Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Act 2009
Version as at 27 July 2023
Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Act 2009
Public Act |
2009 No 8 |
|
Date of assent |
21 April 2009 |
|
Commencement |
see section 2 |
Note
The Parliamentary Counsel Office has made editorial and format changes to this version using the powers under subpart 2 of Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019.
Note 4 at the end of this version provides a list of the amendments included in it.
This Act is administered by the Ministry of Justice.
Contents
The Parliament of New Zealand enacts as follows:
1 Title
This Act is the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Act 2009.
2 Commencement
This Act comes into force on 1 December 2009.
Part 1 Preliminary provisions
Purpose
3 Purpose
(1)
The primary purpose of this Act is to establish a regime for the forfeiture of property—
(a)
that has been derived directly or indirectly from significant criminal activity; or
(b)
that represents the value of a person’s unlawfully derived income.
(2)
The criminal proceeds and instruments forfeiture regime established under this Act proposes to—
(a)
eliminate the chance for persons to profit from undertaking or being associated with significant criminal activity; and
(b)
deter significant criminal activity; and
(c)
reduce the ability of criminals and persons associated with crime or significant criminal activity to continue or expand criminal enterprise; and
(d)
deal with matters associated with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders that arise in New Zealand.
Overview
4 Overview
(1)
In general terms, this Act—
(a)
provides for the restraint and forfeiture of property derived as a result of significant criminal activity without the need for a conviction; and
(b)
sets out certain procedural matters relating to the forfeiture of instruments of crime if a conviction has been or may be entered. Many aspects of the conviction-based forfeiture regime are included in the Sentencing Act 2002.
(2)
More specifically,—
(a)
Part 1 deals with preliminary matters including, without limitation, interpretation and the application of this Act; and
(b)
subpart 1 of Part 2 deals with general matters relating to the criminal proceeds and instruments forfeiture regime; and
(c)
subpart 2 of Part 2 deals with the restraint of property that may later become the subject of a forfeiture order; and
(d)
subpart 3 of Part 2 deals with civil forfeiture orders (which are assets forfeiture orders and profit forfeiture orders); and
(e)
subpart 4 of Part 2 deals with certain procedural matters associated with conviction-based instrument forfeiture orders; and
(f)
subpart 5 of Part 2 sets out the powers of the Official Assignee; and
(g)
subpart 6 of Part 2 sets out the powers of the police; and
(h)
subpart 7 of Part 2 provides for investigative powers for various agencies; and
(i)
subpart 8 of Part 2 deals with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders; and
(j)
subpart 9 of Part 2 deals with certain miscellaneous matters; and
(k)
subpart 10 of Part 2 sets out consequential amendments.
(3)
This overview is by way of explanation only. If any provision of this Act conflicts with this overview, the other provision prevails.
Interpretation
5 Interpretation
(1)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
all or part of a respondent’s property means all or part of the property in which an identifiable respondent has an interest
assets forfeiture order means—
(a)
a type 1 assets forfeiture order; or
(b)
a type 2 assets forfeiture order
associate, in relation to a member of or participant in an organised criminal group, has the meaning given to it in section 5A
benefit includes proceeds and property
civil forfeiture order means an assets forfeiture order or a profit forfeiture order
Commissioner means the Commissioner of Police
convert means, in relation to property, to change it from one form to another, whether by sale or by some other means (for example, selling a car and buying a boat with the proceeds of the sale)
convertible legitimate property of a respondent has the meaning given to it in section 5B
dealing with, in relation to property,—
(a)
means to use or deal with property in any way and by any means; and
(b)
includes,—
(i)
if a debt is owed by a person, making a payment to any person to reduce that debt; and
(ii)
removing property from New Zealand; and
(iii)
receiving or making a gift of property; and
(iv)
registering an interest in property
department has the same meaning as in section 5 of the Public Service Act 2020
disclosure of source order means an order made under section 109A(1)
document—
(a)
means a document in any form (including, without limitation, a document in an electronic form); and
(b)
includes (without limitation) any of the following:
(i)
any writing on any material:
(ii)
information recorded or stored by means of a tape recorder, computer, or other device:
(iii)
material subsequently derived from information recorded or stored in the manner described in subparagraph (ii):
(iv)
labels, markings, or other writing that identifies or describes any thing of which it forms part, or to which it is attached by any means:
(v)
books, maps, plans, graphs, or drawings:
(vi)
photographs, films, negatives, tapes, or any other device in which 1 or more visual images are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other equipment) of being reproduced
exempt proportion, in relation to specific property of a respondent, has the meaning given to it in section 5B
foreign country has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992
foreign forfeiture order has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992
foreign order means a foreign forfeiture order or a foreign restraining order
foreign qualifying forfeiture offence has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992
foreign restrained property means property that is the subject of a foreign restraining order
