (d), (e), and (f):
(b)
specify the persons to whom any fees or charges, or both, are payable:
(c)
provide for unpaid fees or charges to be recoverable as a debt due to the Crown.
(5)
The Director may, at any time, reduce or waive a penalty for late payment if the Director considers that it is just to do so.
(6)
This section does not limit the generality of section 167(1)(j).
(7)
In this section and section 167BB, Type A vehicle, Type B vehicle, and vehicle importer have the meanings given in section 172(1).
Section 167BA: inserted, on 1 July 2025, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 26).
167BB Regulations relating to power of Registrar and Director if fee or charge unpaid
(1)
The Governor-General may, by Order in Council, make regulations authorising the Registrar or the Director to decline to process a person’s registration application until the person has paid a specified fee or charge for which they are liable under regulations made in accordance with section 167BA (regulations relating to cost recovery for administering Part 13 (clean vehicle standard)).
(2)
In this section,—
Registrar has the meaning given in section 233(1)
registration application means an application for registration under Part 17 of a Type A vehicle or a Type B vehicle that has not previously been registered.
(3)
Regulations made under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 167BB: inserted, on 1 July 2025, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 26).
167C Regulations for purposes of Part 13 (clean vehicle standard)
(1)
The Governor-General may, by Order in Council, make regulations for all or any of the following purposes:
(a)
declaring, for the purposes of the definition of excluded vehicle in section 172, excluded vehicles for the purposes of Part 13:
(b)
declaring, for the purposes of the definition of Type A vehicle in section 172, a vehicle to be a Type A vehicle for the purposes of Part 13:
(c)
declaring, for the purposes of the definition of Type B vehicle in section 172, a vehicle to be a Type B vehicle for the purposes of Part 13:
(d)
prescribing the process for approving a person as a category 1 light vehicle importer:
(e)
prescribing criteria for the approval of a person as a category 1 light vehicle importer:
(f)
prescribing the process for suspending or revoking the approval of a person as a category 1 light vehicle importer:
(g)
prescribing criteria for suspending or revoking the approval of a person as a category 1 light vehicle importer:
(h)
prescribing provisions that apply to a person whose approval as a category 1 light vehicle importer is suspended or revoked, for the purpose of transitioning from the law applicable to the person under this Part immediately before the suspension or revocation to the law that applies or has effect immediately after:
(i)
prescribing, for the purposes of section 174, how the carbon dioxide emissions of an imported vehicle must be determined, which may be in accordance with a land transport rule:
(j)
prescribing targets for the level of carbon dioxide emissions from light vehicles imported annually, and matters relating to those targets, including—
(i)
separate targets for different classes of imported vehicles; and
(ii)
[Repealed](iii)
formulas for calculating targets; and
(iv)
targets in respect of any calendar year after 2024, beginning on 1 January of the relevant calendar year:
(k)
requiring vehicle importers to include, among the vehicles they import in any given year, a minimum proportion of vehicles with zero carbon dioxide emissions:
(l)
prescribing procedures and requirements for the purposes of banking and transferring carbon dioxide credits:
(m)
prescribing procedures and requirements for deferring an obligation to meet carbon dioxide emissions targets:
(n)
providing for the refund or waiver, or enabling the refund or waiver, of charges imposed under section 177 or 182:
(o)
providing for unpaid charges under section 177 or 182 to be recoverable as a debt due to the Crown:
(p)
prescribing information to be contained in carbon dioxide accounts:
(q)
prescribing the manner in which carbon dioxide accounts must be operated:
(r)
prescribing, for the purposes of section 186, requirements in respect of the allocation of account numbers for carbon dioxide accounts:
(s)
prescribing, for the purposes of section 188(2), the manner in which a person may apply for information contained in the record of carbon dioxide accounts:
(t)
prescribing, for the purposes of section 188(3), requirements for the keeping and operation of the record of carbon dioxide accounts:
(u)
prescribing, for the purposes of section 194(1), data and information to be collected:
(v)
prescribing, for the purposes of any provision of Part 13 that requires a thing to be done in a prescribed manner, or for the purposes of any provision in this section that empowers regulations to prescribe the manner in which something must be done, the manner in which the thing must be done, including prescribing—
(i)
by whom, when, where, and how the thing must be done:
(ii)
the form that must be used in connection with the thing:
(iii)
requirements with which evidence or documents that are provided in connection with the thing must comply:
(iv)
that fees and charges must be paid in connection with doing the thing:
(w)
providing for any other matter contemplated by Part 13, necessary for its administration, or necessary for giving it full effect.
(2)
Subsection (1)(j)(iv) is subject to subsection (3).
(3)
Regulations may be made under subsection (1)(j)(iv) only on the recommendation of the Minister, and the Minister must, before making a recommendation,—
(a)
consult such persons as the Minister considers appropriate; and
(b)
take into account—
(i)
the expected reduction in vehicle carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the targets; and
(ii)
the expected impact of the targets on vehicle safety, affordability, and availability; and
(c)
be satisfied—
(i)
that the targets are set at an appropriate level to increase the supply of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the market; and
(ii)
that the targets are consistent with transport-specific policies and strategies set out in the emissions reduction plan made under section 5ZG of the Climate Change Response Act 2002 for meeting the emissions budget set under that Act.
(4)
Nothing in this section limits section 167 or 168.
(5)
Regulations made under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 167C: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 167C(1)(j)(ii): repealed, on 1 January 2026, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Section 167C(1)(j)(iii): replaced, on 1 January 2026, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Section 167C(1)(j)(iv): amended, on 1 July 2024, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 26).
Section 167C(1)(n): amended, on 26 November 2022, by section 4(1) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
Section 167C(1)(o): amended, on 26 November 2022, by section 4(2) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
168 Regulations relating to fees and charges for land transport
(1)
Without limiting the generality of section 167(1)(j), regulations may be made under that provision prescribing, or providing for the fixing of, fees and charges payable for all or any of the following purposes:
(a)
to provide funds for the establishment, maintenance, and operation of facilities, works, goods, and services under this Act or any other land transport Act:
(b)
to meet, or assist in meeting, the costs and expenses incurred by the Agency, the Director, or the Crown in the exercise of functions or powers, the performance of duties, or the provision of services under any legislation specified in paragraph (a):
(c)
to meet, or assist in meeting, the costs incurred by a regional council in processing notifications of the commencement, variation, or withdrawal of exempt services under the Land Transport Management Act 2003.
(2)
Different rates of fees or charges, or both, may be so prescribed or fixed in respect of different classes of persons, vehicles, products, or any other property or item, or on the basis of different times of use, or different distances, or on any other differential basis.
(3)
Regulations under section 167(1)(j) may authorise persons carrying out statutory functions concerning land transport (such as persons issuing evidence of vehicle inspection) to charge a reasonable fee for the service or work performed.
(4)
Any regulation under section 167(1)(j) may—
(a)
specify the persons by whom, and to whom, any fees or charges, or both, are payable:
(aa)
prescribe fees and charges payable, or provide for their fixing (including a means by which they may be calculated and ascertained, or a rate at which they may be calculated or ascertained):
(ab)
provide for the imposition by the person to whom the fees are payable of reasonable charges in connection with the administration of any payment:
(b)
prescribe, or provide for the fixing of, additional fees or charges, or both, for services or work carried out outside normal working hours, at weekends, or on statutory holidays:
(c)
prescribe, or provide for the fixing of, charges for reimbursement of travelling time, accommodation, and other expenses:
(d)
provide for the refund, waiver, or rebate or enabling the refund, waiver, or rebate, of any fee or charge, or both:
(e)
fix, or empower the fixing of, a date by which any fee or charge is to be paid:
(f)
fix, or enable the fixing of, discounts for early payment of any fee or charge, and penalties for late payment:
(g)
prescribe any returns, and the conditions relating to such returns, to be made by persons by whom any fees, charges, or penalties are payable:
(h)
identify those fees and charges that are land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003.
(5)
[Repealed](6)
[Repealed]Section 168(1)(a): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 119(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 168(1)(a): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 168(1)(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 88 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 168(1)(a): amended, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 168(1)(a): amended, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 168(b): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 119(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 168(1)(c): added, on 1 January 2009, by section 63(2) of the Public Transport Management Act 2008 (2008 No 87).
Section 168(1)(c): amended, on 13 June 2013, by section 72 of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35).
Section 168(2): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 79(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 168(4)(aa): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 99 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 168(4)(ab): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 99 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 168(4)(h): inserted, on 1 July 2020, by section 18 of the Land Transport (Rail) Legislation Act 2020 (2020 No 33).
Section 168(5): repealed, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Section 168(6): repealed, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
168AAA Regulations relating to register of land transport records
(1)
Without limiting the generality of section 167(1)(mf), regulations made under that provision may—
(a)
specify a category of decisions or other things for which land transport records may be created (for example, specifying a category of speed limits or cycle paths):
(b)
if a bylaw, or a class of bylaws, is in a category of decisions or other things specified by regulations made under paragraph (a),—
(i)
require or authorise a land transport record to be created for the bylaw or class of bylaws; and
(ii)
prescribe any additional requirements relating to the creation of a land transport record for the bylaw or class of bylaws:
(c)
[Repealed](d)
provide for the consequences of a land transport record being created for a bylaw, which may include amending, replacing, or revoking the bylaw:
(e)
specify the circumstances in which the Registrar is required or authorised to create a land transport record, amend a land transport record, or remove a land transport record from the register (including, for example, any criteria that the land transport record must satisfy, or any criteria the Registrar must consider before doing so):
(f)
specify any information the Registrar must record in the register for a land transport record:
(g)
prescribe when, or the circumstances in which, the Registrar is not required to operate the register:
(h)
provide for any limitations on, or requirements for, accessing or searching the register, or making copies of information in the register (including, for example, the requirement to pay a fee or charge):
(i)
provide for any notices, records, certificates, or other information that must be given, kept, or produced in relation to a land transport record or the register:
(j)
prescribe the persons or class of persons the Registrar must inform if the Registrar creates, amends, or revokes a land transport record:
(k)
provide for the consequences if a land transport record—
(i)
conflicts with or duplicates a bylaw (which consequences may include amending, replacing, or revoking the bylaw); or
(ii)
conflicts with any other secondary legislation made under a land transport Act:
(l)
prescribe transitional or savings provisions relating to land transport records.
(2)
The following provisions do not apply when amending, replacing, or revoking a bylaw in accordance with regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1)(d), (k), or (l):
(a)
(b)
section 156 of the Local Government Act 2002.
(3)
In this section, bylaw—
(a)
means a bylaw, or part of a bylaw, made by a road controlling authority—
(i)
under any enactment (including section 22AB); and
(ii)
whether made before or after regulations made for any of the purposes in subsection (1)(a) to (l); and
(b)
includes any decision or resolution made under a bylaw referred to in paragraph (a) (for example, a resolution under section 22AB(3) of this Act); and
(c)
includes any resolution made under section 22AB(3A).
Section 168AAA: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 120 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 168AAA(1)(b): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 11(1) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 168AAA(1)(c): repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 11(1) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 168AAA(1)(j): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 11(2) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 168AAA(1)(k)(i): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 11(3) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 168AAA(3)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 11(4) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168AA Land transport revenue to be paid into Crown Bank Account
All fees and charges (excluding applicable refunds and goods and services tax) identified in regulations made under this Part as land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 must be paid into a Crown Bank Account and treated as land transport revenue.
Section 168AA: inserted, on 1 July 2020, by section 19 of the Land Transport (Rail) Legislation Act 2020 (2020 No 33).
Section 168AA heading: amended, on 23 February 2022, by section 9 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
168AAB Certain orders are confirmable instruments
[Repealed]Section 168AAB: repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
168A Agency may declare that vehicle is mobility device or is not motor vehicle
(1)
If a vehicle or type of vehicle is powered solely by a motor that has a maximum power output not exceeding 1 500 W, the Agency may, by notice, declare that the vehicle or type of vehicle is a mobility device.
(2)
If a vehicle or type of vehicle is propelled by a motor that has a maximum power output not exceeding 300 W, the Agency may, by notice, declare that the vehicle or type of vehicle is not a motor vehicle.
(3)
If a vehicle or type of vehicle is propelled by a motor that has a maximum power output greater than 300 W but not exceeding 600 W, the Agency may, by notice, declare that the vehicle or type of vehicle is not a motor vehicle.
(4)
If the Agency makes a declaration under subsection (3), the Agency may—
(a)
impose conditions with respect to—
(i)
the operation of the vehicle or type of vehicle; and
(ii)
the equipment required on the vehicle or type of vehicle; and
(b)
specify those conditions in the notice.
(5)
A notice under this section is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 168A: inserted, on 22 June 2005, by section 80 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 168A heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 168A(1): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 168A(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 168A(2): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 168A(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 168A(3): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 168A(3): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 168A(4): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 168A(5): replaced, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
168B Order in Council for certain land transport revenue
[Repealed]Section 168B: repealed, on 1 May 2011, by section 35(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
168C Piloting fees
(1)
In any case where the Agency or the Director gives written permission under any regulations made under this Part for the use on any road of any motor vehicle that, or the load of which, exceeds any maximum dimension prescribed by the regulations, the Agency or the Director may, as a condition of that permission, require that—
(a)
the motor vehicle be used only under the supervision of 1 or more enforcement officers; and
(b)
the person to whom the permission is given pay to the Commissioner any fee that the Commissioner fixes to cover the costs incurred by the Police in providing that supervision.
(2)
Any fee payable to the Commissioner under subsection (1) constitutes a debt due to the Crown and may be recovered accordingly in any court of competent jurisdiction.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 78A
Section 168C: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 89 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 168C(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 121 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Director may grant exemptions from rules and regulations
Heading: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168D Director may grant exemptions
(1)
The Director may, if the Director thinks it appropriate,—
(a)
exempt 1 or more named or specified persons, vehicles, vehicle components, rail vehicles, land transport-related services, or other things from 1 or more specified requirements in a regulation or rule made under this Part; or
(b)
exempt any class of person, vehicle, vehicle component, rail vehicle, land transport-related service, or other thing from 1 or more specified requirements in a regulation or rule made under this Part.
(2)
The power under subsection (1)—
(a)
must not be used to provide an exemption from a requirement of a rule if the relevant rule specifically provides that no exemptions from the requirement may be granted; and
(b)
may be used to allow an exemption from the requirement of a regulation only if the regulations specify under section 167(1)(mba) that this section and section 168E apply to that requirement.
(3)
The Director must not grant an exemption unless satisfied that—
(a)
the exemption is no broader than is reasonably necessary to address the matters that gave rise to the proposed exemption; and
(b)
it is appropriate to grant the exemption considering—
(i)
the Agency’s objective in section 94 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003; and
(ii)
the need to maintain or improve land transport safety; and
(iii)
whether the exemption supports the response to an emergency or other event; and
(iv)
any other matter that the Director considers appropriate in the circumstances.
(4)
This section does not limit or affect any other power of exemption conferred on any person under this Act or any other land transport Act.
(5)
The Director must notify the number and nature of exemptions granted under subsection (1)(a) in the Gazette at intervals not longer than 3 months.
(6)
A class exemption is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must: | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| • notify it in the Gazette (and include the text of the exemption) | ||||
| • publish it on the Agency’s Internet site | ||||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 168D: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168E General provisions relating to exemptions
(1)
This section applies to exemptions under section 168D.
(2)
The Director may—
(a)
grant an exemption on any terms and conditions that the Director thinks fit:
(b)
amend or revoke an exemption:
(c)
grant an exemption for an indefinite or limited period:
(d)
replace an exemption either before or when it expires.
(3)
An exemption takes effect from the date specified in the exemption (which, for a class exemption, must not be a date earlier than the date on which the exemption is published under the Legislation Act 2019).
(4)
An exemption granted for a limited period expires (unless it is sooner replaced or revoked) on the date specified in the exemption.
(5)
If the term of an exemption is not specified in the exemption, it has effect for an indefinite period (or until it is replaced or revoked).
(6)
The breach of a term or condition of an exemption is a breach of the relevant provision in the regulation or rule to which the exemption relates (unless the terms of the exemption provide otherwise).
Section 168E: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Transport instruments
Heading: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168F Regulations or rules may provide for transport instruments
(1)
A regulation or rule made under a land transport Act may provide for any matter that could be included in that regulation or rule to be dealt with in a transport instrument.
(2)
A regulation or rule providing under subsection (1) for a matter to be dealt with in a transport instrument may be made only if,—
(a)
in the case of a regulation or rule to be made by the Governor-General, the Minister recommends it after being satisfied that the subject matter is appropriate to be in a transport instrument rather than in the regulation or rule itself; or
(b)
in the case of a rule to be made by the Minister, the Minister is satisfied that the subject matter is appropriate to be in a transport instrument rather than in the rule itself; or
(c)
in the case of a rule to be made by the Agency, the Agency is satisfied that the subject matter is appropriate to be in a transport instrument rather than in the rule itself.
(3)
A regulation or rule that provides for a transport instrument must specify who may make the instrument (the Agency, the Director, or the Secretary).
(4)
A regulation or rule that provides for a transport instrument may—
(a)
provide for a particular transport instrument as amended or replaced from time to time:
(b)
provide for any transport instrument that may be made for the purposes of that regulation or rule (even if the instrument has not been made at the time the regulation or rule is made):
(c)
provide for any requirements in relation to the instrument or its creation.
(5)
A transport instrument provided for in a regulation or rule is part of that regulation or rule.
(6)
To avoid doubt,—
(a)
a transport instrument has effect only to the extent that a regulation or rule made under a land transport Act refers to it; and
(b)
a breach of a transport instrument is a breach of the regulation or rule that provides for the instrument.
(7)
If a regulation or rule provides for a transport instrument,—
(a)
a transport instrument made under the regulation or rule is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements); and
(b)
the regulation or rule must contain a statement to that effect.
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation referred to in subsection (7)(a) | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in accordance with the Legislation (Publication) Regulations 2021, unless it is published by PCO | LA19 ss 69, 73, 74(1)(aa) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives, unless it is excluded by section 114(2) of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 s 114 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives, unless it is excluded by section 115 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 168F: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168G Agency, Director, or Secretary may make transport instruments
(1)
For the purposes of section 168F, the Agency, the Director, or the Secretary may make a transport instrument.
(2)
The Agency must not delegate the power to make, amend, or revoke a transport instrument to any person other than the Director or the Secretary.
(3)
The Secretary or the Director (as the case may be) must not delegate the power to make, amend, or revoke a transport instrument to any person.
Section 168G: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168H Procedures relating to transport instruments
(1)
The Agency, the Director, or the Secretary must not make, amend, or revoke a transport instrument unless satisfied that all persons and organisations that the Agency, the Director, or the Secretary thinks appropriate have been consulted, having regard to the subject matter of the proposed instrument, amendment, or revocation.
(2)
The Agency, the Director, or the Secretary (as the case may be) may amend a transport instrument without complying with subsection (1) if satisfied that the amendment is to correct an error, for example, a grammatical or spelling error, or an error in numbering or cross-referencing.
Section 168H: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
168I Incorporation of material in transport instruments
(1)
Section 165 (which provides for the incorporation of material by reference) applies to transport instruments as if—
(a)
transport instruments were rules; and
(b)
references in that section to the person making the rule were references to the person making the transport instrument.
(2)
To avoid doubt, any material incorporated by reference in a transport instrument is to be treated for all purposes as part of the regulation or rule that provides for the instrument.
Section 168I: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 12 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Part 12 The Crown and land transport
169 Objectives of Minister
The objectives of the Minister under this Act are—
(a)
to undertake the Minister’s functions in a way that contributes to an integrated, safe, responsive, and sustainable transport system; and
(b)
to ensure that New Zealand’s obligations under international agreements relating to land transport are implemented.