foreign restraining order has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992
forfeited property means property that is the subject of a forfeiture order
forfeiture order means an assets forfeiture order, a profit forfeiture order, or an instrument forfeiture order
former interest holder means, in relation to a forfeiture order, any person whose interest in property has been forfeited by the order
instrument forfeiture order means an order made under section 142N of the Sentencing Act 2002
instrument of crime means—
(a)
property used (wholly or in part) to commit or facilitate the commission of a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence; and
(b)
in relation to a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence that is an offence against section 8(1), (1A), (2A), or (2B) of the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002, includes funds (as defined in section 4(1) of that Act) allocated for the purposes of committing that offence; and
(c)
in relation to any property referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b), the proceeds of any disposition of that property or any other property into which that property is converted, after the commission of the qualifying instrument forfeiture offence, except to the extent provided otherwise by any order of a court under this Act or the Sentencing Act 2002, excluding any severable interest or granting relief
interest, in relation to property of any kind (including, without limitation, restrained property or forfeited property), means—
(a)
a legal or equitable estate or interest in the property; or
(b)
a right, power, or privilege in connection with the property
interim foreign restraining order means an order applied for under section 128
lawyer means a lawyer within the meaning of section 6 of the Lawyers and Conveyancers Act 2006
legitimate property of a respondent has the meaning given to it in section 5B
Official Assignee means the Official Assignee of New Zealand
organisation means an organisation listed in Part 2 of Schedule 1 of the Ombudsmen Act 1975
organised criminal group has the meaning given to it in section 5A
profit forfeiture order means an order made under section 55
property—
(a)
means real or personal property of any kind—
(i)
whether situated in New Zealand or a foreign country; and
(ii)
whether tangible or intangible; and
(iii)
whether movable or immovable; and
(b)
includes an interest in real or personal property
proposed restrained property means property in relation to which a restraining order is sought
prosecutor—
(a)
means, in relation to an application for a restraining order relating to an instrument of crime or to any matter relating to an instrument forfeiture order, the person who is for the time being in charge of the file or files that relate to the criminal proceeding for the qualifying instrument forfeiture offence to which the restraining order or instrument forfeiture order relates; and
(b)
includes—
(i)
any other employee of the person or agency by whom the prosecutor is employed who has responsibilities for any matter directly connected with the proceedings; and
(ii)
any counsel representing the person who commenced the proceedings; and
(iii)
in the case of a private prosecution, the person who commenced the proceedings and any counsel representing that person
qualifying instrument forfeiture offence—
(a)
means an offence punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of 5 years or more; and
(b)
includes an attempt to commit, conspiring to commit, or being an accessory to an offence if the maximum term of imprisonment for that attempt, conspiracy, or activity is 5 years or more
relevant period of criminal activity, in relation to an application for a profit forfeiture order, means the period that ends on the date the application is made and starts 7 years before—
(a)
the date of the application for the relevant restraining order, if the application for the profit forfeiture order relates, wholly or in part, to restrained property; or
(b)
the date of the application for the profit forfeiture order, if the application for the profit forfeiture order does not relate to restrained property
respondent means,—
(a)
in relation to an application for a restraining order or forfeiture order, the person identified in that application as the respondent (if any); and
(b)
in relation to a restraining order or forfeiture order that has been made, the person in relation to whom that order is made (if any)
restrained property means property that is the subject of a restraining order
restraining order means an order made under section 24, 24A, 25, or 26
significant criminal activity has the meaning given to it in section 6
significant foreign criminal activity has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992
specific property means identifiable property in relation to which there may, but need not, be a person who is an identifiable owner (subject to section 13)
tainted property—
(a)
means any property that has, wholly or in part, been—
(i)
acquired as a result of significant criminal activity; or
(ii)
directly or indirectly derived from significant criminal activity; and
(b)
includes any property that has been acquired as a result of, or directly or indirectly derived from, more than 1 activity if at least 1 of those activities is a significant criminal activity
threshold amount, for the purposes of sections 6(1)(b), 24A(1)(d) and (e), and 50C(1)(d) and (e), means $30,000 or a prescribed amount that exceeds $30,000
type 1 assets forfeiture order means an order made under section 50
type 2 assets forfeiture order means an order made under section 50C
unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity has the meaning given to it in section 7.
(2)
A reference in this Act to benefits, proceeds, or property being derived by a person (person A) includes benefits, proceeds, or property derived—
(a)
directly or indirectly by person A; and
(b)
by another person at the request or direction of person A.
Section 5(1) assets forfeiture order: replaced, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) associate: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) convertible legitimate property: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) department: amended, on 7 August 2020, by section 135 of the Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40).
Section 5(1) disclosure of source order: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) exempt proportion: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) financial institution: substituted, on 17 October 2009, by section 161(2) of the Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Act 2009 (2009 No 35).
Section 5(1) instrument of crime paragraph (b): replaced, on 5 October 2021, by section 57 of the Counter-Terrorism Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 37).
Section 5(1) lawyer: replaced, on 25 February 2012, by section 4 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Section 5(1) legitimate property: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) organised criminal group: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) prosecutor paragraph (b)(ii): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 5(1) prosecutor paragraph (b)(iii): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 5(1) restraining order: amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(3) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) specific property: amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(4) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) threshold amount: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) type 1 assets forfeiture order: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 5(1) type 2 assets forfeiture order: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 4(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
5A Meanings of associate and organised criminal group
Meaning of associate
(1)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, associate, in relation to a member of or participant in an organised criminal group,—
(a)
means a person who—
(i)
is associated with the member or participant; and
(ii)
is not a mere acquaintance of the member or participant; and
(b)
includes another member of or participant in the organised criminal group (whether or not a mere acquaintance of the member or participant).
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1), a person is capable of being a participant in an organised criminal group whether or not the person shares the objective or objectives described in subsection (3) of the persons comprising the group.
Meaning of organised criminal group
(3)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, organised criminal group means a group of 3 or more people who have as their objective, or one of their objectives, obtaining a material benefit from significant criminal activity.
(4)
In subsection (3), obtaining a material benefit from significant criminal activity means obtaining, directly or indirectly, any privilege, pecuniary advantage, property, or other valuable consideration of any kind for—
(a)
engaging in that activity; or
(b)
doing any thing that forms part of engaging in that activity.
(5)
For the purposes of subsection (3), a group of persons is capable of being an organised criminal group whether or not—
(a)
some of the persons in the group are subordinates or employees of others in the group; or
(b)
only some of the people involved in the group at a particular time are involved in the planning, arrangement, or execution at that time of any particular action, activity, or transaction; or
(c)
the membership of the group changes from time to time.
Compare: 1961 No 43 ss 2(1) (definition of obtain a material benefit), 98A
Section 5A: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 5 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
5B Meanings of legitimate property, convertible legitimate property, and exempt proportion
Meaning of legitimate property
(1)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, legitimate property of a respondent—
(a)
means all property acquired by the respondent, including—
(i)
any property gifted or loaned to the respondent (including money available to the respondent by way of credit); and
(ii)
any property acquired by the respondent through another person acting for, on behalf of, or for the benefit of the respondent; but
(b)
does not include any property acquired as a result of, or directly or indirectly derived from, an activity that is engaged in by the respondent or any other person and is an offence.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), a person engages in an activity that is an offence whether or not—
(a)
they have been charged with or convicted of an offence in connection with the activity; or
(b)
they have been acquitted of an offence in connection with the activity; or
(c)
their conviction for an offence in connection with the activity has been quashed or set aside.
Meaning of convertible legitimate property
(3)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, a respondent’s convertible legitimate property, for their acquisition of specific property,—
(a)
is property that, at the relevant time before the acquisition, was the respondent’s legitimate property that they were readily able to use for the acquisition; but
(b)
excludes any of that legitimate property that they did not use for the acquisition.
Meaning of exempt proportion
(4)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, exempt proportion, in relation to specific property of a respondent, means the proportion of the value of the specific property that they would have been able to acquire for reasonable market value if they had used only their convertible legitimate property for that acquisition.
Section 5B: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 5 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
6 Meaning of significant criminal activity
(1)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, significant criminal activity means an activity engaged in by a person that if proceeded against as a criminal offence would amount to offending—
(a)
that consists of, or includes, 1 or more offences punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of 5 years or more; or
(b)
from which property, proceeds, or benefits of a value of the threshold amount or more have, directly or indirectly, been acquired or derived.
(2)
A person is undertaking an activity of the kind described in subsection (1) whether or not—
(a)
the person has been charged with or convicted of an offence in connection with the activity; or
(b)
the person has been acquitted of an offence in connection with the activity; or
(c)
the person’s conviction for an offence in connection with the activity has been quashed or set aside.
(3)
Any expenses or outgoings used in connection with an activity of the kind described in subsection (1) must be disregarded for the purposes of calculating the value of any property, proceeds, or benefits under subsection (1)(b).