Section 169: substituted, on 1 December 2004, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
169A Functions of Minister
The functions of the Minister under this Act are—
(a)
to promote safety in land transport:
(b)
to administer New Zealand’s participation in any international convention, agreement, or understanding relating to land transport to which the Government of New Zealand is a party:
(c)
to make ordinary rules under this Act.
Section 169A: inserted, on 1 December 2004, by section 6 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Part 13 Clean vehicle standard
Part 13: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Subpart 1—Preliminary provisions
Subpart 1: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
170 Purpose of this Part
The purpose of this Part is to achieve a rapid reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from light vehicles imported into New Zealand, to assist New Zealand in meeting its 2050 target and emissions budgets under the Climate Change Response Act 2002 and its domestic and international climate change ambitions and commitments.
Section 170: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
171 Application of this Part
This Part applies to light vehicles imported into New Zealand.
Section 171: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
172 Interpretation in this Part
(1)
In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,—
approved test cycle means the WLTP
category 1 light vehicle importer means a person who carries on the business of importing new or used light vehicles and whom the Director approves as a category 1 light vehicle importer under the regulations
category 1 light vehicle importer fleet target means a vehicle carbon dioxide emissions target for a category 1 light vehicle importer calculated in accordance with the formula prescribed by the regulations
category 2 light vehicle importer means any person who imports a new or used light vehicle and who is not a category 1 light vehicle importer
category 2 light vehicle importer target means a vehicle carbon dioxide emissions target calculated for a category 2 light vehicle importer, in respect of a vehicle, in accordance with the formula prescribed by the regulations
excluded vehicle means a vehicle declared by the regulations to be an excluded vehicle for the purposes of this Part
imported has the meaning given in section 173
new, in relation to a light vehicle, means a vehicle that is not a used vehicle
obligation year means the relevant calendar year starting on 1 January and ending on the close of 31 December
regulations means regulations made under section 167C
Type A vehicle means—
(a)
a light motor vehicle that—
(i)
is constructed primarily for the carriage of passengers and has not more than 9 seating positions (including the driver’s seating position); and
(ii)
either has at least 4 wheels or has 3 wheels and a gross vehicle mass exceeding 1,000 kg; and
(iii)
is not an excluded vehicle:
(b)
any vehicle or class of vehicle that is declared by the regulations to be a Type A vehicle for the purposes of this Part
Type B vehicle means—
(a)
a light motor vehicle that—
(i)
is constructed primarily for—
(A)
the carriage of passengers and has more than 9 seating positions (including the driver’s seating position); or
(B)
the carriage of goods and either has at least 4 wheels or has 3 wheels and a gross vehicle mass exceeding 1,000 kg; and
(ii)
is not an excluded vehicle:
(b)
any vehicle or class of vehicle that is declared by the regulations to be a Type B vehicle for the purposes of this Part
used, in relation to a light vehicle, means a vehicle that has been registered under any of the following:
(a)
Part 17 of this Act:
(b)
the Transport Act 1962:
(d)
any corresponding enactment of another country
vehicle importer means, as the case may require,—
(a)
a category 1 light vehicle importer:
(b)
a category 2 light vehicle importer
WLTP means the three-phase variant of the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure cycle as specified in UN Regulation No. 154.
(2)
A reference in this Part to a specified level of vehicle carbon dioxide emissions is a reference to the number of grams of carbon dioxide emitted per kilometre measured in accordance with the WLTP.
Section 172: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
173 Meaning of imported
For the purposes of this Part, a vehicle is imported into New Zealand at the point at which the vehicle is certified for entry under this Act.
Section 173: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
174 Measurement and determination of carbon dioxide emissions
(1)
For the purposes of this Part, carbon dioxide emissions from imported light vehicles must be measured in grams per kilometre based on the approved test cycle.
(2)
The carbon dioxide emissions of an imported light vehicle are the amount determined in accordance with the regulations or rules made under this Act.
(3)
If the carbon dioxide emissions of a vehicle have been determined using a test cycle other than the approved test cycle, the carbon dioxide emissions of the vehicle must be determined in accordance with the regulations or rules made under this Act, which may include estimating the carbon dioxide emissions that would have been expected if the vehicle had been tested using the approved test cycle.
Section 174: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Subpart 2—Clean vehicle standard
Subpart 2: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions
Heading: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
175 Targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions
[Repealed]Section 175: repealed, on 1 January 2026, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
175A Minister must review targets
(1)
The Minister must, not later than 30 June 2024, initiate a review of the targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions set out in section 175 or prescribed in any regulations made under section 167C(1)(j)(iv).
(2)
The review must take into account—
(a)
the anticipated impact of the targets on vehicle carbon dioxide emissions, vehicle safety, and the affordability and availability of vehicles; and
(b)
the levels of ambition of other jurisdictions, in terms of their existing and proposed carbon dioxide emissions targets; and
(c)
any other matter the Minister considers relevant in carrying out the review.
(3)
The review may be undertaken by any method the Minister considers appropriate.
(4)
In conducting the review, the Minister must consult such persons as the Minister considers appropriate.
Section 175A: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Category 1 light vehicle importers: obligations and ways of complying with targets
Heading: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
176 Category 1 light vehicle importers: annual, fleet-based compliance regime applies
(1)
A category 1 light vehicle importer must comply with the targets on an annual basis in relation to the fleet of Type A vehicles, the fleet of Type B vehicles, or (if they imported both Type A and Type B vehicles) each of those fleets of vehicles they imported in the relevant obligation year.
(2)
The actual average vehicle carbon dioxide emissions across a fleet of vehicles imported by a category 1 light vehicle importer in an obligation year must be less than or equal to the category 1 light vehicle importer fleet target applicable to that importer for the relevant vehicle type of that fleet, calculated in accordance with the formula prescribed by the regulations.
Section 176: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
177 Charges payable by category 1 light vehicle importer if carbon dioxide emissions targets exceeded
(1)
If the actual average vehicle carbon dioxide emissions across the fleet of vehicles imported by a category 1 light vehicle importer in an obligation year exceed the category 1 light vehicle importer fleet target, the charges calculated in accordance with subsection (2) apply, unless—
(a)
there are sufficient carbon dioxide credits available in the importer’s carbon dioxide account to offset the excess emissions (whether such credits may have resulted from banking overachievement under section 178 or from 1 or more transfers of carbon dioxide credits into the importer’s carbon dioxide account under section 180); or
(b)
the importer can defer their obligation under section 179.
(2)
The charges are,—
(a)
from 1 January 2025,—
(i)
$33.75 per gram of carbon dioxide in excess multiplied by the number of used vehicles in the fleet; and
(ii)
$67.50 per gram of carbon dioxide in excess multiplied by the number of new vehicles in the fleet; and
(b)
from 1 January 2026,—
(i)
$7.50 per gram of carbon dioxide in excess multiplied by the number of used vehicles in the fleet; and
(ii)
$15.00 per gram of carbon dioxide in excess multiplied by the number of new vehicles in the fleet; and
(c)
from 1 January 2028,—
(i)
$33.75 per gram of carbon dioxide in excess multiplied by the number of used vehicles in the fleet; and
(ii)
$67.50 per gram of carbon dioxide in excess multiplied by the number of new vehicles in the fleet.
(3)
The charges payable under this section are land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003.
Section 177: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 177(2): replaced, on 1 January 2026, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
178 Category 1 light vehicle importer may bank overachievement of carbon dioxide emissions target
(1)
If the actual average vehicle carbon dioxide emissions across the fleet of vehicles imported by a category 1 light vehicle importer in an obligation year are less than the fleet target applicable to that importer, the excess reduction in emissions may be carried forward to the next obligation year (banked) in the vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account in accordance with the regulations.
(2)
Banking provides that the vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account for the next obligation year will be credited by the amount carried forward.
(3)
Carbon dioxide credits banked in a vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account expire on the later of—
(a)
the close of 31 December 2028; and
(b)
4 years from the end of the year in which the credits accrue.
Section 178: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 178(3): replaced, on 1 January 2026, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
179 Category 1 light vehicle importer may defer obligation
(1)
[Repealed](2)
A category 1 light vehicle importer may apply to the Director, in accordance with the regulations, to defer their obligation to meet the category 1 light vehicle importer fleet target for an applicable obligation year (year 1) until the following obligation year (year 2).
(3)
If a category 1 light vehicle importer defers their year 1 obligation until year 2, the importer must, at the end of year 2, ensure that they have met or bettered both the year 1 and the year 2 fleet targets.
(4)
If the vehicle importer does not meet the year 1 and year 2 fleet targets, the charges in section 177 apply.
Section 179: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 179(1): repealed, on 1 January 2026, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
180 Category 1 light vehicle importer may transfer carbon dioxide credits
(1)
A category 1 light vehicle importer who imports new vehicles may transfer carbon dioxide credits in their carbon dioxide account to the carbon dioxide account of a light vehicle importer who imports new vehicles or a light vehicle importer who imports used vehicles, in accordance with the regulations.
(2)
A category 1 light vehicle importer who imports used vehicles may transfer carbon dioxide credits in their carbon dioxide account to the carbon dioxide account of a light vehicle importer who imports new vehicles or a light vehicle importer who imports used vehicles, in accordance with the regulations.
(3)
If a transfer under subsection (1) or (2) involves a transfer between a carbon dioxide account relating to new vehicles and a carbon dioxide account relating to used vehicles, the transfer must be calculated as follows:
(a)
each credit transferred from a carbon dioxide account relating to new vehicles is receipted into a carbon dioxide account relating to used vehicles as 2 credits:
(b)
each set of 2 credits transferred from a carbon dioxide account relating to used vehicles is receipted into a carbon dioxide account relating to new vehicles as 1 credit.
Section 180: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 180(1): amended, on 1 January 2026, by section 9(1) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Section 180(2): amended, on 1 January 2026, by section 9(2) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Section 180(3): replaced, on 1 January 2026, by section 9(3) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Category 2 light vehicle importers: obligations and ways of complying with targets
Heading: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
181 Category 2 light vehicle importers: vehicle-by-vehicle compliance regime applies
(1)
A category 2 light vehicle importer must ensure that each vehicle they import in an obligation year complies with the category 2 light vehicle importer target that applies in respect of that vehicle.
(2)
The vehicle emissions targets applicable in respect of Type A and Type B vehicles imported by a category 2 light vehicle importer must be calculated in accordance with the formulas prescribed by the regulations.
Section 181: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
182 Charges payable by category 2 light vehicle importer if emissions targets exceeded
(1)
If the carbon dioxide emissions of a vehicle imported by a category 2 light vehicle importer exceed the category 2 light vehicle importer target, the charges set out in subsection (2) apply unless there are sufficient credits available in the importer’s carbon dioxide account (whether such credits may have resulted from banking overachievement under section 183 or from 1 or more transfers into the importer’s account under section 184) to offset the excess emissions.
(2)
The charges are,—
(a)
from 1 January 2025,—
(i)
$27.00 per gram of carbon dioxide by which a used vehicle exceeds its target; and
(ii)
$54.00 per gram of carbon dioxide by which a new vehicle exceeds its target; and
(b)
from 1 January 2026,—
(i)
$6.00 per gram of carbon dioxide by which a used vehicle exceeds its target; and
(ii)
$12.00 per gram of carbon dioxide by which a new vehicle exceeds its target; and
(c)
from 1 January 2028,—
(i)
$27.00 per gram of carbon dioxide by which a used vehicle exceeds its target; and
(ii)
$54.00 per gram of carbon dioxide by which a new vehicle exceeds its target.
(3)
The charges payable under this section are land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003.
Section 182: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 182(2): replaced, on 1 January 2026, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
183 Category 2 light vehicle importer may bank overachievement of carbon dioxide emissions
(1)
If the carbon dioxide emissions of a vehicle imported by a category 2 light vehicle importer are less than the category 2 light vehicle importer target in respect of that vehicle, the overachievement may be banked in the importer’s carbon dioxide account in accordance with the regulations.
(2)
Section 178(3) applies to any credits banked under this section.
Section 183: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
184 Category 2 light vehicle importer may transfer carbon dioxide credits
(1)
A category 2 light vehicle importer who imports new vehicles may transfer carbon dioxide credits in their carbon dioxide account to the carbon dioxide account of a light vehicle importer who imports new vehicles or a light vehicle importer who imports used vehicles, in accordance with the regulations.
(2)
A category 2 light vehicle importer who imports used vehicles may transfer carbon dioxide credits in their carbon dioxide account to the carbon dioxide account of a light vehicle importer who imports new vehicles or a light vehicle importer who imports used vehicles, in accordance with the regulations.
(3)
If a transfer under subsection (1) or (2) involves a transfer between a carbon dioxide account relating to new vehicles and a carbon dioxide account relating to used vehicles, the transfer must be calculated as follows:
(a)
each credit transferred from a carbon dioxide account relating to new vehicles is receipted into a carbon dioxide account relating to used vehicles as 2 credits:
(b)
each set of 2 credits transferred from a carbon dioxide account relating to used vehicles is receipted into a carbon dioxide account relating to new vehicles as 1 credit.
Section 184: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 184(1): amended, on 1 January 2026, by section 11(1) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Section 184(2): amended, on 1 January 2026, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Section 184(3): replaced, on 1 January 2026, by section 11(3) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Carbon dioxide accounts: general provisions
Heading: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
185 Vehicle importers must hold carbon dioxide accounts
(1)
Every vehicle importer who imports a Type A or Type B vehicle on or after 1 December 2022 must hold a carbon dioxide account with the Director.
(2)
The account must contain the information and be operated in the manner prescribed by the regulations.
Section 185: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 185(1): amended, on 26 November 2022, by section 5 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
186 Director must allocate unique numbers for carbon dioxide accounts
The Director must, in accordance with the regulations, allocate a unique account number to each carbon dioxide account when the account is opened.
Section 186: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
187 Carbon dioxide account information required for vehicle importation
On and after 1 December 2022, no Type A or Type B vehicle may be certified for entry under this Act, unless—
(a)
the carbon dioxide account number of the vehicle importer has been provided to the Director; and
(b)
the carbon dioxide emissions of the vehicle have been recorded in the vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account.
Section 187: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 187: amended, on 26 November 2022, by section 6 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
188 Director to keep accessible record of carbon dioxide accounts
(1)
The Director must establish and maintain a record of all carbon dioxide holders and the carbon dioxide account number that corresponds to each account holder.
(2)
Any person may apply to the Director for information contained in the record, in accordance with the regulations, for any of the purposes in subsection (3)(a) or (b).
(3)
The Director must maintain and operate the record in a manner that—
(a)
allows members of the public to verify whether a person holds a current carbon dioxide account and whether an account number is correct; and
(b)
facilitates the transfer of carbon dioxide credits between account holders; and
(c)
complies with any requirements prescribed by the regulations.
Section 188: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Opening, closing, and suspension of carbon dioxide accounts
Heading: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
189 Opening carbon dioxide accounts
(1)
Any person who intends to import a Type A or Type B vehicle into New Zealand may apply to the Director to open a carbon dioxide account by submitting an application in the manner prescribed by the regulations, accompanied by the prescribed fee (if any).
(2)
The Director must open a carbon dioxide account on receipt of an application under subsection (1) if the Director is satisfied that—
(a)
the application complies with the prescribed requirements; and
(b)
if the applicant intends to import new vehicles, the applicant does not already hold a carbon dioxide account that relates to new vehicles; and
(c)
if the applicant intends to import used vehicles, the applicant does not already hold a carbon dioxide account that relates to used vehicles.
Section 189: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 189(1): amended, on 26 November 2022, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
190 Carbon dioxide account holder may require Director to close account
(1)
A person who holds a carbon dioxide account may require the Director to close their account.
(2)
The requirement must be made in the manner prescribed by the regulations.
Section 190: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
191 When Director may close carbon dioxide accounts
(1)
The Director may close a carbon dioxide account—
(a)
if the Director receives a requirement from the account holder to close the account; or
(b)
where the Director has not received a requirement from the account holder, if the Director has given the account holder reasonable notice and the Director is satisfied that the account holder no longer requires the account.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), reasonable notice means notice in writing to the account holder of the Director’s intention to close the account and sufficient opportunity in the circumstances for the account holder to make submissions to the Director regarding the account holder’s need to retain the account.
Section 191: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
192 Director may suspend carbon dioxide accounts
(1)
The Director may suspend the operation of a carbon dioxide account for a period not exceeding 5 years if—
(a)
the Director is satisfied that the account holder has failed to comply with specified provisions of this Part or the regulations and the Director has given the account holder reasonable notice; or
(b)
the account holder has been convicted of an offence under this Part and the Director considers suspension of the account for the relevant period to be necessary for the purpose of maintaining the integrity of the clean vehicle standard.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), reasonable notice means notice in writing to the account holder of the Director’s intention to suspend the account and sufficient opportunity in the circumstances for the account holder to comply with the specified provisions of this Part or the regulations.
Section 192: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
193 Application of general right of appeal to District Court
Section 106 (which provides for a general right of appeal to the District Court against decisions made by the Director in respect of the grant, issue, revocation, or suspension of a land transport document sought or held by a person) applies in respect of a carbon dioxide account—
(a)
as if every reference to the grant, issue, revocation, or suspension of a land transport document were a reference to the opening, closing, or suspension of a carbon dioxide account; and
(b)
with all other necessary modifications.
Section 193: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Subpart 3—Information gathering and enforcement powers
Subpart 3: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
194 Requirement to collect and keep information and records for purposes of clean vehicle standard
(1)
A vehicle importer must, in relation to each vehicle they import,—
(a)
collect the data and information prescribed (if any); and
(b)
keep records of the data and information in the prescribed manner (if any); and
(c)
keep sufficient information to enable the Director to verify, in relation to each obligation year, the vehicle importation, charges payable, and charges paid.
(2)
The data, records, and information specified in subsection (1)(a) to (c) must be kept for a period of at least 7 years after the end of the year to which they relate.
Section 194: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
195 Offence in relation to failure to collect data and keep records for purposes of clean vehicle standard
(1)
A vehicle importer commits an offence against this Act if the vehicle importer, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with section 194.
(2)
A person who is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $15,000:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $75,000.
Section 195: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
196 Offence of knowingly producing false records or information
(1)
A vehicle importer commits an offence against this Act if the vehicle importer knowingly or recklessly, in relation to the administration or enforcement of the clean vehicle standard under this Part, provides to the Director information that is false or misleading.
(2)
A person who is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $15,000:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $75,000.
Section 196: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197 Inspection of records or other information
(1)
The Director may require a vehicle importer to produce for inspection any records or other information in the vehicle importer’s possession or control that the Director reasonably considers necessary to establish compliance with the requirements and obligations of the clean vehicle standard.
(2)
The Director may, in relation to any records or other information produced under subsection (1),—
(a)
inspect and make copies of, or take extracts from, the records or other information:
(b)
where the vehicle importer chooses to produce the records or other information at their premises or any other place of inspection,—
(i)
make copies of the records or other information at the place of inspection:
(ii)
remove the records or other information if the Director is satisfied that it is impracticable to copy the records or other information at the place of inspection.
(3)
If the Director removes any records or other information under subsection (2)(b)(ii), the Director must—
(a)
issue a receipt for the records or other information to the person from whom the records or other information was taken; and
(b)
return the records or other information as soon as practicable; and
(c)
for as long as the Director holds the records or other information, allow the person from whom the records or other information was taken to inspect, and obtain copies of, the records or other information at any reasonable time at the premises where the records or other information is held.
Section 197: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197A Offence in relation to production of records or other information
(1)
A vehicle importer commits an offence against this Act if the vehicle importer, without reasonable excuse, fails or refuses to comply with a requirement made under section 197 in relation to the production of records or other information.
(2)
A person who is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $15,000:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $75,000.
Section 197A: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197B Director may require person to supply information, produce documents, or give evidence
(1)
If the Director considers it necessary or desirable for the purposes of performing or exercising the Director’s functions, powers, or duties under this Part, the Director may, by notice in writing, require a person—
(a)
to supply to the Director, within the time and in the manner specified in the notice, any information or class of information specified in the notice; or
(b)
to produce to the Director, or to a person specified in the notice acting on the Director’s behalf in accordance with the notice, any document or class of documents specified in the notice (within the time and in the manner specified in the notice); or
(c)
if necessary, to reproduce, or assist in reproducing, in usable form, information recorded or stored in any document or class of documents specified in the notice (within the time and in the manner specified in the notice); or
(d)
to appear before a specified person, at a time and place specified in the notice, to give evidence, either orally or in writing, and produce any document or class of documents specified in the notice.
(2)
Information supplied in response to a notice under subsection (1)(a) must be—
(a)
given in writing; and
(b)
signed in the manner specified in the notice.
(3)
If a document is produced in response to a notice under subsection (1), the Director, or the person to whom the document is produced, may—
(a)
inspect and make records of that document; and
(b)
take copies of the document or extracts from the document.
(4)
In this section, specified person means—
(a)
an employee of the Agency:
(b)
another person to whom the Director has delegated the power to receive the relevant document or class of documents or to receive evidence and the relevant document or class of documents (being a person that the Director is satisfied is suitably qualified or trained, or is a member of a class of persons who are suitably qualified or trained, to exercise the power).
Section 197B: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197C Offence in relation to requirement to supply information, produce documents, or give evidence
(1)
A person commits an offence against this Act if the person,—
(a)
without reasonable excuse, fails or refuses to comply with a notice given under section 197B; or
(b)
in purported compliance with a notice given under that section, provides information, or produces a document, or gives evidence knowing it to be false or misleading.
(2)
A person who is convicted of an offence against subsection (1) is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $15,000:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $75,000.
Section 197C: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197D Privileges for person required to supply information, produce documents, or give evidence
Every person has the same privileges in relation to providing information and documents to, and answering questions before, the Director, an employee of the Agency, or a person authorised under section 197B(4)(b) as witnesses have in proceedings before a court.
Section 197D: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197E Confidentiality of information and documents
Sections 109A and 109B of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 apply to information and documents obtained under section 197B.
Section 197E: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197F Effect of proceedings
(1)
If a person commences a proceeding in any court in respect of the exercise of any powers conferred by section 197B, until a final decision in relation to the proceeding is given,—
(a)
the powers may be, or may continue to be, exercised as if the proceeding had not been commenced; and
(b)
no person is excused from fulfilling the person’s obligations under that section by reason of the proceeding.
(2)
However, the court may make an interim order overriding subsection (1), but only if the court is satisfied that—
(a)
the applicant has established a prima facie case that the exercise of the power in question is unlawful; and
(b)
the applicant would suffer substantial harm from the exercise or discharge of the power or obligation; and
(c)
if the power or obligation is exercised or discharged before a final decision is made in the proceeding, none of the remedies specified in subsection (3), or any combination of those remedies, could subsequently provide an adequate remedy for that harm; and
(d)
the terms of the order do not unduly hinder or restrict the Director in performing or exercising the Director’s functions, powers, or duties under this Act.
(3)
The remedies are as follows:
(a)
any remedy that the court may grant in making a final decision in relation to the proceeding (for example, a declaration):
(b)
any damages that the applicant may be able to claim in concurrent or subsequent proceedings:
(c)
any opportunity that the applicant may have, as defendant in a proceeding, to challenge the admissibility of any evidence obtained as a result of the exercise or discharge of the power or obligation.
Section 197F: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
197G Effect of final decision that exercise of powers under section 197B unlawful
(1)
This section applies in any case where it is declared, in a final decision given in any proceeding in respect of the exercise of any powers conferred by section 197B, that the exercise of any powers conferred by that section is unlawful.
(2)
If this section applies, to the extent to which the exercise of those powers is declared unlawful, the Director must ensure that, immediately after the decision of the court is given,—
(a)
any information obtained as a consequence of the exercise of powers declared to be unlawful and any record of that information are destroyed; and
(b)
any documents, or extracts from documents, that are obtained as a consequence of the exercise of powers declared to be unlawful are returned to the person who previously had possession or control of them, and any copies of those documents or extracts are destroyed; and
(c)
any information derived from or based on such information, documents, or extracts is destroyed.
(3)
However, the court may order that any information, record, or copy of any document or extract from a document may, instead of being destroyed, be retained by the Director subject to any terms and conditions that the court imposes.
(4)
No information, and no document or extracts from a document, obtained as a consequence of the exercise of any powers declared to be unlawful, and no record of any such information or document,—
(a)
is admissible as evidence in any civil proceeding unless the court hearing the proceeding in which the evidence is sought to be adduced is satisfied that there was no unfairness in obtaining the evidence:
(b)
is admissible as evidence in any criminal proceeding if the evidence is excluded under section 30 of the Evidence Act 2006:
(c)
may otherwise be used in connection with the exercise of any powers conferred by this Act unless the court that declared the exercise of the powers to be unlawful is satisfied that there was no unfairness in obtaining the evidence.
Section 197G: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 10 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Part 13 Land transport strategies
[Repealed]Part 13: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
National land transport strategy[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
170 National land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 170: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
171 Procedure for completing national land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 171: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
172 Currency of national land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 172: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
173 Amendment or revocation of national land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 173: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
174 Effect of national land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 174: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Regional land transport strategies[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
175 Regional land transport strategies
[Repealed]Section 175: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
176 Currency of regional land transport strategies
[Repealed]Section 176: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
177 Copies of regional land transport strategy to be made available to certain persons
[Repealed]Section 177: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
178 Regional land transport committees
[Repealed]Section 178: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
179 Consultation requirements for preparation of regional land transport strategies
[Repealed]Section 179: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
180 Regional councils to consider contracting out functions under this Act
[Repealed]Section 180: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
181 Effect of regional land transport strategies
[Repealed]Section 181: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
182 Annual reports on regional land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 182: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
183 Certain territorial authorities to prepare land transport strategy
[Repealed]Section 183: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Part 14 Administrative provisions
Part 14 heading: substituted, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
184 Land Transport Safety Authority of New Zealand continued
[Repealed]Section 184: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(d) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
185 Authority to be Crown entity
[Repealed]Section 185: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(d) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
186 Director of Land Transport
[Repealed]Section 186: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
187 Acting Director
[Repealed]Section 187: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
188 Use of words Land Transport Safety Authority
[Repealed]Section 188: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(e) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Role of Land Transport Safety Authority and Director[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(f) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
189 Principal objective of Authority
[Repealed]Section 189: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(f) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
190 Functions of Authority
[Repealed]Section 190: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(g) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
191 Authority to comply with policy directions
[Repealed]Section 191: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(g) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
192 Performance agreement
[Repealed]Section 192: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(g) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
193 Minister may determine content of agreement or amendment
[Repealed]Section 193: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(g) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
194 Amendment of agreement
[Repealed]Section 194: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(g) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
195 Service charter
[Repealed]Section 195: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(g) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Powers and additional functions of Authority and Director[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(h) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
196 Authority to have powers of natural person
[Repealed]Section 196: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(h) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
197 Functions and powers of Director
[Repealed]Section 197: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
198 Inspections and audits
(1)
The Director may in writing require any person who holds a land transport document that authorises the provision of a service in the land transport system to undergo such inspections and audits as the Director reasonably considers necessary in the interests of land transport safety (including inspections and audits of vehicles operated by such persons).
(2)
The Director may carry out such inspections and audits as the Director reasonably considers necessary in the interests of land transport safety.
(3)
For the purposes of any inspection or audit carried out in respect of any person under this section, the Director may in writing require that person to provide such information as the Director reasonably considers relevant to the inspection or audit.
(4)
A person to whom a requirement is made under this section must comply with that requirement.
Section 198(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 122 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 198(2): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 122 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 198(3): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 122 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
199 Agency to maintain register of driver licences
(1)
The Agency must continue and maintain the national register of all driver licences that was established under section 45 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986.
(2)
The national register must show for each driver licence the following information:
(a)
the holder’s full name, address, electronic address (if they have an electronic address that is known to the Agency), gender, date of birth, place of birth (if known to the Agency), and signature:
(b)
the number of the licence:
(c)
the original date of issue of the licence and the date of issue of the current licence:
(d)
the date of expiry of the licence:
(e)
the class or classes of vehicles to which the licence applies:
(f)
endorsements applying to the licence:
(g)
any conditions applying to the licence:
(h)
information about any order of disqualification made against the holder of the licence under this Act or any former enactment:
(i)
information about any court order under this Act or any former enactment authorising the issue of a limited licence to the holder (if the holder has been disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence):
(ia)
information about any court order under this Act authorising the issue of an alcohol interlock licence or zero alcohol licence to the holder:
(j)
information about any order removing a disqualification imposed on the holder under this Act or any former enactment:
(k)
information about any suspension of any licence held by the holder, including under any driver licence stop order, or any disqualification from holding or obtaining a licence imposed on the holder under this Act or any former enactment:
(l)
information about any revocation or suspension of a driver licence entitling the holder to drive a transport service vehicle, or a prohibition placed on the holder from driving any such vehicle, under Part 4A:
(m)
information about any order of disqualification made against the holder under section 83 of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 or section 124 of the Sentencing Act 2002:
(n)
information about any revocation or suspension under this Act or any former enactment of any driver licence held by the holder:
(na)
information about any cancellation or termination of a driver licence stop order:
(o)
photographic images of the holder taken for the purposes of this Act:
(p)
information about demerit points recorded under this Act or any other enactment against the holder for any offence:
(q)
organ donor information about the holder.
(3)
The national register must also show information identifying whether a person is disqualified from holding or obtaining a driver licence.
(4)
A person (being the licence holder or another person who obtains the consent of the licence holder) who applies to the Agency and pays the prescribed fee (if any), is entitled to information about the driver licence that is referred to in subsection (2)(b) or (p).
(5)
A medical practitioner is entitled (without payment of a fee) to information about any driver licence holder referred to in subsection (2)(q).
(6)
A person who applies to the Agency and pays the prescribed fee (if any) is entitled to the following information stored in the national register in respect of a person named in the application:
(a)
any information specified in paragraph (d) or paragraph (e) of subsection (2):
(b)
any information specified in paragraphs (f) to (na) of subsection (2) that is current at the date of the application.
(7)
An application under any of subsections (4) to (6)—
(a)
may be made in writing or electronically or orally; and
(b)
must describe the person named with sufficient particularity to enable the Agency to identify the person and the licences concerned.
(8)
Information requested under any of subsections (4) to (6) may be given in writing or electronically or orally.
(12)
For the purposes of this section, driver licence includes (but is not limited to) an alcohol interlock licence, a zero alcohol licence, and a limited licence.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 45
Section 199 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199(2)(a): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 31 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 199(2)(a): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 90(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 199(2)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199(2)(c): substituted, on 16 January 2006, by section 82(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 199(2)(ia): inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 90(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 199(2)(k): amended, on 1 November 2013, by section 17(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 199(2)(l): amended, on 1 October 2007, by section 82(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 199(2)(m): amended, on 30 June 2002, by section 186 of the Sentencing Act 2002 (2002 No 9).
Section 199(2)(na): inserted, on 1 November 2013, by section 17(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 199(3): amended, on 1 December 2009, by section 35 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 199(4): substituted, on 10 May 2011, by section 90(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 199(5): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 199(6): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199(6)(b): amended, on 1 November 2013, by section 17(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31).
Section 199(6)(b): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 82(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 199(7): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 82(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 199(7)(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199(8): amended, on 16 January 2006, by section 82(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 199(12): added, on 10 May 2011, by section 90(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
199A Register of transport service licences
(1)
The Agency must continue and maintain the register of transport service licences that was established under section 29 of the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989.
(2)
The register must show for each licence the following information:
(a)
the holder’s full name:
(b)
if the holder is a natural person, the holder’s date of birth:
(c)
the holder’s business or residential address:
(ca)
the holder’s business or personal electronic address (if they have an electronic address that is known to the Agency):
(d)
the full name and address of any person in control:
(da)
the business or personal electronic address of any person in control (if they have an electronic address that is known to the Agency):
(e)
the number of the licence:
(f)
the date of issue of the licence:
(g)
the class or classes of transport services to which the licence applies:
(h)
information about any operator safety rating, or other similar information, specified in the regulations or the rules:
(i)
any conditions applying to the licence:
(j)
information about any revocation, suspension, or surrender:
(k)
information about any order of disqualification made against the holder of the licence under this Act or any former enactment:
(l)
information about any order removing a disqualification imposed on the holder under this Act or any former enactment:
(m)
the dates of any amendments to the licence.
(3)
[Repealed](4)
A person who applies to the Agency and pays the prescribed fee (if any)—
(a)
is, with the consent of the holder of the transport service licence named in the application, entitled to the information stored in the register in respect of the licence holder; but
(b)
is, without the consent of the holder of the transport service licence named in the application, entitled only to the information stored in the register in respect of the licence holder that is specified in subsection (2)(a) and (g) to (l).
(5)
An application under subsection (4)—
(a)
may be made in writing or electronically or orally; and
(b)
must describe the person named with sufficient particularity to enable the Agency to identify the person and the licences concerned.
(6)
Information requested under subsection (4) may be given in writing or electronically or orally.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 29
Section 199A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 83 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 199A(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199A(2)(ca): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 32(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 199A(2)(da): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 199A(3): repealed, on 1 October 2017, by section 88(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 199A(4): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 199A(4)(b): replaced, on 1 October 2017, by section 88(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 199A(5)(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
200 Restrictions on access to photographic images of driver licence holders
(1)
No person other than a person acting in the course of the person’s official duties as an employee of the Agency may access or use any photographic image stored under section 28(5).
(1A)
Subsection (1) is subject to—
(a)
subsections (2), (3), and (4):
(b)
section 141 of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017:
(c)
subpart 2 of Part 7 of the Privacy Act 2020.
(2)
A person who is acting in the course of the person’s official duties as an employee of the Department of Internal Affairs may access or use any photographic image stored under section 28(5) to verify the identity of a particular individual.
(3)
A person who is the next of kin of a deceased individual to whom a photographic image stored under section 28(5) relates may access the photographic image—
(a)
on production to the Agency of—
(i)
a death certificate (within the meaning of section 4 of the Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Act 2021) relating to the death of the individual; or
(ii)
the grant of probate of the will of the individual or of letters of administration to the individual’s estate; and
(b)
only if the person who is seeking access to the photographic image satisfies the Agency that the person is the individual’s next of kin.
(4)
A person who is acting in the course of the person’s official duties as an employee of a specified agency may access or use any photographic image stored under section 28(5) to verify the identity of a particular individual for the purpose of law enforcement.
(5)
For the purposes of this section,—
next of kin includes a spouse, a civil union partner, and a de facto partner
specified agency means any of the following:
(a)
the Department of Corrections:
(b)
the part of the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment that administers the Immigration Act 2009:
(c)
the Ministry of Justice:
(d)
the New Zealand Customs Service:
(e)
the New Zealand Police.
Section 200: replaced, on 22 August 2017, by section 41 of the Enhancing Identity Verification and Border Processes Legislation Act 2017 (2017 No 42).
Section 200(1): replaced, on 28 September 2017, by section 282 of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 200(1A): inserted, on 28 September 2017, by section 282 of the Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10).
Section 200(1A)(c): replaced, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
Section 200(3)(a)(i): amended, on 15 June 2023, by section 147 of the Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Act 2021 (2021 No 57).
Register of land transport records
Heading: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200A Interpretation
In sections 200B to 200O, unless the context otherwise requires,—
bylaw has the meaning given in section 168AAA(3)
register means the register of land transport records established by section 200E
Registrar means the Agency
regulations means any regulations made for the purposes of section 167(1)(mf), including for any purpose set out in section 168AAA.
Section 200A: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200B Secondary legislation may require creation of land transport record
(1)
Secondary legislation made under a land transport Act may require or authorise a land transport record to be created for a decision or other thing made or done in accordance with that secondary legislation.
(2)
Subsection (1) applies only if the decision or other thing falls within a category of decisions or other things specified in regulations made for the purpose of section 168AAA(1)(a) of this Act.
(3)
Nothing in subsection (1) limits any other power in a land transport Act in relation to secondary legislation.
Section 200B: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 200B(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 13 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200C Land transport records must be created for certain bylaws
[Repealed]Section 200C: repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 14 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200D Land transport records may be created for certain bylaws
[Repealed]Section 200D: repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 14 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200E Register of land transport records
(1)
A register called the register of land transport records is established.
(2)
The Registrar must keep and operate the register in accordance with—
(a)
(b)
the regulations.
Section 200E: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200F Purpose of register
The purpose of the register is—
(a)
to provide conclusive evidence of a land transport record; and
(b)
to provide a public record of land transport records; and
(c)
to enable any person to access, or get copies of, land transport records; and
(d)
to assist or enable any person to perform or exercise the person’s functions, powers, or duties under this Act or any other land transport Act (for example, to commence proceedings against a person for exceeding a speed limit).
Section 200F: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 200F(a): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 15 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200G When Registrar must create land transport record
[Repealed]Section 200G: repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 16 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200H Date of effect of land transport record
(1)
A land transport record has effect only on and from the day after it is created, unless any later date is specified in the record, in which case it has effect on and from that later date.
(2)
[Repealed]Section 200H: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 200H heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 17(1) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Section 200H(2): repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 17(2) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200I Contents of register
(1)
The Registrar must record in the register the prescribed information for each land transport record.
(2)
The Registrar may record in the register any other information the Registrar considers appropriate.
Section 200I: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200J Operation, access, and search of register
(1)
The register may be kept in any manner that the Registrar thinks fit provided it permits the contents to be readily accessed or reproduced in usable form.
(2)
The register must be operated at all times unless—
(a)
the Registrar suspends its operation (in whole or in part)—
(i)
for maintenance purposes; or
(ii)
in response to technical difficulties; or
(iii)
to ensure the security or integrity of the register; or
(b)
the regulations prescribe otherwise.
(3)
Any person may access or search the register, or make copies of information in the register, except to the extent that—
(a)
the Registrar suspends its operation in accordance with subsection (2); or
(b)
the regulations provide otherwise.
Section 200J: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200K Amendments to register
(1)
The Registrar may amend the register if the Registrar is satisfied at any time that the register—
(a)
contains a typographical error or a mistake; or
(b)
omits information that is required or permitted to be included in the register.
(2)
The Registrar must amend the register—
(a)
if the regulations require the Registrar to do so; or
(b)
to give effect to an order or a direction of a court.
Section 200K: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200L Submitting information to Registrar
(1)
A person submitting information to the Registrar for the purpose of creating a land transport record must submit the following information:
(a)
information required by the regulations; and
(b)
any other information required by the Registrar.
(2)
For the purpose of subsection (1), the Registrar may—
(a)
specify how the person must submit the information:
(b)
require the person submitting the information to confirm that any legal requirements in relation to the decision or other thing have been satisfied (for example, that consultation has been properly undertaken).
Section 200L: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200M Registrar must notify person that record created
Once a land transport record is created, the Registrar must notify the person that submitted the information in relation to the record of that fact.
Section 200M: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
200N Registrar may notify record or changes to register
(1)
The Registrar must inform the persons or class of persons prescribed in the regulations if the Registrar creates, amends, or revokes a land transport record.
(2)
The Registrar may also give notice of the following matters to any person or class of persons or to the public generally:
(a)
that a land transport record has been created:
(b)
that changes have been made to the register.
(3)
The Registrar may inform or give notice in any manner that the Registrar thinks fit.
Section 200N: inserted, on 1 September 2020, by section 123 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 200N(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 18 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
200O Evidentiary effect of information on register
(1)
Subsection (2) applies to a document that—
(a)
appears to be or to represent an image of a land transport record; and
(b)
does not appear to have been altered in any way.
(2)
Unless there is proof to the contrary, the document is conclusive evidence of the contents of the land transport record.