Section 6(1)(b): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 6 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
7 Meaning of unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, a person has unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity if the person has knowingly, directly or indirectly, derived a benefit from significant criminal activity (whether or not that person undertook or was involved in the significant criminal activity).
Savings, transitional, and related provisions
Heading: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 7 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
7A Transitional, savings, and related provisions
The transitional, savings, and related provisions set out in Schedule 1 have effect according to their terms.
Section 7A: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 7 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Application
8 This Act to bind the Crown
This Act binds the Crown.
9 Application
This Act applies in respect of—
(a)
qualifying instrument forfeiture offences or, if applicable, foreign qualifying forfeiture offences committed, or believed to have been committed, before, on, or after the commencement of this section; and
(b)
significant criminal activity or, if applicable, significant foreign criminal activity engaged in, or believed to have been engaged in, before, on, or after the commencement of this section.
Part 2 Criminal proceeds and instruments forfeiture regime
Subpart 1—General provisions
10 Nature of proceedings
(1)
Proceedings relating to any of the following are civil proceedings:
(a)
a restraining order:
(b)
an order excluding an interest from restrained property:
(c)
an assets forfeiture order:
(d)
a profit forfeiture order:
(e)
an order for relief from a civil forfeiture order:
(f)
an appeal from a civil forfeiture order:
(g)
an interim foreign restraining order:
(h)
registering a foreign restraining order in New Zealand:
(i)
registering a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand:
(j)
an order for relief from a foreign restraining order or foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand.
(2)
Proceedings relating to instrument forfeiture orders are proceedings under the Sentencing Act 2002 and, in relation to an appeal from an instrument forfeiture order, subpart 4 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011.
Compare: Criminal Assets Recovery Act 1990 s 5 (NSW)
Section 10(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
11 Restraint not necessary before forfeiture
Property may, but need not, be restrained property or foreign restrained property before it becomes forfeited property or the subject of a foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand.
12 Conversion of restrained property and foreign restrained property
(1)
Restrained property converted into another form (converted property) remains restrained property for the purposes of the restraining order to which it is subject and for the purposes of any forfeiture order made in relation to that property, despite the converted property not having been the property that was originally restrained.
(2)
Foreign restrained property converted into another form (converted property) remains foreign restrained property for the purposes of any foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand and for the purposes of any foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand in relation to that property, despite the converted property not having been the property that was originally restrained.
13 No identifiable owner required for certain proceedings relating to specific property
(1)
In proceedings for a restraining order or an assets forfeiture order relating to specific property, an owner of that specific property need not be identified.
(2)
Subsection (1) does not apply to—
(a)
proceedings for an order made under section 24A or a type 2 assets forfeiture order; or
(b)
proceedings to register a foreign restraining order.
Section 13(2): replaced, on 27 July 2023, by section 8 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
14 Differing grounds for restraining and later forfeiting property
If proceedings for a forfeiture order or to register a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand involve restrained property or property that was the subject of a foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand, the forfeiture order or the registration of a foreign forfeiture order may be sought on grounds that differ from those on which the restraining order was made or the foreign restraining order was registered.
15 No criminal proceedings required for civil forfeiture order or in registering foreign forfeiture order
(1)
The significant criminal activity or significant foreign criminal activity on which a civil forfeiture order or registration of a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand is based does not need to be, or to have been, the subject of any criminal proceedings in New Zealand or a foreign country.
(2)
In this section, the significant criminal activity on which a type 2 assets forfeiture order is to be treated as being based is significant criminal activity in which any persons (as members of or participants in the organised criminal group that is referred to in section 50C(1)(a)) have been involved at any time.
Section 15(2): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 9 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
16 Quashing criminal proceedings does not impact on civil forfeiture
(1)
Subsection (2) applies if criminal proceedings are commenced or pending or have been withdrawn or determined in respect of any significant criminal activity that is the basis for—
(a)
an assets forfeiture order or a profit forfeiture order; or
(b)
an application for an order of that kind.
(2)
If this subsection applies, the order or application is not affected by the criminal proceedings, even if any conviction entered in those proceedings is or has been quashed or set aside.
(3)
In this section, significant criminal activity is to be treated as the basis for a type 2 assets forfeiture order or an application for an order of that kind if it is significant criminal activity in which any persons (as members of or participants in the organised criminal group that is referred to in section 50C(1)(a)) have been involved at any time.
Section 16(3): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 10 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
17 Multiple forfeiture orders and foreign forfeiture orders
(1)
Nothing in this Act restricts a court from making 1 or more of the following types of orders in relation to the same instance of significant criminal activity:
(a)
type 1 assets forfeiture orders:
(b)
instrument forfeiture orders:
(c)
profit forfeiture orders.