(3)
The Registrar must provide a copy, or a certified copy, of any information on the register to any person who applies for it and pays the prescribed fee or charge (if any).
(4)
A certified copy of information on the register purporting to be signed by the Registrar is conclusive evidence for all purposes that the information in the certified copy is entered in the register.
(5)
The copies referred to in subsections (3) and (4) may be provided in electronic form if the Registrar so determines.
Section 200O: replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 19 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Use of outside agencies in performance of functions[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(i) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
201 Authority to consider delegating or contracting out of functions and powers
[Repealed]Section 201: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(i) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
202 Authority may arrange for services to be provided by outside agencies
[Repealed]Section 202: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(j) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Delegations
203 Authority may delegate functions or powers to employees
[Repealed]Section 203: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(1)(j) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
204 Director may delegate functions or powers to employees of Authority
[Repealed]Section 204: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
205 Director may delegate functions or powers to persons outside Authority
[Repealed]Section 205: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
206 General provisions concerning delegations under sections 204 and 205
[Repealed]Section 206: repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
207 Delegation of Minister’s functions or powers to Agency or Director
(1)
The Minister may from time to time, either generally or particularly, delegate to the Agency or Director all or any of the Minister’s functions and powers under this Act or under any other enactment affecting land transport.
(2)
A delegation under this section must be in writing.
(3)
No delegation under this section may include the power to delegate under this section.
(4)
The power of the Minister to delegate under this section—
(a)
is subject to section 160(8) and to any prohibitions, restrictions, or conditions contained in any other Act in relation to the delegation of the Minister’s functions or powers; but
(b)
does not limit a power of delegation conferred on the Minister by any other Act.
(5)
Subject to any general or special directions given or conditions imposed by the Minister, the Agency or Director may exercise any functions or powers so delegated to the Agency or Director in the same manner and with the same effect as if they had been conferred on the Agency or Director directly by this section and not by delegation.
(6)
If the Agency or Director purports to act under a delegation made under this section, the Agency or Director is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, to be presumed to be acting in accordance with the terms of the delegation.
(7)
A delegation under this section does not affect or prevent the performance or exercise of any function or power by the Minister, nor does the delegation affect the responsibility of the appropriate Minister for the actions of a person acting under the delegation.
Compare: 1993 No 88 s 26
Section 207 heading: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 124(1) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 207 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 207(1): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 124(2) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 207(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 207(5): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 124(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 207(5): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 207(6): amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 124(3) of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 207(6): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Part 15 Miscellaneous provisions
208 Appointment of enforcement officers and dangerous goods enforcement officers
(1)
The Commissioner may, by warrant, appoint a person who is not a constable to be—
(a)
an enforcement officer for the purposes of—
(i)
this Act:
(ii)
Part 2 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(iii)
Part 5 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003; or
(iv)
the Road User Charges Act 2012; or
(b)
a dangerous goods enforcement officer.
(2)
The Commissioner may, by warrant, appoint any constable to be a dangerous goods enforcement officer.
(3)
The Agency may, by warrant, appoint an employee of the Agency to be—
(a)
an enforcement officer for the purposes of—
(i)
(ia)
[Repealed](ii)
Part 5 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(iii)
any provision in the Land Transport Management Act 2003 relating to tolls; or
(b)
a dangerous goods enforcement officer.
(4)
Only persons who, in the opinion of the Commissioner or the Agency (as the case may be), are qualified by knowledge or experience to undertake enforcement of the functions specified in the warrant of appointment may be appointed under this section.
(5)
Each enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer appointed under this section is to be supplied by the Commissioner or the Agency (as the case may be) with a warrant which specifies the functions that the officer is entitled or required to undertake.
(6)
In specifying the functions of an enforcement officer or dangerous goods enforcement officer under this section, the Commissioner or the Agency (as the case may be) may specify which powers are or are not exercisable by the officer and impose conditions on the exercise of powers.
(7)
The Commissioner or the Agency (as the case may be) may at any time revoke an appointment made by the Commissioner or the Agency under this section.
Compare: 1962 No 135 ss 6, 70K
Section 208(1): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 208(1)(a): substituted, on 1 January 2009, by section 63(2) of the Public Transport Management Act 2008 (2008 No 87).
Section 208(1)(a)(iii): replaced, on 13 June 2013, by section 72 of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35).
Section 208(1)(a)(iv): inserted, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 208(2): amended, on 1 October 2008, pursuant to section 116(a)(vii) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
Section 208(3): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 208(3)(a): substituted, on 1 January 2009, by section 63(2) of the Public Transport Management Act 2008 (2008 No 87).
Section 208(3)(a)(i): amended, on 23 February 2022, by section 11 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Section 208(3)(a)(ia): repealed, on 1 July 2025, by section 14 of the Land Transport Management (Repeal of Regional Fuel Tax) Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 9).
Section 208(3)(a)(ii): replaced, on 13 June 2013, by section 72 of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35).
Section 208(3)(a)(iii): inserted, on 13 June 2013, by section 72 of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35).
Section 208(4): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 208(5): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 208(6): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 208(7): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
208A Agency is enforcement officer for certain infringement offences
(1)
This section applies to an infringement offence that is a moving vehicle offence.
(2)
The Agency is an enforcement officer for the purposes of issuing an infringement notice under section 139.
(3)
This section applies whether the approved vehicle surveillance equipment or the point-to-point average speed system that detected the offence was operated by the Agency or another person.
Section 208A: replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 33 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
209 Taking of blood specimens for statistical or research purposes
(1)
Despite anything in any Act or rule of law, a health practitioner or medical officer employed by an approved health authority—
(a)
may, with the general or special approval of that health authority, take for statistical or research purposes, whether in the hospital at which the practitioner or officer is employed or otherwise, a blood specimen from a person who the practitioner or officer believes is in the hospital at which the practitioner or officer is employed for examination, care, or treatment as a result of an accident involving a motor vehicle:
(b)
may, with the consent of a person from whom such a blood specimen may be taken under this subsection, take for such purposes a specimen of breath, oral fluid, urine, perspiration, or eye vapour from that person.
(2)
A blood, breath, oral fluid, urine, perspiration, or eye vapour specimen taken under this section must be labelled that it was taken for statistical or research purposes, and evidence as to the proportion of alcohol or of a drug found in that specimen is not admissible in any civil or criminal proceedings in any court or in proceedings before a person acting judicially.
(2A)
[Repealed](2B)
[Repealed](2C)
[Repealed](3)
Subsections (5) and (6) of section 73 apply to every blood, breath, oral fluid, urine, perspiration, or eye vapour specimen taken under this section as if the specimen had been taken under that section.
(4)
For the purposes of this section, a person acting judicially means any person having in New Zealand by law authority to hear, receive, and examine evidence.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 58J
Section 209(1): amended, on 7 November 2018, by section 20 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77).
Section 209(1): amended, on 18 September 2004, by section 175(1) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48).
Section 209(1)(b): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 38 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209(2): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 38 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209(2): amended, on 1 August 2007, by section 216 of the Evidence Act 2006 (2006 No 69).
Section 209(2A): repealed, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 209(2B): repealed, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 209(2C): repealed, on 1 December 2014, by section 15 of the Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57).
Section 209(3): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 38 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209(4): added, on 1 August 2007, by section 216 of the Evidence Act 2006 (2006 No 69).
209AA Expiry and repeal of section 209(2A) to (2C)
Subsections (2A) to (2C) of section 209 expire and are repealed with the close of a date to be appointed by the Governor-General by Order in Council.
Section 209AA: inserted, on 7 August 2011, by section 92 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
209A Analysing oral fluid or blood specimens for statistical or research purposes related to use of drugs or alcohol
(1)
A person may, for statistical or research purposes related to the use of drugs or alcohol, analyse or re-analyse in an approved laboratory—
(a)
an oral fluid sample taken from a person under any of sections 71A to 71C and 71DE:
(b)
a blood specimen from a person taken under section 72 or 73.
(2)
Subsection (1) applies to any blood specimen taken under this Act before, during, or after it comes into force.
(3)
No analysis of an oral fluid sample or a blood specimen under subsection (1) may be used as evidence in any proceedings for an offence.
(4)
An oral fluid sample or a blood specimen analysed or re-analysed under subsection (1) must be treated in a manner that does not identify the person from whom the oral fluid sample or blood specimen is taken.
(5)
Nothing in this section limits the purposes for which an oral fluid sample or a blood specimen may be analysed or re-analysed under this Act.
Section 209A: inserted, on 1 November 2009, by section 26 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 209A heading: amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 39(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209A(1): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 39(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209A(1)(a): amended, on 15 December 2025, by section 38 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Section 209A(3): amended, on 11 March 2023, by section 39(3) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209A(4): replaced, on 11 March 2023, by section 39(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Section 209A(5): inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 39(4) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
210 How notices and requests are given, served, or made
(1)
This section describes—
(a)
how a notice required to be given or sent to a person, or served on a person, under this Act (other than an infringement notice) may be given, sent, or served; and
(b)
how a request in writing to a person under section 118 may be made.
(2)
The notice or request may be given, sent, served, or made by—
(a)
delivering it to the person; or
(b)
leaving it at—
(i)
the person’s usual or last known place of residence or business; or
(ii)
at the address specified by the person in any application or other document under this Act or the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986; or
(c)
sending it—
(i)
by post addressed to the person at the place or address referred to in paragraph (b); or
(ii)
by electronic means addressed to the person at their electronic address.
(3)
A notice or request that is, in accordance with subsection (2)(c), sent to a person—
(a)
by post must, unless the contrary is shown, be treated as having been given, sent, served, or made when it would have been delivered in the ordinary course of post and, in proving the delivery, it is sufficient to prove that the letter was properly addressed and posted:
(b)
by electronic means must, unless the contrary is shown, be treated as having been given, sent, served, or made at the time the electronic communication first enters an information system that is outside the control of the person giving or serving the notice or making the request and, in proving the sending, it is sufficient to prove that the electronic communication was properly addressed and sent.
(4)
In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, electronic address, in relation to a person, means—
(a)
an electronic address that the person has given to an enforcement authority; or
(b)
otherwise, the person’s last known electronic address.
Section 210: replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 34 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
210A Transfer of responsibilities between regional councils and territorial authorities
(1)
A regional council may transfer 1 or more of its responsibilities under this Act to a territorial authority under section 17 of the Local Government Act 2002.
(2)
A territorial authority may transfer 1 or more of its responsibilities under this Act to a regional council under section 17 of the Local Government Act 2002.
(3)
In this section, responsibility means any responsibility, duty, or legal obligation under this Act and includes—
(a)
a responsibility that has previously been transferred under section 17 of the Local Government Act 2002; and
(b)
any powers associated with the responsibility, duty, or legal obligation.
Section 210A: inserted, on 22 October 2019, by section 38 of the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 54).
211 Commissioner to provide traffic accident reports
(1)
A person may apply to the Commissioner for a copy of any traffic accident report and is, on payment of the prescribed fee (if any), entitled to obtain a copy of the report.
(2)
The Commissioner may delete or omit from a copy of a report required to be supplied under subsection (1) any information that may be withheld in accordance with the provisions of the Official Information Act 1982 or the Privacy Act 2020 but, if any such deletion or omission occurs,—
(a)
the Commissioner must inform the applicant that information has been deleted or omitted from the copy of the report; and
(b)
the provisions of the Official Information Act 1982 and the Privacy Act 2020 apply to the deletion or omission as if, following a request under that Act for the information deleted or omitted, the information had been withheld in reliance on that Act.
(3)
The fee referred to in subsection (1) is, despite section 24(1) of the Official Information Act 1982 and section 66 of the Privacy Act 2020, payable by every person (including a natural person to whom the report relates) applying for a copy of a traffic accident report.
(4)
In this section, traffic accident report means a written report prepared by an enforcement officer who is a Police employee that relates to an investigation of a traffic accident.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 199A
Section 211(2): amended, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
Section 211(2)(b): amended, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
Section 211(3): amended, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
Section 211(4): amended, on 1 October 2008, by section 130(1) of the Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72).
211A Payment of fees
All fees and other money (not being fines, infringement fees, or other penalties) received or recovered for the purposes of Part 4A must be paid or credited to the Agency.
Compare: 1989 No 74 s 65
Section 211A: inserted, on 1 October 2007, by section 86 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 211A: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
212 Agency to pay sum to assessment centres
The Agency must pay each assessment centre, from money appropriated for the purpose by Parliament, such sum as may be prescribed for the first attendance of a person ordered under this Act to attend an assessment centre, if that person has not previously attended an assessment centre following the making of the order.
Compare: 1962 No 135 s 30B(3)
Section 212 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 212: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
213 Customs control over imported vehicles
(1)
If a regulation or rule specifies requirements for motor vehicles imported into New Zealand, a motor vehicle imported into New Zealand must remain subject to the control of Customs until those requirements are complied with.
(2)
The importer is liable for any fees and charges payable in respect of a motor vehicle while it is subject to the control of Customs for the purposes of this section.
(3)
In subsection (1), regulation does not include a regulation made under section 167B or 167C.
Section 213(3): inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
213A Public right of way at level crossings
(1)
At a level crossing, the public right of way at the crossing—
(a)
ceases whenever a rail vehicle on the railway line is approaching and is within a distance of 800 m from the crossing; and
(b)
at all other times, extends only to the right of crossing the railway line with all convenient speed, but not to stopping or remaining on it.
(2)
In this section, level crossing has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005.
Section 213A: inserted, on 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) of the Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37).
Part 16 Repeals, amendments to other enactments, and transitional and savings provisions
214 Repeals
(1)
The enactments specified in Parts 1 to 3 of Schedule 2 are repealed on 1 March 1999.
(2)
The enactments specified in clauses 1 to 14 of Part 4 of Schedule 2 are repealed on such date or dates as may be appointed by Order in Council under section 1(3).
(3)
[Repealed]Section 214(3): repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 94 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
215 Amendments to other enactments
(1)
The enactments specified in Schedule 3 are amended in the manner indicated in that schedule.
(2)
The Transport Act 1962 is amended by repealing Parts 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of Schedule 2, and substituting the Parts set out in Schedule 4.
216 Transitional regulations
(1)
Without limiting the powers conferred by section 167, the Governor-General may from time to time, by Order in Council, make regulations—
(a)
prescribing transitional and savings provisions concerning the coming into force of this Act, which may be in addition to or in place of the transitional and savings provisions of this Part:
(b)
to facilitate the bringing into force of any rules under this Act; and to remove any inconsistency between regulations or orders made under the Transport Act 1962:
(c)
providing that subject to such conditions as may be specified in the regulations, during a specified transitional period,—
(i)
specified provisions of this Act (including definitions) do not apply:
(ii)
specified terms have the meanings given to them by the regulations:
(iii)
specified provisions repealed or amended or revoked by this Act are to continue to apply:
(d)
prescribing matters that would otherwise be covered by rules made under section 158.
(2)
Regulations under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 216(1)(b): amended, on 29 June 2009, by section 28 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 216(1)(d): added, on 22 June 2005, by section 88 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77).
Section 216(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
217 Expiry of section 216
[Repealed]Section 217: repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 29 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
218 Regulations and other enactments having effect under this Act
(1)
The following regulations are to be treated as regulations made under this Act:
(a)
the Goods Service Vehicle (Constructional) Regulations 1936 (Reprinted SR 1961/94):
(b)
the Transport (Vehicular Traffic Road Closure) Regulations 1965 (SR 1965/63):
(c)
the Heavy Motor Vehicle Regulations 1974 (SR 1974/218):
(d)
the Traffic Regulations 1976 (SR 1976/227).
(e)
[Repealed](f)
[Repealed](g)
[Repealed](h)
[Repealed](i)
[Repealed](j)
[Repealed](2)
The following notices are to be treated as notices under section 2 or section 115 (as the case may be):
(a)
[Repealed](b)
the Transport (Breath Tests) Notice (No 2) 1989 (SR 1989/389):
(c)
[Repealed](d)
[Repealed](e)
the Transport (Approved Vehicle Surveillance Equipment) Notice 1994 (SR 1994/202):
(f)
[Repealed](g)
the Transport (Measurement of Weight) Notice 1997 (SR 1997/375).
(3)
The enactments specified in subsection (1) or subsection (2), which were made under the Transport Act 1962 or the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, may be amended from time to time under the corresponding empowering provision (if any) in this Act or (if there is no corresponding empowering provision in this Act) as if this section contained the relevant empowering provision (as it read immediately before the commencement of section 214).
(4)
Every regulation prescribing or providing for the fixing of fees and charges under the Transport Act 1962, the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989, or the Government Roading Powers Act 1989, and is in force immediately before the commencement of this section, continues to have effect and may be amended, revoked, or replaced under section 167.
Section 218(1)(e): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(1)(f): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(1)(g): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(1)(h): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(1)(i): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(1)(j): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(2)(a): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(2)(c): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(2)(d): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(2)(f): repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 30(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 218(4): amended, on 1 August 2012, by section 94 of the Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1).
Section 218(4): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
219 Expiry of section 218
[Repealed]Section 219: repealed, on 29 June 2009, by section 31 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
220 Rules having effect under this Act
All rules made under Part 2 of the Land Transport Act 1993 and in force immediately before the commencement of this section, and all rules made under that Part of that Act that are expressed to come into force on or after the commencement of this section, are to be treated as rules made under this Act.
221 Appointments
(1)
[Repealed](2)
The warrants of traffic officers appointed under the Transport Act 1962 are revoked.
(3)
Every member of the Board of the Agency who holds office as such immediately before the commencement of section 184 is to continue in office as if appointed under that section and, subject to that section, holds office until his or her appointment would have expired under the Land Transport Act 1993 if this Act had not been passed.
(4)
Every member of a regional land transport committee who holds office as such immediately before the commencement of section 178 is to continue in office as if appointed under that section and, subject to that section, holds office until his or her appointment would have expired under the Land Transport Act 1993 if this Act had not been passed.
(5)
Every person who, immediately before the commencement of this section, held office as a hazardous substances enforcement officer under section 70K of the Transport Act 1962 is deemed to have been appointed as a dangerous goods enforcement officer under section 208.
Section 221(1): repealed, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 221(3): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
222 Saving of certain land transport documents
(1)
All certificates, permits, licences, warrants of fitness, exemptions, notices, and other documents issued under the Transport Act 1962 (other than those documents to which any other provision of this Part applies) and in force immediately before the commencement of this section have effect for the purposes of this Act as if issued under this Act.
(2)
[Repealed]Section 222(2): repealed, on 1 April 2021, by section 20 of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
223 Transfer provisions for certain employees of Agency
(1)
This section applies to any person (the transferee) who,—
(a)
as an employee of the Agency, is or was engaged principally on duties relating to any 1 or more of the following matters:
(i)
(ii)
the administration or enforcement of road user charges under the Road User Charges Act 1977 or Part 2 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(iii)
the administration of fuel excise duty refunds under Part 5 of the Government Roading Powers Act 1989:
(iv)
the collection of revenue under the Road User Charges Act 1977, Part 1 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, or Part 5 of the Government Roading Powers Act 1989; and
(b)
becomes or is offered the opportunity to become an employee or director of—
(i)
any department or other part of the State services (as defined in section 2 of the State Sector Act 1988); or
(ii)
any company, partnership, or person—
to which the responsibility for any of the matters specified in paragraph (a) has been or is delegated, contracted, or otherwise transferred (the employer).
(2)
No transferee is entitled to any payment, benefit, or compensation, whether for redundancy or otherwise, by reason only of the transferee ceasing to be employed by the Agency if—
(a)
the transferee has been or is offered terms and conditions of employment that are similar in overall effect to those of the transferee with the Agency; and
(b)
the employer has agreed to treat the transferee’s service with the Agency as if it were service with the employer and as if it were continuous; and
(c)
the duties of the transferee are similar in overall effect to those of the transferee with the Agency or the transferee is willing to accept alternative duties.
(3)
Any transferee who, immediately before the transfer, was a contributor to the Government Superannuation Fund under the Government Superannuation Fund Act 1956 is, for purposes of that Act, deemed to be employed in the Government service so long as that person continues to be employed with, or be a director of, the employer.
(4)
Subject to the Government Superannuation Fund Act 1956, nothing in subsection (3) entitles a transferee to become a contributor to the Government Superannuation Fund after that transferee has ceased to be a contributor.
(5)
For the purposes of applying the Government Superannuation Fund Act 1956, in accordance with subsection (3), the term controlling authority, in relation to a transferee, means the employer.
Section 223 heading: amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 93 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 223 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(1)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 13 November 2003, by section 90 of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118).
Section 223(1)(a)(iii): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(1)(a)(iv): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(2): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(2)(a): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(2)(b): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 223(2)(c): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
224 Saving of certain notices issued by enforcement officers
A notice issued under subsection (2) or subsection (2A) of section 68B of the Transport Act 1962 and in force immediately before the commencement of this section has effect as if issued under section 115.
224A Saving of certain directions given by parking wardens
A direction under section 68BA(2) of the Transport Act 1962 that is in effect immediately before the commencement of this section is to be treated as if it were given under section 128E of this Act.
Section 224A: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 95 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
224B Savings of bylaws made under certain Acts
A bylaw made under the Local Government Act 1974 or the Transport Act 1962 that concerns a matter specified in section 22AB and that is in force immediately before the commencement of this section is to be treated as if it were made under section 22AB.
Section 224B: inserted, on 10 May 2011, by section 95 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
225 Savings relating to court orders, proceedings, etc
(1)
A proceeding, action, or investigation commenced under any provision of the Transport Act 1962 or Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986, that is pending or in progress immediately before the repeal of that provision by this Act, may be continued, completed, or enforced (as the case may require) as if that provision had not been repealed.
(2)
A certificate given or evidence produced under any provision of the Transport Act 1962 or Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 that is repealed by this Act, and given or produced before the commencement of this section for the purposes of any proceeding, action, or investigation to which subsection (1) applies, continues to be as admissible for the purposes of the proceeding, action, or investigation as it would be if this Act had not been passed.
(3)
A limited licence issued under section 38 of the Transport Act 1962 and in force immediately before the commencement of this section has effect as if issued under section 105 of this Act.
(4)
A court order made under any provision of the Transport Act 1962 or the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 that is repealed by this Act, which order is in force immediately before the repeal of that provision, has effect under the corresponding provision of this Act.
(5)
In any proceeding, action, or investigation to which subsection (1) applies, service of any document that was effected before the commencement of this section and in accordance with the Transport Act 1962 or Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 (as the case required) is sufficient service for the purposes of the continuation, completion, and enforcement of the proceeding, action, or investigation.
226 Saving of notices suspending driver licences
A notice given under section 48 of the Transport Act 1962 suspending a person’s driver licence under the demerit points system and in force immediately before the commencement of this section has effect as if given under section 90 of this Act.
227 Saving of demerit points
The number of demerit points recorded under section 44 of the Transport Act 1962 against any person and in force immediately before the commencement of this section have effect as if recorded under section 88 of this Act.
228 Saving of certain applications under Transport Act 1962
An application pending under any provision of the Transport Act 1962 that is repealed by this Act, which application is pending immediately before the repeal of that provision, may be determined under the corresponding provision of this Act.
229 Savings relating to rules and land transport strategies
(1)
Any action taken by or on behalf of the Minister before the commencement of this section under section 10(1) of the Land Transport Act 1993, which action was taken in relation to any proposed rule under that Act, is deemed to have been taken by the Minister under, and for the purposes of, section 161(2) of this Act before the making of the rule.
(2)
Any action taken by or on behalf of the Minister before the commencement of this section under section 29B of the Land Transport Act 1993, which action was taken in relation to any proposed national land transport strategy under that Act, is deemed to have been taken by the Minister under, and for the purposes of, section 171 of this Act before the making of the strategy.
(3)
Any national land transport strategy and regional land transport strategy in force under Part 3A of the Land Transport Act 1993 immediately before the commencement of Part 13 of this Act has effect as if made under that Part.
230 Savings relating to functions of Agency
(1)
The notice published in the Gazette (1993, at page 2626) under section 17(2) of the Land Transport Act 1993, specifying additional functions of the Agency, has effect as if given under section 190(2) of this Act.
(2)
The Authority’s performance agreement under section 21 of the Land Transport Act 1993, as it stood immediately before the commencement of sections 192 to 194 of this Act, has effect as if approved or determined or amended under those provisions.
(3)
The Authority’s service charter under section 22 of the Land Transport Act 1993, as it stood immediately before the commencement of section 195 of this Act, has effect as if prepared and made available to the public, or amended, under section 195.
Section 230 heading: amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
Section 230(1): amended, on 1 August 2008, by section 50(1) of the Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47).
231 Savings relating to blood specimens taken under Transport Act 1962
(1)
This section applies to blood specimens taken under section 58C or section 58D of the Transport Act 1962 before the commencement of this section.
(2)
A blood specimen to which this section applies may be analysed or the analysis of that blood specimen may be completed (as the case requires) under this Act by any approved analyst.
(3)
A certificate of the kind referred to in section 75(5) may, after the commencement of this section, be issued in respect of a blood specimen to which this section applies by any approved analyst.
(4)
No analysis under this Act of a blood specimen to which this section applies, and no certificate issued under this Act in respect of such a blood specimen, is invalid on the ground—
(a)
that the blood specimen was delivered or posted before the commencement of this section and was addressed to a ministry analyst (within the meaning of the Transport Act 1962); or
(b)
that the analysis was done or completed, or the certificate was issued, by an approved analyst who was not the ministry analyst to whom the blood specimen was delivered or posted, in accordance with subsection (3) or subsection (4) of section 58F of the Transport Act 1962, before the commencement of this Act; or
(c)
that the person who carried out or completed the analysis or issued the certificate is an approved analyst, regardless of whether or not that person was a ministry analyst (within the meaning of the Transport Act 1962) at the time the blood specimen was taken.
(5)
If any person makes an application under section 74 for a part of a blood specimen to which this section applies to be sent to a private analyst,—
(a)
the approved analyst who for the time being has custody of the blood specimen is deemed, for the purposes of section 74(5), to be the approved analyst to whom the blood specimen had been delivered or posted in accordance with subsection (3) or subsection (4) of that section; and
(b)
the approved analyst having such custody may give a certificate of the kind referred to in section 75(6), and no certificate so given is invalid on the ground that it was given by an approved analyst and not by a ministry analyst (within the meaning of the Transport Act 1962).
(6)
Where a certificate of the kind referred to in section 58G(1)(d) of the Transport Act 1962 has been issued for any blood specimen to which this section applies, a certificate under section 75 may, from time to time, after the commencement of this section, be issued in respect of that blood specimen by any approved analyst who has available to him or her the information that is necessary to enable that analyst to fully complete that certificate.
(7)
Section 58G(1) of the Transport Act 1962 applies in respect of any certificate issued under the authority of subsection (6) as if the certificate had been signed, before the commencement of this Act, by a ministry analyst (within the meaning of the Transport Act 1962).
232 Savings relating to blood specimens taken under this Act and posted in accordance with Transport Act 1962
(1)
This section applies to a blood specimen if that blood specimen—
(a)
is taken under section 72 or section 73 and posted by registered post in any package, parcel, or other container that is addressed to a ministry analyst (within the meaning of the Transport Act 1962); and
(b)
is received by an approved analyst (or person employed by an approved laboratory and approved for the purpose by an approved analyst).
(2)
Sections 74 and 75 apply in all respects to a blood specimen to which this section applies as if—
(a)
that blood specimen had been delivered to an approved analyst (or a person employed by an approved laboratory and approved for the purpose by an approved analyst) in a package properly addressed to the approved analyst; and
(b)
that approved analyst is deemed to be the approved analyst notified under section 74(4)(b); and
(c)
any certificate of the kind referred to in section 75(4) that certifies that the blood specimen was sent or caused to be sent by registered post to a ministry analyst (within the meaning of the Transport Act 1962) is deemed to certify that the specimen was sent or caused to be sent to a specified approved analyst in accordance with section 74.
Part 17 Motor vehicle registration and licensing
Part 17: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Preliminary provisions
Heading: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
233 Interpretation matters applying to this Part
(1)
In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,—
accident insurance levy means the appropriate levy payable under section 214 of the Accident Compensation Act 2001
enforcement authority, in relation to an infringement offence under this Part, means—
(a)
the New Zealand Police:
(b)
the Agency or the Director, if an infringement notice is issued by an employee of the Agency or by a person acting on behalf of the Agency or the Director:
(c)
a local authority, if an infringement notice is issued by an employee of the local authority or by a person acting on behalf of the local authority:
(d)
the Registrar
motor vehicle (synthetic greenhouse gas) levy means the levy payable under section 227(1)(a) of the Climate Change Response Act 2002
ordinary plate means a registration plate that must be displayed on a motor vehicle unless a personalised plate or a trade plate is issued for display on the motor vehicle
personal information means the following information about a person registered or previously registered in respect of a motor vehicle:
(a)
their name:
(b)
their physical address:
(c)
an electronic address that the person has given to an enforcement authority (or, otherwise, the person’s last known electronic address):
(d)
if the person is an individual, their date of birth and driver licence number:
(e)
any other information about the person that is on the register
personalised plate means a registration plate with a single letter or number or combination of letters, numbers, or letters and numbers allocated under section 259
prescribed fees means the applicable fees and charges prescribed by regulations made under this Part and, in relation to a particular application or notification under this Part, prescribed fee means the fee or charge, if any, prescribed for that application or notification (subject to section 270(5))
registered person means a person registered under this Part in respect of a motor vehicle and, in relation to a particular motor vehicle, means the person registered in respect of that vehicle
Registrar means the person appointed by the Minister to be the Registrar of Motor Vehicles, and includes, where appropriate,—
(a)
any person to whom the Registrar has delegated any of the powers, duties, or functions of the Registrar under this Part:
(b)
any person for the time being authorised by the Registrar to perform any specified function of the Registrar under this Part
registration plate—
(a)
(b)
includes ordinary plates, supplementary plates, personalised plates, and trade plates
sale, in relation to a motor vehicle, means the disposition or change of ownership of the motor vehicle, whether or not for consideration, and includes disposition by way of hire purchase; and sell, seller, acquirer, and purchaser have corresponding meanings
supplementary plate means a registration plate that matches an ordinary plate or a personalised plate issued for a motor vehicle
tractor means a motor vehicle (other than a traction engine) designed principally for traction at speeds not exceeding 50 kilometres per hour
trade plate means a registration plate issued to a person or class of persons for the purposes specified by the Minister by notice under section 261
trailer means a vehicle without its own power source that is capable of being drawn or propelled by a motor vehicle from which it is readily detachable, but does not include—
(a)
a sidecar attached to a motorcycle; or
(b)
a vehicle normally propelled by mechanical power while it is being temporarily towed without the use of its own power.
(2)
Except in proceedings for an offence against this Part or regulations made under this Part, a question as to whether a motor vehicle is of a particular design or type for the purposes of this Part or of regulations made under this Part must be determined by the Registrar.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 2
Section 233: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 233(1) accident insurance levy: amended, on 3 March 2010, pursuant to section 5(1)(b) of the Accident Compensation Amendment Act 2010 (2010 No 1).
Section 233(1) enforcement authority paragraph (b): replaced, on 1 April 2021, by section 126 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Section 233(1) moped: repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 96(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 233(1) motor vehicle (synthetic greenhouse gas) levy: inserted, on 1 January 2013, by section 103 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 89).
Section 233(1) motorcycle: repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 96(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Section 233(1) personal information: replaced, on 1 March 2024, by section 35 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 233(1) trade plate: amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Register of motor vehicles
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
234 Register of motor vehicles
(1)
The Registrar must continue and maintain the register of all motor vehicles for which registration plates are issued.
(2)
In any proceedings, the contents of the register are proved by the production of a certificate indicating its contents if signed by the Registrar or a person acting under a delegation from—
(a)
the Registrar; or
(b)
an enforcement authority.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 18
Section 234: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
235 Purposes of register
The purposes of the register are to facilitate—
(a)
enforcement of the law:
(b)
maintenance of the security of New Zealand:
(c)
collection of charges imposed or authorised by an enactment:
(d)
administration and development of transport law and policy.
Section 235: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
236 Application for information from register
(1)
Any person may apply to the Registrar, in relation to a specified motor vehicle, for—
(a)
access to the following information from the register:
(i)
information on that motor vehicle:
(ii)
personal information:
(b)
confirmation that certain information matches personal information on the register, as provided for in section 238.
(2)
The application must be—
(a)
made in accordance with any regulations made under this Part; and
(b)
accompanied by the prescribed fee.
(3)
The person who receives the application must make and keep, in the form provided by the Registrar for the purpose, a record of the application and of the information supplied.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 19(1), (2)
Section 236: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
237 Entitlement to receive information
(1)
A person who applies for information under section 236 is entitled to receive information from the register in relation to a specified motor vehicle.
(2)
However, the Registrar may not disclose personal information about an individual unless the Registrar is satisfied that—
(a)
the person applying for the information is that individual; or
(b)
the information is required for a purpose specified in section 235; or
(c)
the information is within the exception specified in section 241; or
(d)
the information may be disclosed under an enactment.
(3)
Information from the register must not be supplied unless—
(a)
the prescribed fee is paid; or
(b)
the Registrar is satisfied that satisfactory arrangements have been made for payment of that fee.
(4)
The Registrar must, at the request of an individual, supply to the individual—
(a)
the name of any person to whom personal information about the individual has been disclosed under—
(i)
subsection (2)(c); or
(ii)
subsection (2)(d), but only if the enactment in question was the Official Information Act 1982 or the Privacy Act 2020; and
(b)
the purpose of any such disclosure.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 19(1), (3)
Section 237: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 237(4)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 December 2020, by section 217 of the Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31).
238 Registrar may confirm or deny match of information
(1)
If an application is made under section 236(1)(b) for confirmation of personal information, the Registrar may confirm or deny that the person specified by the applicant is registered in respect of the motor vehicle specified by the applicant.
(2)
To avoid doubt, the Registrar—
(a)
may use associated data provided by the applicant such as (in the case of an individual) the date of birth or driver licence number for the purpose of confirming or denying that a specified person is registered in respect of a specified motor vehicle; but
(b)
may only confirm or deny, as permitted by subsection (1).
Section 238: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
239 Further restrictions
(1)
Despite section 237, for a period of up to 28 days the Registrar may decline to supply information if the Registrar is considering whether to exercise the power provided for in subsection (2).
(2)
The Registrar may grant confidential status in respect of a specified motor vehicle if the Registrar certifies that the supply of personal information or information on that motor vehicle would be likely to prejudice—
(a)
the security or defence of New Zealand:
(b)
the international relations of the Government of New Zealand:
(c)
the maintenance of the law, including the detection, investigation, and prevention of offences:
(d)
the right to a fair trial of any person:
(e)
the privacy or personal safety of any person.
(3)
The Registrar must decline to supply personal information or information on a motor vehicle if the Registrar has granted confidential status under subsection (2).
(4)
Despite subsection (3), information from the register—
(a)
may be supplied for the purposes set out in section 235(a) to (c) if the supply of the information is approved by the Registrar; and
(b)
must be released if disclosure is—
(i)
required by another enactment; or
(ii)
to the Police at the request of the Commissioner of Police.
(iii)
[Repealed](5)
In considering under subsection (4)(a) whether to approve a supply of information, the Registrar must—
(a)
consult any agency that provided advice in support of the granting of confidential status in respect of the vehicle or vehicles to which the information relates; and
(b)
have regard to the reasons for which that status was granted.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 19(4), (5)
Section 239: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 239(4)(b)(iii): repealed, on 1 January 2024, by section 7 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
240 Complaints procedure
(1)
Complaints may be made to the Attorney-General against a decision of the Registrar made under section 239(1) or (2).
(2)
The Attorney-General may investigate a complaint and either—
(a)
confirm the decision of the Registrar that was the subject of the complaint; or
(b)
if the Attorney-General considers that the complaint is valid, reverse the Registrar’s decision.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 19(5A)
Section 240: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
241 Authorised access to name and address only
(1)
After consulting with the Privacy Commissioner, the Chief Ombudsman, and the Commissioner of Police, the Secretary may, by notice in the Gazette, authorise specified persons or classes of persons to have access to the names, addresses, and electronic addresses (if any) of persons registered in respect of motor vehicles and information on those vehicles—
(a)
for specified purposes (in addition to the purposes recognised by section 235); and
(b)
on conditions that the Secretary thinks fit; and
(c)
for a specified event or specified period of time not exceeding 5 years.
(2)
The Secretary may, as the Secretary thinks fit, cancel or amend by notice in the Gazette a notice published under subsection (1).
(3)
An application for authorisation under subsection (1) must be—
(a)
made to the Secretary in accordance with any regulations made under this Part; and
(b)
accompanied by the prescribed fee.
(4)
The Secretary must decide whether to approve the application, and must inform the applicant of the Secretary’s decision, within a reasonable time after receiving the information reasonably required to make the decision.
(5)
The Secretary may refuse to consider the application if the Secretary believes that it is vexatious or frivolous.
(6)
The Registrar may withhold the names and addresses of registered persons from a person authorised by a notice published under subsection (1) until the Registrar is satisfied that—
(a)
the names and addresses will be—
(i)
kept secure by that person and the person’s agents, if any; and
(ii)
used only for the purpose specified in the notice published under subsection (1); and
(b)
provision of the names and addresses will not compromise the purpose of any confidential status granted under section 239; and
(c)
any conditions specified in that notice will be complied with.
(7)
An authorisation under subsection (1) does not authorise any person or class of person to have access to the names and addresses of persons—
(a)
who were previously registered in respect of motor vehicles; or
(b)
who have notified the Registrar, in accordance with any regulations made under this Part, that they do not wish to have their names and addresses made available under subsection (1).
Section 241: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(4) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 241(1): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 36(1) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 241(2): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 36(2) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 241(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 36(3)(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 241(4): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 36(3)(b) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Section 241(6)(a)(i): amended, on 1 March 2024, by section 36(4) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Registration and licensing requirements
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
242 Motor vehicles must be registered and licensed
(1)
A motor vehicle must not be operated on a road unless the motor vehicle—
(a)
is registered and licensed in accordance with this Part; and
(b)
has affixed to it and displayed in the manner prescribed by regulations made under this Part the registration plates issued for it; and
(c)
has displayed in the manner prescribed by regulations made under this Part a current licence issued for it and appropriate for its use under section 244.
(2)
The person registered in respect of a motor vehicle in accordance with this Part must—
(a)
keep the motor vehicle licensed at all times in accordance with this Part; and
(b)
ensure that the prescribed fees and accident insurance levies are paid for the time that the motor vehicle is required to be licensed (whether or not it is actually licensed).
(3)
Subsections (1) and (2) do not override any provisions of this Part or of regulations made under this Part that provide expressly for a motor vehicle to be operated on a road otherwise than in accordance with subsections (1) and (2).
(4)
A motor vehicle that is a registered motor vehicle under the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 or any corresponding former Act immediately before the commencement of this Part is to be treated as if it were registered under this Part.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 5(1), (1A), (5)
Section 242: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 242(1)(b): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 100 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 242(1)(c): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 100 of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
243 Application for registration
(1)
An application for registration of a motor vehicle must be—
(a)
made by or on behalf of the owner to the Registrar in accordance with any regulations made under this Part; and
(b)
accompanied by—
(i)
the prescribed fee; and
(ii)
an application for a licence for the motor vehicle.
(1A)
An application for registration of a motor vehicle must also be accompanied by the amount of the motor vehicle (synthetic greenhouse gas) levy for the motor vehicle if required under section 227(1)(a) of the Climate Change Response Act 2002.
(1B)
[Repealed](2)
The only persons who may be registered in respect of motor vehicles are—
(a)
a natural person of or over 15 years of age; or
(b)
a body corporate; or
(c)
an agent of the Executive Government of New Zealand.
(3)
If more than 1 person owns a motor vehicle, only 1 of them may be registered in respect of that vehicle at any given time.
(4)
Unless the registration is cancelled under this Part, the registration of a motor vehicle continues in force without renewal.
(5)
In relation to a vehicle treated by virtue of section 242(4) as if it were registered under this Part,—
(a)
the person registered as the owner of the vehicle immediately before the commencement of this section is to be treated as being registered in respect of the vehicle under this Part; and
(b)
if there is more than 1 such person, each of them is to be treated as being so registered (accordingly, subsection (3) does not apply until there is to be a change of registered person).
Compare: 1986 No 6 ss 6A, 7(1), (1A), (2), (3), (4), 8(2), 22(3)
Section 243: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 243(1A): inserted, on 1 January 2013, by section 103 of the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 89).
Section 243(1B): repealed, on 1 January 2024, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
244 Application for, and issuing of, licence
(1)
An application for a licence for a motor vehicle must be made to the Registrar by or on behalf of the person registered (or to be registered) in respect of the vehicle in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
(2)
As soon as practicable after receiving a completed application under subsection (1), together with the prescribed fees and accident insurance levies, the Registrar must, if satisfied that the application is in order, issue the appropriate licence for the motor vehicle—
(a)
in accordance with any regulations made under this Part; and
(b)
for a licensing period specified in any regulations made under this Part.
(3)
A licence must not be issued for a motor vehicle that is not registered in accordance with section 242.
(4)
In relation to a vehicle treated by virtue of section 242(4) as if it were registered under this Part, a licence issued for the vehicle under the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 and in force immediately before the commencement of this section continues to have effect as if it had been issued for the vehicle under this Part.
Compare: 1986 No 6 ss 10(1), (2), 13(1)–(3)
Section 244: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
245 Commencement of licence
Except as otherwise prescribed by regulations made under this Part, a licence commences,—
(a)
in the case of a newly registered motor vehicle, on the day of its registration; or
(b)
on the day after the expiry of the previous licence.
Section 245: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
246 Change of use of motor vehicle
(1)
If a motor vehicle is to be used for a purpose other than that indicated by the existing licence, the person registered in respect of the motor vehicle must, without delay, apply for the appropriate new licence.
(2)
The issue of a new licence must be in accordance with regulations made under this Part.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 16(1)
Section 246: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(5) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Change of registered person on sale or other disposition
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
247 Obligations of sellers and acquirers of motor vehicles
(1)
After the sale of a registered motor vehicle,—
(a)
the person registered in respect of the vehicle at the time of sale must, without delay, notify the Registrar of the particulars required by any regulations made under this Part; and
(b)
the person who acquires a motor vehicle must, without delay, notify the Registrar of the particulars required by any regulations made under this Part.
(2)
A person must, without delay, notify the Registrar of the particulars required by any regulations made under this Part, if that person acquires a motor vehicle—
(a)
by means other than the sale of that vehicle; and
(b)
in a manner specified in any regulations made under this Part.
(3)
A notification required by this section must be made in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
Section 247: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(6) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
248 Prohibition against use of motor vehicle
(1)
This section applies if an enforcement officer or a parking warden believes on reasonable grounds that—
(a)
a person driving a motor vehicle on a road has committed an offence in relation to which an officer or warden has enforcement powers under this Act or another enactment; and
(b)
the motor vehicle is not registered under this Part in the name of the current owner of the motor vehicle or with the current address of that person.
(2)
The enforcement officer or parking warden may give to the driver or owner of the motor vehicle, if present, or affix or cause to be affixed to the motor vehicle, a notice in the form approved by the Registrar for the purpose directing that the motor vehicle—
(a)
be removed from the road immediately; and
(b)
not be driven on a road for as long as the notice is in force in accordance with subsection (3).
(3)
A notice given under subsection (2)—
(a)
comes into effect at 11.59 pm on the working day after the day when the notice is issued (unless the name and current address of the owner are registered before that time); and
(b)
remains in force until the motor vehicle has been registered in the name and current address of the owner.
(4)
Where more than 1 person owns a motor vehicle, reference in this section to the owner is to any 1 of those persons.
Section 248: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
249 Circumstances when motor vehicle may be seized and impounded
(1)
An enforcement officer may seize and impound, or seize and authorise the impoundment of, a motor vehicle if the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person has driven the motor vehicle on a road while a notice given under section 248(2) was in force.
(2)
If a motor vehicle is seized and impounded under subsection (1), the enforcement officer must issue to the driver of the motor vehicle, if present, and to the storage provider, copies of a notice in the form approved by the Registrar for the purpose that—
(a)
acknowledges that the specified motor vehicle has been seized and impounded; and
(b)
sets out the following matters (if the particulars are reasonably ascertainable):
(i)
the name and address of the driver; and
(ia)
the electronic address of the driver (if the driver has an electronic address); and
(ii)
the year and make of the motor vehicle, and the details of its registration plates or vehicle identification number; and
(iii)
the date and time of the seizure; and
(iv)
the place where the motor vehicle is, or is to be, impounded; and
(v)
an outline of the driver’s rights of appeal under section 267.
Section 249: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 249(2)(b)(ia): inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 37 of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
250 Personal property
Personal property (other than property attached to or used in connection with the operation of the motor vehicle) present in a motor vehicle at the time of its seizure and impoundment under section 249 must be released—
(a)
on request made at the time of the seizure, to a person who produces satisfactory evidence that he or she was lawfully entitled to possess the motor vehicle or the personal property immediately before the motor vehicle was seized and impounded; or
(b)
subsequently, to—
(i)
the owner of the personal property; or
(ii)
a person acting on behalf of the owner of the personal property, if the person produces satisfactory evidence of the owner’s consent to the property being released to that person.
Section 250: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
251 Storage of impounded motor vehicles
(1)
A motor vehicle seized and impounded under section 249 must be stored as and where the enforcement officer directs.
(2)
The owner of the impounded motor vehicle is liable for the fees and charges incurred for towage and storage.
(3)
The local authority or storage provider, as the case may be, is entitled to recover the due fees and charges from the owner of the motor vehicle.
(4)
Subsections (2) and (3) do not limit or affect any rights that may be exercised by the vehicle recovery service operator, the storage provider, or the local authority against the owner of the motor vehicle, or in respect of the motor vehicle.
(5)
No person may remove or release an impounded motor vehicle from storage, unless that is permitted under this Act.
(6)
For the purpose of this section, the Commissioner, a person authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner, or a local authority may, as that person thinks necessary, enter into appropriate arrangements with vehicle recovery service operators and storage providers.
Section 251: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
252 Release of motor vehicle
(1)
The owner of a motor vehicle that has been seized and impounded under section 249, or a person authorised for the purpose by the owner, is entitled to recover the motor vehicle from storage by—
(a)
showing to an enforcement officer—
(i)
proof of the owner’s identity and either—
(A)
the certificate of registration of the motor vehicle in the name of that owner; or
(B)
proof that the owner has supplied to the Registrar the details required under section 247(1); and
(ii)
proof that no fines for which an owner is liable, and that were incurred while the owner owned the motor vehicle, are in default; and
(b)
paying the towage and storage fees and charges.
(2)
The storage provider must release the motor vehicle as soon as practicable after the requirements of subsection (1) have been satisfied.
(3)
An enforcement officer must order the release of an impounded motor vehicle to the owner of the motor vehicle, or a person authorised for the purpose by the owner, as soon as practicable after receiving evidence that the motor vehicle was registered in the name of that owner and with the current address of that owner, at the time of its impoundment.
(4)
The owner of a motor vehicle released under subsection (3) is not liable to pay the fees and charges for towing and storing the motor vehicle.
Section 252: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
253 Disposal of motor vehicle
(1)
This section applies to a motor vehicle seized and impounded under section 249 if the motor vehicle is not released within 10 working days of its impoundment.
(2)
The storage provider with possession of the motor vehicle may dispose of the motor vehicle in accordance with subsection (3) or (5), as appropriate.
(3)
A storage provider that is not a local authority may—
(a)
apply to an enforcement officer authorised for the purpose by the Commissioner for approval to dispose of a motor vehicle under subsection (2); and
(b)
with the enforcement officer’s written approval, dispose of the motor vehicle on such terms and conditions as the officer thinks fit.
(4)
If approval is given under subsection (3) for the disposal of a motor vehicle, the storage provider becomes the owner of the motor vehicle for all purposes.
(5)
A storage provider that is a local authority may dispose of a motor vehicle under subsection (2) in accordance with section 356A(7), (8), and (9) of the Local Government Act 1974.
(6)
However, before disposing of a motor vehicle under subsection (3) or (5), a storage provider must—
(a)
search the personal property securities register to identify every person with a security interest in the motor vehicle; and
(b)
notify in writing every person with a security interest in the motor vehicle.
(7)
For the purposes of subsection (6), security interest has the same meaning as in section 17 of the Personal Property Securities Act 1999.
Section 253: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
254 Impounded motor vehicle not to be damaged
(1)
This section applies to a person authorised by an enforcement officer to—
(a)
enter a motor vehicle for the purpose of moving it or preparing it for movement; or
(b)
impound a motor vehicle.
(2)
The person referred to in subsection (1) must do everything reasonably necessary to ensure that the motor vehicle and personal property in or on the motor vehicle are not damaged.
Section 254: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(7) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Cancellation of registration
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(8) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
255 Cancellation of registration
The Registrar may cancel the registration of a registered motor vehicle in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
Section 255: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(8) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
256 Discretion to refund fees
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
the Registrar cancels the registration of a motor vehicle under section 255; or
(b)
a person surrenders a trade plate before the expiry of that plate and the Registrar considers it appropriate to exercise the power specified in subsection (2).
(2)
If this section applies, the Registrar may, without further authority than this section, refund or cause to be refunded out of a Crown Bank Account an amount equal to the amount of the—
(a)
licence fee paid for the period for which registration is cancelled:
(b)
trade plate fee paid for the period for which the trade plate is surrendered.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 27(2)
Section 256: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(8) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Registration plates
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(9) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
257 Issue of plates and certificates of registration
(1)
The Registrar must, if satisfied that an application for registration of a motor vehicle made in accordance with regulations made under this Part is in order,—
(a)
in the case of ordinary plates,—
(i)
assign numbers, letters, a distinguishing mark, or a combination of any of these for the ordinary plates that are to be affixed to the motor vehicle; and
(ii)
issue to the applicant an ordinary plate or plates for the motor vehicle; and
(b)
in the case of personalised plates, issue the unique numbers, letters, distinguishing marks, or combination of any of these assigned for use on the plates that are to be affixed to the motor vehicle; and
(c)
issue a certificate of registration for the motor vehicle.
(2)
A new number or distinguishing mark may be assigned to the motor vehicle if new ordinary plates are issued for it.
(3)
Ordinary plates issued under this section must be displayed on the motor vehicle unless personalised plates or trade plates are displayed in accordance with this Part or regulations made under this Part.
(4)
A person to whom registration plates are issued under this section must, at the discretion of the Registrar, surrender any existing registration plates for that motor vehicle to the Registrar.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 8(1)–(3)
Section 257: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(9) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
258 Supplementary plates
(1)
A registered person may apply to the Registrar for supplementary plates in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
(2)
Supplementary plates must be issued and displayed in accordance with any such regulations.
Section 258: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(10) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
259 Contract to dispose of rights to personalised plates
(1)
The Registrar may, after consulting with the Minister, enter into a contract to authorise a person to sell or otherwise dispose of the exclusive right to 1 or more letters or numbers, or a combination of both, allocated in accordance with regulations made under this Part for use on personalised plates.
(2)
Nothing in subsection (1) limits the number of contracts that may be in force under this section at any given time (whether in respect of the same or different letters or numbers or combinations of both).
(3)
A contract that was entered into under section 9 of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 and is in force immediately before commencement of this section is deemed to have been entered into under and in accordance with this section.
(4)
A contract entered into (or deemed to have been entered into) under this section may be terminated by either party on giving reasonable notice to the other party, despite anything to the contrary in the contract or elsewhere.
(5)
If no contract is in force under this section in respect of particular letters or numbers or combinations of both, the Registrar is the person entitled to sell or dispose of the exclusive right to those letters or numbers or combinations of both for use on personalised plates.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 9(2), (5)
Section 259: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(11) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
260 Acquisition and disposal of personalised plates
(1)
A person who wishes to purchase or otherwise acquire personalised plates, or the exclusive right specified in section 259, may—
(a)
apply to the authorised person referred to in section 259—
(i)
to purchase the exclusive right specified in section 259; or
(ii)
to convert the existing registration plates of a motor vehicle to personalised plates bearing the same combination of letters and numbers as the existing plates; or
(b)
purchase that exclusive right on the open market, whether or not the personalised plates have been manufactured.
(2)
A person who purchases or otherwise acquires personalised plates, or the exclusive right specified in section 259, may—
(a)
sell or otherwise dispose of them to any other person; or
(b)
transfer them between motor vehicles owned by that person; or
(c)
surrender them for ordinary plates.
(3)
Despite anything in subsections (1) and (2), a person transferring, selling, disposing of, acquiring, or surrendering personalised plates must transfer, sell, dispose of, acquire, or surrender the plates in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
(4)
Personalised plates must be issued in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
Compare: 1986 No 6 ss 9A, 9B, 9C
Section 260: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(11) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
261 Eligibility for trade plates
(1)
The Minister may, by notice,—
(a)
declare the persons or classes of persons who are eligible to apply for and receive trade plates; and
(b)
prescribe the purpose for which trade plates may be used; and
(c)
remove the eligibility of persons or classes of persons to apply for and receive or to use trade plates.
(2)
A notice under this section is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | The maker must publish it in the Gazette | LA19 ss 73, 74(1)(a), Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| Presentation | It is not required to be presented to the House of Representatives because a transitional exemption applies under Schedule 1 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 261: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(12) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 261(1): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 261(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
262 Application for trade plates
(1)
A person who is, or who is within a class of persons, eligible to receive trade plates may apply to the Registrar for trade plates.
(2)
An application must be—
(a)
made in accordance with any regulations made under this Part; and
(b)
accompanied by—
(i)
the prescribed fee; and
(ii)
the accident insurance levy.
(3)
Trade plates must be issued and used in accordance with any regulations made under this Part.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 30(2), (3)
Section 262: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(12) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
263 Transitional provision for existing registration plates
Registration plates issued under the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 or any corresponding Act are to be treated as registration plates issued under this Part.
Section 263: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(12) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
General provisions relating to registration and licensing
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(13) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
264 Replacement of certificate of registration, licence, or registration plates
(1)
If the certificate of registration, licence, or registration plates for a motor vehicle have been lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed, the registered person may, in accordance with any regulations made under this Part, apply for a replacement or duplicate of the certificate of registration, licence, or registration plates.
(2)
The Registrar may, if satisfied that subsection (1) applies and that the application is complete, issue (in accordance with any regulations made under this Part) a replacement or duplicate of the certificate of registration, licence, or registration plates.
(3)
In the case of registration plates,—
(a)
the replacement or duplicate must have the same letters, numbers, distinguishing marks or combination of letters, numbers or distinguishing marks as were assigned to the plates that were lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed; but
(b)
nothing in this section requires the Registrar to issue an exact replica of those plates (for example, in terms of colour, format, font, or size).
Section 264: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(13) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
265 Surrender and seizure of registration plates and facsimile plates
(1)
The Registrar may order the surrender of—
(a)
any registration plates if the Registrar is satisfied that the plates—
(i)
are affixed to a motor vehicle other than the motor vehicle to which they may be lawfully affixed; or
(ii)
being ordinary plates, are not affixed to a motor vehicle; or
(iii)
have been issued in error or are being used (or are likely to be used) unlawfully; or
(b)
personalised plates if the Registrar has received a complaint about the plates and considers they are likely to cause offence or confusion; or
(c)
facsimile plates.
(2)
An enforcement officer may seize any registration plates if the enforcement officer is satisfied that the plates—
(a)
are affixed to a motor vehicle other than the motor vehicle to which they may be lawfully affixed; or
(b)
being ordinary plates, are not affixed to a motor vehicle; or
(c)
have been issued in error or are being used (or are likely to be used) unlawfully; or
(d)
have been ordered by the Registrar to be surrendered under subsection (1) or in accordance with any regulations.
(3)
An enforcement officer may seize and destroy any facsimile plates.
(4)
For the purposes of subsections (1)(c) and (3), facsimile plate means any thing that is not a registration plate but is made to appear as if it is a registration plate.
Compare: 1986 No 6 ss 8(4), 9D(3)
Section 265: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(13) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
266 Registrar may prohibit or decline to issue plates
The Registrar may, in accordance with regulations made under this Part,—
(a)
prohibit the use of certain numbers, letters, or combinations of numbers or letters on personalised plates:
(b)
decline to issue supplementary plates:
(c)
decline to issue trade plates.
Section 266: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(13) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
267 Appeal to District Court
(1)
A person may appeal to the District Court against a specified decision made under this Part by the Registrar or an enforcement officer if the person—
(a)
is a person in respect of whom the decision was made; and
(b)
is dissatisfied with the decision.
(2)
The Court may confirm, reverse, or modify the specified decision appealed against.
(3)
Every specified decision appealed against under this section continues in force pending the determination of the appeal, and no person is excused from complying with this Part on the ground that an appeal is pending.
(4)
For the purposes of this section, a specified decision means a decision to—
(a)
seize and impound a motor vehicle under section 249:
(b)
refuse to issue a supplementary plate or a trade plate in accordance with regulations made under this Part:
(c)
require the surrender of ordinary plates, personalised plates, supplementary plates, or trade plates in accordance with section 265 or any regulations made under this Part:
(d)
seize plates under section 265(2).
Section 267: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(14) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 267(1): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 261 of the District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49).
Offences and penalties
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(15) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
268 Infringement offences
An enforcement authority may, in relation to infringement offences against regulations made under this Part, exercise the powers specified in sections 138 to 141.
Section 268: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(15) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Regulations
Heading: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(16) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
269 Regulations
(1)
The Governor-General may, by Order in Council, make regulations—
(a)
providing for—
(i)
the licensing and registration of motor vehicles, including (but not limited to)—
(A)
the requirements for eligibility:
(B)
cancellation:
(C)
correction of errors or inaccuracies:
(D)
cases where particulars need not be recorded on the register:
(ii)
the provision (at the request of the Registrar or otherwise) of relevant information, documents, or evidence, including (but not limited to)—
(A)
a statutory declaration by the person to be registered in respect of a motor vehicle that the person is the owner of the motor vehicle:
(B)
evidence of a person’s identity (such as a driver licence):
(C)
the certificate of registration for a motor vehicle:
(D)
a statutory declaration by an appropriate person explaining the circumstances in which a certificate, licence, or plate was lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed:
(E)
a statutory declaration by the person applying for supplementary plates that states the intended use of the supplementary plates:
(F)
evidence, from a person authorised by the Registrar, that a vehicle subject to a registration application belongs to a particular class of vehicle and that it complies with the standards applicable to that class:
(iii)
the manufacture, issuing, cancellation, refusal to issue, or surrender of registration plates:
(iiia)
the manufacture or production (including electronic production), issuing, cancellation, refusal to issue, or surrender of licences:
(iv)
the refusal to allocate numbers, letters, or combinations of numbers or letters for use on personalised plates:
(b)
exempting, or authorising the Registrar to exempt, a motor vehicle or person, or a specified category or class of motor vehicles or persons, from—
(i)
any specified requirements of this Part or of regulations made under this Part:
(ii)
any prescribed fees:
(c)
imposing, or authorising the Registrar to impose, conditions in respect of—
(i)
the use of licences or registration plates:
(ii)
the operation of a registered motor vehicle on a road:
(iii)
any matter provided for in regulations made under this Part:
(d)
making provision, or authorising the Registrar to make provision, for applications or notifications permitted or required by this Part (for example, about their form and content or the manner of their delivery):
(e)
prescribing the registration requirements and particulars that the seller and acquirer of a motor vehicle must meet and supply, and the functions of the Registrar if there is a change in the ownership of a registered motor vehicle:
(f)
permitting, or authorising the Registrar to permit, a change of registered person in a case where more than 1 person owns a motor vehicle and the joint owners wish to change which of them is the registered person:
(g)
prescribing, or authorising the Registrar to prescribe, the form of certificates of registration or other forms required for the purposes of this Part:
(h)
prescribing, or authorising the Registrar to prescribe, in relation to registration plates,—
(i)
the form, colour, and material of registration plates; and
(ii)
the size, shape, and character of the numbers, letters, messages, symbols, distinguishing marks, or slogans to be shown on registration plates; and
(iii)
the means to make registration plates easily visible; and
(iv)
the number of registration plates to be displayed and the position and manner in which they are to be displayed; and
(v)
the eligibility requirements for registration plates; and
(vi)
the duration of registration plates:
(ha)
prescribing, or authorising the Registrar to prescribe, in relation to licences,—
(i)
the form (including electronic form), colour, and material and design of licences; and
(ii)
the size, shape, and character of the numbers, letters, messages, symbols, distinguishing marks, or slogans to be shown on licences; and
(iii)
the means to make licences easily visible or electronically accessible; and
(iv)
the number of licences to be displayed and the position and manner (which may include electronic manner) in which licences are to be displayed; and
(v)
the eligibility requirements for licences and licence labels; and
(vi)
the duration of licences:
(i)
specifying the circumstances and conditions in which personalised plates may be sold or otherwise transferred:
(j)
authorising the Registrar to enter the particulars of a change of ownership of a motor vehicle under section 247 or of personalised plates or of trade plates on the register, even if a party has failed to comply with the requirements of section 247 or any regulations made under this Part, and prescribing the circumstances in which such particulars may be entered:
(k)
specifying offences for the purposes of this Part:
(l)
specifying infringement offences for the purposes of this Part:
(m)
setting out defences to any offences specified under paragraph (k) or (l):
(n)
setting out the maximum penalty for each offence specified under paragraph (k), which,—
(i)
in the case of an individual, may be a fine not exceeding $10,000; and
(ii)
in the case of a body corporate, may be a fine not exceeding $50,000:
(o)
setting the infringement fee for each offence specified under paragraph (l), which,—
(i)
in the case of an individual, may not exceed $2,000; and
(ii)
in the case of a body corporate, may not exceed $10,000:
(p)
prescribing fees or charges payable in respect of—
(i)
any application made, or other matter undertaken, under this Part:
(ii)
any transfer of personalised plates:
(q)
prescribing fees or charges to cover the costs of—
(i)
providing information from, or administrative services related to, the register:
(ii)
producing and issuing licences and registration plates:
(iii)
replacement certificates, licences, or registration plates:
(r)
identifying those fees and charges that are land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003:
(s)
providing for unpaid fees and charges to be recoverable as a debt due to the Crown:
(sa)
setting the number of demerit points to be recorded in respect of an offence that concerns the driving of a motor vehicle:
(t)
providing for such other matters as are contemplated by or necessary for giving full effect to the provisions of this Part and for its due administration.
(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), regulations may—
(a)
define a class of motor vehicles by reference to—
(i)
the actual or intended motor vehicle usage:
(ii)
ownership by a specified class of owner or by persons or classes of persons approved for the purpose by the Registrar:
(iii)
loss of possession or control, whether because of theft or another specified reason:
(b)
provide that if a registered person applies for an exemption from the requirement in section 242(2) later than 60 days after the expiry of the latest licence issued for the relevant motor vehicle, the person is liable to pay the proportion of the annual licence fee for that motor vehicle for the period—
(i)
commencing on the day after the date of expiry of the former licence; and
(ii)
ending on the close of the day immediately before the date when the application for an exemption is lodged:
(c)
authorise the Registrar to grant an exemption from any requirements or prescribed fees referred to in subsection (1)(b) if the Registrar is satisfied that for any reason the motor vehicle to which the application relates will not be operated on a road while the exemption has effect:
(d)
provide that exemptions referred to in subsection (1)(b) have effect, in each case, for the period that the Registrar thinks fit, unless any limitations are imposed by the regulations made under this Part:
(e)
provide that exemptions from the requirements in section 242(1) or (2) have no effect while a motor vehicle is being operated on a road, even if the exemption is conferred by or under the regulations made under this Part:
(f)
provide for the renewal or revocation of exemptions referred to in subsection (1)(b) that are granted by the Registrar:
(g)
prescribe specific types of numbers, letters, or distinguishing marks for specified classes of motor vehicles, or for motor vehicles operated by persons holding specified office or by persons, governments, or organisations with a specified status, immunity, or privilege:
(h)
prescribe higher fees, if the costs warrant, for the production and issuing of any kind of licence or registration plate.
(3)
Section 168 applies to regulations made under subsection (1)(p) or (q) of this section as it applies to regulations made under section 167(1)(j).
(4)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (3), the following are exempt from any fee or charge payable under this Part for the supply of information from the register of motor vehicles:
(a)
the New Zealand Police:
(b)
a statutory entity (within the meaning of the Crown Entities Act 2004):
(c)
a public service agency as defined in section 5 of the Public Service Act 2020.
(5)
Regulations under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
(6)
If the regulations authorise the Registrar to exercise a power under subsection (1)(b), (c), (h), or (ha) (other than a power that relates only to 1 or more individually identified motor vehicles or named persons),—
(a)
the instrument by which the Registrar exercises the power is secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements); and
(b)
the regulations must contain a statement to that effect.
(7)
Any regulations that prescribe fees or charges that are identified as land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 in accordance with subsection (1)(r) must be confirmed by an Act (see subpart 3 of Part 5 of the Legislation Act 2019).
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 35A
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation referred to in subsection (5) | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation referred to in subsection (6)(a) | ||||
| Publication | See the relevant publication, presentation, and disallowance table in the secondary legislation referred to in subsection (5) | LA19 ss 73, 74, Sch 1 cl 14 | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives, unless a transitional exemption applies under Schedule 1 of the Legislation Act 2019 | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32 | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 269: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(16) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 269(1)(a)(iii): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 101(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 269(1)(a)(iiia): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 101(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 269(1)(h): replaced, on 11 August 2017, by section 101(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 269(1)(ha): inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 101(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Section 269(1)(sa): inserted, on 1 December 2009, by section 36 of the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36).
Section 269(4)(c): replaced, on 7 August 2020, by section 135 of the Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40).
Section 269(5): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 269(6): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 269(7): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
269A Additional fee for certain RUC vehicles
(1)
The Governor-General may, by Order in Council made on the recommendation of the Minister, prescribe an additional fee payable in respect of—
(a)
all RUC vehicles (within the meaning of the Road User Charges Act 2012) that are operated on road and that are exempt from paying road user charges under section 38 or 38A of that Act; or
(b)
1 or more classes of RUC vehicles that are operated on road and that are exempt from paying road user charges under section 38 or 38A of that Act.
(2)
The additional fee—
(a)
is to be treated as land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003; and
(b)
is to be set having regard to—
(i)
the extent of the use of the vehicles on road; and
(ii)
the likely costs that the vehicles generate when used on road; and
(c)
is payable in addition to the fee payable in respect of an application for the licence for a motor vehicle or for the issue of trade plates (as the case may be).
(3)
An additional fee prescribed under subsection (1) may be set at different levels for different classes of vehicles (whether licensed or operating under trade plates).
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
270 Fees and charges identified as land transport revenue
(1)
This section applies to regulations made by Order in Council under section 269 or 269A that prescribe fees or charges that are identified or to be treated as land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 (relevant regulations).
(2)
[Repealed](3)
[Repealed](4)
If relevant regulations are revoked under subpart 3 of Part 5 of the Legislation Act 2019, the fees or charges replaced or altered by those regulations are, from the revocation of those regulations and until the fees or charges are again replaced or altered, the same as they were immediately before those regulations came into force.
(5)
The reference in subsection (4) to fees or charges replaced or altered by relevant regulations includes fees or charges—
(a)
prescribed (or having effect as if prescribed) under section 167 or 168B in respect of the same or substantially the same matter; and
(b)
in force immediately before the commencement of this section.
(6)
If relevant regulations are revoked under subpart 3 of Part 5 of the Legislation Act 2019, any fees and charges collected by virtue of those regulations in excess of the fees and charges otherwise payable must, except in so far as any other provision is made by an Act of Parliament, be refunded.
(7)
Relevant regulations that the House of Representatives resolves should be revoked or varied are revoked or varied in accordance with the terms of the resolution, and any fees and charges collected under the relevant regulations in excess of the fees and charges otherwise payable are, so far as that resolution provides, to be refunded.
(8)
[Repealed]Section 270: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(16) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 270(1): amended, on 23 April 2014, by section 5(a) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2014 (2014 No 22).
Section 270(1): amended, on 23 April 2014, by section 5(b) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2014 (2014 No 22).
Section 270(2): repealed, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 270(3): repealed, on 1 January 2016, by section 14 of the Legislation (Confirmable Instruments) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 120).
Section 270(4): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 270(4): amended, on 1 January 2016, by section 14 of the Legislation (Confirmable Instruments) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 120).
Section 270(6): amended, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Section 270(8): repealed, on 1 January 2016, by section 14 of the Legislation (Confirmable Instruments) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 120).
Appointment
Heading: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(17) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
271 Appointment of Registrar
Nothing in this Part prevents the Minister from appointing the Agency or the Director to be the Registrar of Motor Vehicles if the Minister thinks it appropriate to do so.
Section 271: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(17) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 271: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 127 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Delegations and authorisations
Heading: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(17) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
272 Delegations
(1)
The Registrar may, either generally or particularly, delegate to specified persons any of the Registrar’s functions or powers under this Part.
(2)
However, subsection (1) does not permit the Registrar to delegate a function or power to a person or a class of persons not employed in the State services (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 2020), except with the written consent of the Minister.
(3)
If the Registrar delegates functions or powers to a person under this section, that person—
(a)
may, with the prior approval of the Minister, delegate to another person approved functions or powers; and
(b)
is, in the case of a person not employed in the State services, subject to—
(i)
the Official Information Act 1982; and
(ii)
the Ombudsmen Act 1975.
(4)
A person to whom functions or powers are delegated under this section may perform those functions and exercise those powers in the same manner and with the same effect as if they had been conferred or imposed upon the person directly and not by delegation.
(5)
The Registrar may—
(a)
delegate a function or power under this section to a specified person or class of persons or to the holder or holders of a specified office or class of office for the time being; and
(b)
impose general or special directions or conditions.
(6)
A delegation may be given for a specific or indefinite period, but in either case is revocable at will.
(7)
A delegation of a function or power does not prevent the performance of that function or the exercise of that power by the Registrar.
(8)
A delegation given under this section—
(a)
continues in force according to its tenor until it is revoked, even if the Registrar who gave the delegation ceases to be Registrar; and
(b)
continues to have effect as if it were made by the person appointed as Registrar.
(9)
A person acting or purporting to act under a delegation under this section must, when reasonably requested, produce evidence of the person’s authority to do so.
(10)
In this section, person includes a body corporate, but does not include an unincorporated body of persons.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 51A
Section 272: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(17) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Section 272(2): amended, on 7 August 2020, by section 135 of the Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40).
273 Authorisations by Registrar
(1)
The Registrar may—
(a)
authorise any persons, or their agents or employees, to issue licences, certificates of registration, and registration plates for motor vehicles under this Part (including replacements as appropriate); and
(b)
specify how the authority must be exercised; and
(c)
appoint, and specify the functions and duties of, agents for notifying a change of ownership of a motor vehicle.
(2)
A person who is authorised under subsection (1) and is not employed in the State services is subject to—
(a)
the Official Information Act 1982; and
(b)
the Ombudsmen Act 1975.
Compare: 1986 No 6 ss 8(6), 13(6), 34(2)
Section 273: added, on 29 June 2009, by section 32(17) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Fees and charges
Heading: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(18) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
274 Land transport revenue to be paid into national land transport fund
All fees and charges (excluding applicable refunds and goods and services tax) identified in regulations made under this Part as land transport revenue for the purposes of the Land Transport Management Act 2003 must be paid into a Crown Bank Account and treated as land transport revenue.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 36
Section 274: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(18) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
275 Other prescribed fees received under this Part
(1)
This section applies to prescribed fees that are received under this Part and that are not referred to in section 274.
(2)
Prescribed fees to which this section applies must be paid to the relevant prescribed recipient.
(3)
However, if there is no prescribed recipient to whom any prescribed fees to which this section applies must be paid, those prescribed fees must be paid into a Crown Bank Account.
(4)
For the purposes of this section, prescribed recipient means the person who is specified in regulations made under this Part as the person to whom any fees or charges, or both, are payable.
Compare: 1986 No 6 s 36AA
Section 275: inserted, on 1 May 2011, by section 32(18) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17).
Schedule 1 Transitional, savings, and related provisions
Schedule 1: inserted, on 11 August 2017, by section 109(1) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Part 1 Provisions relating to Land Transport Amendment Act 2017
1 Interpretation
In this Part, amendment Act means the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017.
Alcohol interlock sentences
Heading: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 109(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
2 Pre-existing alcohol interlock orders, licences, and applications for alcohol interlock licences unaffected by subpart 1 of Part 1 of amendment Act
Except as provided in clauses 3 and 4, subpart 1 of Part 1 of the amendment Act does not affect an alcohol interlock order made under section 65A(2) before that subpart came into force, and does not affect—
(a)
the existing licensed status of a person who was issued with an alcohol interlock licence before that subpart came into force; or
(b)
any application for an alcohol interlock licence made before that subpart came into force, and the application must be processed as if that subpart had not come into force; or
(c)
the period of disqualification required by section 65A(2)(a); or
(d)
the requirement in section 65A(4) that a person who is subject to an order under section 65A(2) and who does not apply for an interlock licence is to be treated as a person with a licence of no effect.
Schedule 1 clause 2: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 109(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
3 Pre-existing alcohol interlock order
A person subject to an alcohol interlock order made under section 65A(2) before subpart 1 of Part 1 of the amendment Act came into force may apply for the order to be cancelled under section 100B as if the order were an alcohol interlock sentence ordered under that subpart.
Schedule 1 clause 3: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 109(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
4 Effect of subsequent offence on pre-existing alcohol interlock licence
(1)
This clause applies to a person who has an alcohol interlock licence that was issued before subpart 1 of Part 1 of the amendment Act came into force and who commits a subsequent offence after that subpart came into force.
(2)
Sections 65AJ and 65AK apply to the person as if the person had an alcohol interlock licence issued under section 65AC.
Schedule 1 clause 4: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 109(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
5 Existing zero alcohol licences and applications for zero alcohol licences unaffected by subpart 1 of Part 1 of amendment Act
Subpart 1 of Part 1 of the amendment Act does not affect a zero alcohol licence order that was made under section 65B(2) before that subpart came into force, and does not affect—
(a)
the existing licensed status of a person who was issued with a zero alcohol licence before that subpart came into force; or
(b)
any application for a zero alcohol licence made before that subpart came into force, and the application must be processed as if that subpart had not come into force.
Schedule 1 clause 5: inserted, on 1 July 2018, by section 109(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Heavy vehicles
6 Existing notices given under section 16A to have continuing effect
(1)
Notices given under section 16A before subpart 4 of Part 1 of the amendment Act comes into force continue to have effect as if that subpart had not come into force.
(2)
Subclause (1) applies until the close of the day that is 12 months after subpart 4 of Part 1 of the amendment Act comes into force.
Small passenger services
Heading: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 109(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
7 Transitional arrangement for small passenger service operator
(1)
Before the close of the 28th day after the commencement of this clause,—
(a)
section 30J(d) does not apply to a small passenger service operator who is facilitating a small passenger service; and
(b)
section 30U(1)(c) does not apply to a small passenger service operator.
(2)
A small passenger service operator who does not comply with section 30J(d) at the commencement of this clause must, before the close of the 28th day after the commencement of this clause, have a small passenger service licence.
(3)
A small passenger service operator whose licence may be suspended under section 30U(1)(c) must, before the close of the 28th day after the commencement of this clause,—
(a)
ensure that—
(i)
a person with control of the service in New Zealand lives in New Zealand; or
(ii)
the operator has a representative who lives in New Zealand; and
(b)
in the manner required by the Agency, notify the Agency—
(i)
that the operator meets the requirements of paragraph (a); and
(ii)
of any address information required under the rules in relation to that person or representative.
Schedule 1 clause 7: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 109(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
8 Transitional arrangement for driver using vehicle in small passenger service
(1)
Before the close of the 28th day after the commencement of this clause, sections 30P(c) and 79AB(1)(c) do not apply to a driver using a vehicle in a small passenger service who has been facilitated to connect with passengers by a facilitator.
(2)
Before the close of the 28th day after the commencement of this clause, a driver using a vehicle in a small passenger service must—
(a)
have a small passenger service licence; or
(b)
drive on behalf of the holder of a small passenger service licence; or
(c)
have been facilitated to connect with passengers by a facilitator who holds a small passenger service licence.
Schedule 1 clause 8: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 109(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
9 Transitional arrangement for taxi stands and transit lanes
Taxi stands, shuttle stands, and transit lanes that may be used by any type of small passenger service vehicle before the commencement of this clause may be used by all small passenger service vehicles until the relevant road controlling authority changes the rules about the vehicles that may use the stands or lanes.
Schedule 1 clause 9: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 109(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
10 Existing passenger service licences and applications unaffected by subpart 5 of Part 1 of amendment Act
(1)
A person who has an existing passenger service licence when subpart 5 of Part 1 of the amendment Act comes into force is deemed to have—
(a)
(2)
Except as required by clauses 7 and 8, subpart 5 of Part 1 of the amendment Act does not affect—
(a)
the existing licensed status of a person who was granted a passenger service licence before that subpart came into force; or
(b)
any application for a passenger service licence made before that subpart came into force, and the application must be processed as if that subpart had not come into force.
Schedule 1 clause 10: inserted, on 1 October 2017, by section 109(3) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34).
Part 2 Provisions relating to Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020
Schedule 1 Part 2: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 128 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
11 Interpretation
In this Part,—
amendment Act means the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020
Director function means any function, duty, or power of the Agency under this Act (or any secondary legislation made under this Act) that becomes a function, duty, or power of the Director—
(a)
on and from the transfer date; and
(b)
by operation of the amendment Act
transfer date means the date determined under section 2(2) of the amendment Act.
Schedule 1 clause 11: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 128 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
12 Matters, documents, decisions, etc, not affected by transfer of Director functions
(1)
If the Agency commences a matter or process relating to a Director function, but does not complete it before the transfer date, the Director must complete the matter or process after the transfer date in place of the Agency.
(2)
Any land transport document, notice, or similar document given by the Agency is deemed to be a document given by the Director if—
(a)
it relates to a Director function; and
(b)
it is in force immediately before the transfer date.
(3)
The transfer of a Director function to the Director does not, of itself, affect—
(a)
any decision made, or anything done or omitted to be done, by the Agency in relation to the Director function before the transfer date; or
(b)
any other matter or thing arising out of the Agency performing the Director function before the transfer date.
Schedule 1 clause 12: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 128 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
13 Personal information
If the Agency collected personal information when performing a Director function before the transfer date, the Director’s use of the information on and from the transfer date is not an interference with the privacy of an individual under section 69 of the Privacy Act 2020.
Schedule 1 clause 13: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 128 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Schedule 1 clause 13: amended, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(1) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
14 References to Agency in documents
On and from the transfer date, a reference to the Agency in a land transport document, notice, or similar document written or prepared by or on behalf of the Agency must be read as a reference to the Director if—
(a)
the reference relates to a Director function; and
(b)
the document was written or prepared before the transfer date; and
(c)
such a reading is consistent with this Act.
Schedule 1 clause 14: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 128 of the Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48).
Part 3 Provisions relating to Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021
Schedule 1 Part 3: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Subpart 1—Pre-existing exemptions
Schedule 1 Part 3 subpart 1: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
15 Interpretation
In this subpart, amendment Act means the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021.
Schedule 1 clause 15: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
16 Pre-existing exemptions from requirements in rules made under Part 11
Any exemption granted under section 166 or 166A before section 9 of the amendment Act comes into force continues to have effect as if that section had not come into force.
Schedule 1 clause 16: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Subpart 2—Provisions relating to Legislation Act 2019
Schedule 1 Part 3 subpart 2: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
17 Application of subpart
This subpart applies until the main commencement date (as defined in clause 2 of Schedule 1 of the Legislation Act 2019).
Schedule 1 clause 17: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
18 Exemptions granted under section 168D
Class exemptions
(1)
A class exemption is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2012 and must be presented to the House of Representatives under section 41 of that Act.
(2)
As soon as practicable after granting a class exemption, the Director must—
(a)
notify the exemption in the Gazette (and include the text of the exemption); and
(b)
publish the exemption on the Agency’s Internet site.
(3)
The reference in section 168E(3) to the date on which the exemption is published under the Legislation Act 2019 is to be read as a reference to the date on which the exemption is notified under subclause (2)(a).
Other exemptions
(4)
An exemption granted under section 168D(1)(a) is not a legislative instrument nor a disallowable instrument for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2012 and does not have to be presented to the House of Representatives under section 41 of that Act.
Schedule 1 clause 18: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
19 Transport instruments
(1)
A transport instrument is a disallowable instrument, but not a legislative instrument, for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2012 and must be presented to the House of Representatives under section 41 of that Act.
(2)
The Agency, the Director, or the Secretary (as the case may be) must, as soon as practicable after making, amending, or revoking a transport instrument,—
(a)
notify the instrument, amendment, or revocation in the Gazette (but need not incorporate the text of the instrument, amendment, or revocation); and
(b)
ensure that a copy of the instrument, amendment, or revocation is—
(i)
published on the Agency’s Internet site; and
(ii)
available for purchase in hard copy at a reasonable charge.
Schedule 1 clause 19: inserted, on 1 April 2021, by section 21(2)(a) of the Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9).
Part 4 Provisions relating to Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022
Schedule 1 Part 4: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 15(a) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
20 Interpretation
In this Part, amendment Act means the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022.
Schedule 1 clause 20: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 15(a) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
21 Transitional provision concerning regulations relating to motor vehicle labelling
(1)
For the purposes set out in subclause (2), the Minister may, before the commencement of section 24 of the amendment Act,—
(a)
publicly notify a proposal to make regulations under section 36(1)(ba) of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000 as soon as practicable after the commencement of section 24 of the amendment Act; and
(b)
consult any persons as the Minister considers appropriate.
(2)
The purposes are to ensure that interested persons are given reasonable time to make submissions on the proposed regulations and to enable the Minister to consult any persons as the Minister considers appropriate before the regulations are made.
(3)
If any action referred to in subclause (1) is taken by or on behalf of the Minister before the commencement of section 24 of the amendment Act, the action is deemed to have been validly taken by the Minister under section 36(2) of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000 for the purposes of making the regulations under section 36(1)(ba) of that Act and bringing those regulations into force.
Schedule 1 clause 21: inserted, on 23 February 2022, by section 15(a) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2).
Part 5 Provisions relating to Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022
Schedule 1 Part 5: inserted, on 26 November 2022, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
22 Transitional provision applying to vehicles imported before 1 June 2023 by category 2 light vehicle importers
(1)
This clause applies if the carbon dioxide emissions of a vehicle that is imported in the period starting on 1 January 2023 and ending on 31 May 2023 by a category 2 light vehicle importer exceed the importer’s target that applies in respect of that vehicle.
(2)
For the purpose of paying any charge under section 182, the vehicle is deemed to be imported on 1 June 2023.
(3)
To avoid doubt, subclause (2) only affects the date on which a charge is payable, and does not affect any other obligations under this Act, including the information to be recorded in the vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account.
Schedule 1 clause 22: inserted, on 26 November 2022, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
23 Deferred date for transfer of credits under section 184
Despite sections 180(1) and (2) and 184(1) and (2), a light vehicle importer may not transfer carbon dioxide credits in their carbon dioxide account to the carbon dioxide account of another light vehicle importer before 1 June 2023.
Schedule 1 clause 23: inserted, on 26 November 2022, by section 8 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64).
Part 6 Provision relating to Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022
[Repealed]Schedule 1 Part 6: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 39(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
24 Review of amendments made by Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022
[Repealed]Schedule 1 clause 24: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 39(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
25 Order for review to not consider matters
[Repealed]Schedule 1 clause 25: repealed, on 15 December 2025, by section 39(1) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Part 7 Provisions relating to Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023
Schedule 1 Part 7: inserted, on 1 January 2024, by section 9(a) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
26 Interpretation
In this Part, amendment Act means the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023.
Schedule 1 clause 26: inserted, on 1 January 2024, by section 9(a) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
27 Transitional provision for rebate applications received before close of 31 December 2023
This Act continues to apply, as if it had not been amended by sections 4 and 7 of the amendment Act, for the purposes of processing any application for a rebate received before the close of 31 December 2023.
Schedule 1 clause 27: inserted, on 1 January 2024, by section 9(a) of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66).
Part 8 Provision relating to Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023
Schedule 1 Part 8: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 38(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
28 Increased penalty for second offence under section 52A
Section 52A(4), as amended by the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023, applies only if the relevant first offence is committed on or after the day on which that Act comes into force.
Schedule 1 clause 28: inserted, on 1 March 2024, by section 38(a) of the Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62).
Part 9 Provisions relating to Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025
Schedule 1 Part 9: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 39(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
29 Review of amendments made by Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025
(1)
The Minister must appoint a reviewer to review the amendments made by the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025.
(2)
The reviewer may also consider amendments made by the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022.
(3)
The reviewer must report to the Minister on the review no later than 5 years after the commencement of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025.
(4)
The Minister must, within 60 working days of the day on which the reviewer reports to the Minister under subclause (3), present to the House of Representatives—
(a)
the report; and
(b)
a response to the report.
Schedule 1 clause 29: inserted, on 15 December 2025, by section 39(2) of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12).
Part 10 Provisions relating to Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025
Schedule 1 Part 10: inserted, on 1 January 2026, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
30 Interpretation
In this Part, amendment Act means the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025.
Schedule 1 clause 30: inserted, on 1 January 2026, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
31 Transitional arrangement for carbon dioxide credits banked in vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account
Section 178(3) as amended by the amendment Act, and section 183(2) as it has effect following that amendment, apply to credits banked in a vehicle importer’s carbon dioxide account regardless of whether the credits are banked before or after the amendment Act comes into force.
Schedule 1 clause 31: inserted, on 1 January 2026, by section 12 of the Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73).
Schedule 1 Provisions concerning Land Transport Safety Authority of New Zealand
[Repealed]Schedule 1: repealed, on 1 December 2004, by section 11(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96).
Schedule 2 Enactments repealed
Part 1Provisions of Transport Act 1962 repealed on 1 March 1999
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Part 2Provisions of Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 repealed on 1 March 1999
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Part 3Land Transport Acts repealed on 1 March 1999
Land Transport Act 1993 (1993 No 88)
Land Transport Amendment Act 1995 (1995 No 43)
Part 4Land Transport enactments repealed on date or dates appointed by Order in Council
Provisions of Transport Act 1962
1
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
2
Sections 52A and 53 (which relate to exemptions from speed limits).
3
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
4
Section 70AA (which relates to heavy traffic restrictions).
5
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
6
Section 74A (which relates to the Minister’s functions concerning road safety).
7
Section 78 (which relates to experimental traffic control signs).
8
Section 78A (which relates to piloting fees).
9
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
10
Section 199B(7) (which relates to the transfer of functions by the chief executive of the Ministry).
11
Schedule 2 (which relates to infringement offences and fees).
12
Schedule 2A (which relates to offences enforceable by parking wardens).
Provisions of Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986
13
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Land Transport Amendment Act 1997
14
Land Transport Amendment Act 1997 (1997 No 4) (which relates to the transfer of staff).
Part 5Enactments repealed on date or dates appointed by Order in Council
[Repealed]Schedule 2 Part 5: repealed, on 10 May 2011, by section 97 of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Schedule 3 Enactments amended
Accident Rehabilitation and Compensation Insurance Act 1992 (1992 No 13)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Airport Authorities Act 1966 (1966 No 51) (RS Vol 17, p 1)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Animals Protection Act 1960 (1960 No 30) (RS Vol 6, p 1)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Building Act 1991 (1991 No 150)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 (1989 No 24)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Civil Defence Act 1983 (1983 No 46)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Conservation Act 1987 (1987 No 65) (RS Vol 36, p 1)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Criminal Justice Act 1985 (1985 No 120)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Education Act 1964 (1964 No 135) (RS Vol 34, p 355)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Electricity Act 1992 (1992 No 122)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Estate and Gift Duties Act 1968 (1968 No 35) (RS Vol 28, p 341)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Gaming and Lotteries Act 1977 (1977 No 84) (RS Vol 33, p 17)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Gas Act 1992 (1992 No 124)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (1996 No 30)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Health Act 1956 (1956 No 65) (RS Vol 31, p 467)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Income Tax Act 1994 (1994 No 164)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Juries Act 1981 (1981 No 23)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Litter Act 1979 (1979 No 41)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Local Government Act 1974 (1974 No 66) (RS Vol 25, p 1)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Machinery Act 1950 (1950 No 52) (RS Vol 18, p 409)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Motor Vehicle Dealers Act 1975 (1975 No 127) (RS Vol 5, p 749)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Motor Vehicle Securities Act 1989 (1989 No 14)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
National Parks Act 1980 (1980 No 66) (RS Vol 36, p 517)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
New Zealand Railways Corporation Act 1981 (1981 No 119)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
New Zealand Walkways Act 1990 (1990 No 32) (RS Vol 36, p 583)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Petroleum Demand Restraint Act 1981 (1981 No 12)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Privacy Act 1993 (1993 No 28)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Public Works Act 1981 (1981 No 35)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Reserves Act 1977 (1977 No 66) (RS Vol 36, p 603)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Resource Management Act 1991 (1991 No 69) (RS Vol 32, p 131)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Road User Charges Act 1977 (1977 No 124) (RS Vol 21, p 759)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Summary Proceedings Act 1957 (1957 No 87) (RS Vol 9, p 583)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Transit New Zealand Act 1989 (1989 No 75)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Transport Accident Investigation Commission Act 1990 (1990 No 99)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Transport Act 1962 (1962 No 135) (RS Vol 16, p 659)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Transport Amendment Act 1997 (1997 No 3)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Transport Services Licensing Act 1989 (1989 No 74)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986 (1986 No 6)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997 (1997 No 60)
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Schedule 4 New Parts 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 substituted in Schedule 2 of Transport Act 1962
Amendment(s) incorporated in the Act(s).
Schedule 5 Blood concentration levels for offences related to drug driving
Schedule 5: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 41 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
Part 1 High-risk blood concentration levels for drug-driving offences
Schedule 5 Part 1: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 41 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
| Qualifying drug | High-risk level (ng/ml) | |
|---|---|---|
| Alprazolam | 50 | |
| Amphetamine | 100 | |
| Buprenorphine | 1 | |
| Clonazepam | 50 | |
| Cocaine | 20 | |
| Codeine | 200 | |
| Diazepam | 200 | |
| Dihydrocodeine | 200 | |
| Fentanyl | 0.5 | |
| GHB | 50,000 | |
| Ketamine | 50 | |
| Lorazepam | 30 | |
| MDMA | 50 | |
| Methadone | 200 | |
| Methamphetamine | 50 | |
| Midazolam | 30 | |
| Morphine | 20 | |
| Nitrazepam | 50 | |
| Oxazepam | 800 | |
| Oxycodone | 50 | |
| Temazepam | 800 | |
| THC (cannabis) | 3 | |
| Tramadol | 250 | |
| Triazolam | 4 | |
| Zopiclone | 50 |
Part 2 Tolerance blood concentration levels for drug-driving offences
Schedule 5 Part 2: inserted, on 11 March 2023, by section 41 of the Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5).
| Qualifying drug | Tolerance level (ng/ml) | |
|---|---|---|
| Alprazolam | 20 | |
| Amphetamine | 20 | |
| Buprenorphine | 1 | |
| Clonazepam | 20 | |
| Cocaine | 5 | |
| Codeine | 50 | |
| Diazepam | 100 | |
| Dihydrocodeine | 50 | |
| Fentanyl | 0.5 | |
| GHB | 10,000 | |
| Ketamine | 10 | |
| Lorazepam | 10 | |
| MDMA | 10 | |
| Methadone | 50 | |
| Methamphetamine | 10 | |
| Midazolam | 10 | |
| Morphine | 10 | |
| Nitrazepam | 20 | |
| Oxazepam | 200 | |
| Oxycodone | 20 | |
| Temazepam | 200 | |
| THC (cannabis) | 1 | |
| Tramadol | 100 | |
| Triazolam | 4 | |
| Zopiclone | 20 |
Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009
Public Act |
2009 No 36 |
|
Date of assent |
27 October 2009 |
|
Commencement |
see section 2 |
1 Title
This Act is the Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009.
2 Commencement
(1)
Sections 9, 10, 17, 20, 21, and 40(2) come into force on a date appointed by the Governor-General by Order in Council.
(2)
Sections 4(2) and (3), 5, 13 to 16, 34, and 39(2) come into force on 1 November 2009.
(3)
The rest of this Act comes into force on 1 December 2009.
Section 2(1): amended, on 10 May 2011, by section 100(3) of the Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13).
Part 2 Transitional provision and consequential amendments
37 Transitional provision in relation to Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986
In the period commencing on the commencement of this section and ending immediately before the commencement of section 32(2) of the Land Transport Amendment Act 2009, any reference to a registered person in sections 96(2A), 98(1), and 98A(2) of the Land Transport Act 1998 (as inserted or substituted by this Act) must be read as a reference to a registered owner within the meaning of the Transport (Vehicle and Driver Registration and Licensing) Act 1986.
Notes
1 General
This is a consolidation of the Land Transport Act 1998 that incorporates the amendments made to the legislation so that it shows the law as at its stated date.
2 Legal status
A consolidation is taken to correctly state, as at its stated date, the law enacted or made by the legislation consolidated and by the amendments. This presumption applies unless the contrary is shown.
Section 78 of the Legislation Act 2019 provides that this consolidation, published as an electronic version, is an official version. A printed version of legislation that is produced directly from this official electronic version is also an official version.
3 Editorial and format changes
The Parliamentary Counsel Office makes editorial and format changes to consolidations using the powers under subpart 2 of Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019. See also PCO editorial conventions for consolidations.
4 Amendments incorporated in this consolidation
Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 73): Part 1
Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 12)
Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Standard) Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 26)
Land Transport Management (Repeal of Regional Fuel Tax) Amendment Act 2024 (2024 No 9): section 14
Land Transport (Clean Vehicle Discount Scheme Repeal) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 66): Part 1
Land Transport (Road Safety) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 62): Part 1
Civil Aviation Act 2023 (2023 No 10): section 486
Criminal Activity Intervention Legislation Act 2023 (2023 No 7): Part 2
Statutes Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 75): Part 21
Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act (No 2) 2022 (2022 No 64): Part 1
Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Act 2022 (2022 No 30): section 104
Land Transport (Drug Driving) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 5): Part 1
Land Transport (Clean Vehicles) Amendment Act 2022 (2022 No 2): Part 1
Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Act 2021 (2021 No 57): section 147
Legislation Act (Amendments to Legislation) Regulations 2021 (LI 2021/247): regulation 91
Regulatory Systems (Transport) Amendment Act 2021 (2021 No 9): Part 1
Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7): section 3
Land Transport (NZTA) Legislation Amendment Act 2020 (2020 No 48): Part 2
Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40): section 135
Land Transport (Rail) Legislation Act 2020 (2020 No 33): sections 18, 19
Privacy Act 2020 (2020 No 31): section 217
Land Transport (Wheel Clamping) Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 70)
Legislation (Repeals and Amendments) Act 2019 (2019 No 59): section 4
Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 54): section 38
Courts Matters Act 2018 (2018 No 50): Part 4 subpart 9
Land Transport (Facilitated Cost-sharing Arrangement Maximum Reimbursement) Notice 2017 (LI 2017/274): clause 3
Enhancing Identity Verification and Border Processes Legislation Act 2017 (2017 No 42): Part 2 subpart 7
Land Transport Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 34)
Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Oranga Tamariki) Legislation Act 2017 (2017 No 31): section 149
Energy Innovation (Electric Vehicles and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 27): Part 3
Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017 (2017 No 17): section 197
Intelligence and Security Act 2017 (2017 No 10): sections 281, 282
Statutes Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 104): Part 16
Land Transport Amendment Act 2016 (2016 No 77)
District Court Act 2016 (2016 No 49): section 261
Legislation (Confirmable Instruments) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 120): section 14
Standards and Accreditation Act 2015 (2015 No 91): section 45(1)
Land Transport (Speed Limits Validation and Other Matters) Act 2015 (2015 No 64): sections 11, 12
Land Transport Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 17)
Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2014 (2014 No 57)
Land Transport Amendment Act 2014 (2014 No 22)
Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2013 (2013 No 35): section 72
Legislation Act 2012 (2012 No 119): section 77(3)
Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 89): section 103
Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24): section 268
Road User Charges Act 2012 (2012 No 1): section 94
Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81): sections 393, 413
Land Transport Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 31)
Health Practitioners Competence Assurance (Designation of Anaesthetic Technology Services as Health Profession) Order 2011 (SR 2011/227): clause 8(2)
Land Transport (Road Safety and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 13)
Research, Science, and Technology Act 2010 (2010 No 131): section 18
Accident Compensation Amendment Act 2010 (2010 No 1): section 5(1)(b)
Land Transport (Enforcement Powers) Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 36)
Land Transport Amendment Act 2009 (2009 No 17)
Public Transport Management Act 2008 (2008 No 87): section 63(2)
Policing Act 2008 (2008 No 72): sections 116(a)(ii), (vii), (b), (d), 124, 130(1)
Land Transport Management Amendment Act 2008 (2008 No 47): section 50(1), Schedule 2 clause 40(2)
Land Transport Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 66)
Sentencing Amendment Act 2007 (2007 No 27): section 58
Evidence Act 2006 (2006 No 69): section 216
Land Transport Amendment Act (No 2) 2006 (2006 No 30)
Land Transport Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 2)
Land Transport Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 77)
Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37): section 103(3)
Crown Entities Act 2004 (2004 No 115): section 200
Land Transport (Commencement of Repeals) Order 2004 (SR 2004/452)
Land Transport Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 96)
Land Transport Management Act 2003 (2003 No 118): section 90
Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (2003 No 48): section 175(1)
State Sector Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 41): section 14(1)
Land Transport (Unauthorised Street and Drag Racing) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 11)
Local Government Act 2002 (2002 No 84): section 262
Sentencing Act 2002 (2002 No 9): section 186
Land Transport (Road Safety Enforcement) Amendment Act 2001 (2001 No 104)
New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (2000 No 91): section 111(1)
Land Transport (Commencement of Repeals) Order (No 2) 1999 (SR 1999/97)
Land Transport (Commencement of Provisions) Order 1999 (SR 1999/96)
Land Transport (Commencement of Repeals) Order 1999 (SR 1999/28)
Land Transport Act 1998 (1998 No 110): sections 139(13), 210(7)
Versions
Land Transport Act 1998
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