(2)
Subsection (1) is subject to section 54(1)(b).
(3)
Nothing in this Act restricts a court from registering 1 or more foreign forfeiture orders in New Zealand in relation to the same instance of significant foreign criminal activity.
Section 17(1)(a): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 11 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
17A Court may treat effective control over property as interest in property
(1)
If the High Court is satisfied that a respondent has effective control over property, the Court may, on an application made by the Commissioner, order that the property is to be treated as though the respondent had an interest in the property specified by the Court.
(2)
An order under subsection (1) may—
(a)
be made even if the respondent has no interest in the property; and
(b)
specify an interest that differs from the interest that the respondent has in the property.
(3)
Without limiting the generality of subsections (1) and (2), the Court may have regard to—
(a)
shareholdings in, debentures over, or directorships of, any company that has an interest (whether direct or indirect) in the property; and
(b)
any trust that has a relationship to the property; and
(c)
family, domestic, and business relationships between persons having an interest in the property or in companies of the kind referred to in paragraph (a) or in trusts of the kind referred to in paragraph (b), and any other persons.
(4)
Property that is subject to an order under subsection (1) may be included in any restraining order, any type 2 assets forfeiture order, or any profit forfeiture order that is made against the respondent.
(5)
If the Commissioner applies for an order under subsection (1),—
(a)
the Commissioner must, so far as it is practicable to do so, serve notice of the application on the respondent and on any person who, to the knowledge of the Commissioner, has an interest in the property; and
(b)
the respondent and any other person who claims an interest in the property are entitled to appear and to adduce evidence at the hearing of the application.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 29
Section 17A (former section 58): renumbered, on 27 July 2023, by section 27(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 17A(4): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 27(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Subpart 2—Restraining orders
Applying for restraining order
18 Applying for restraining order
The following persons may apply for a restraining order:
(a)
the Commissioner may apply for a restraining order of the kind described in section 24, 24A, or 25 (which relate to restraining specific property or all or part of a respondent’s property):
(b)
a prosecutor may apply for a restraining order of the kind described in section 26 (which relates to restraining an instrument of crime).
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 39(1)
Section 18(a): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 12 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
19 Application for restraining order to identify proposed restrained property, respondent (if any), and interest holders
An application for a restraining order must identify the following:
(a)
the proposed restrained property; and
(b)
the respondent (if any); and
(c)
any other persons who, to the knowledge of the applicant, have an interest in the proposed restrained property.
20 Court to which application for restraining order made
An application for a restraining order must be made to,—
(a)
in the case of an application made under section 24, 24A, or 25, the High Court; and
(b)
in the case of an application made under section 26,—
(i)
the High Court, if the offence with which the instrument of crime is associated is for a category 4 offence, or if an order has been made under section 68 or 70 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 transferring the proceedings in relation to the offence to the High Court:
(ii)
the District Court, if subparagraph (i) does not apply.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 39(1)
Section 20(a): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 13 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 20(b): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Applications for restraining order made on and without notice
21 Application for restraining order on notice
(1)
An applicant for a restraining order must,—
(a)
so far as is practicable, serve a copy of the application on any person who, to the knowledge of the applicant, has an interest in the proposed restrained property (including, if applicable, the respondent); and
(b)
serve a copy of the application on the Official Assignee.
(2)
The court hearing an application for a restraining order may, at any time before the application is finally determined, direct the applicant to serve a copy of the application on a specified person or class of persons, in the manner and within the time that the court thinks fit.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 40(a), (b)
22 Application for restraining order without notice
(1)
A court that receives an application for a restraining order may, on the request of the applicant, consider the application without notice being given to any or all of the persons mentioned in section 21(1)(a) if the court is satisfied that there is a risk of the proposed restrained property being destroyed, disposed of, altered, or concealed if notice were given to the person or those persons.
(2)
If an application is made for a restraining order without notice, the court must, so far as it is practicable and consistent with the interests of justice, ensure that the application is dealt with speedily.
(3)
Any provisions of this subpart that relate to restraining orders applied for on notice apply, with any necessary modifications, to restraining orders applied for without notice.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 41(1), (6)
Being heard at hearing for restraining order
23 Who may be heard at hearing for restraining order
(1)
The following persons are entitled to appear and to adduce evidence at the hearing of an application for a restraining order:
(a)
the applicant:
(b)
any person who holds an interest in the proposed restrained property (including, if applicable, the respondent):
(c)
the Official Assignee.
(2)
Subsection (1) is subject to section 22.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 40(c)
Making restraining orders
24 Making restraining order relating to specific property that is potentially tainted
(1)
A court hearing an application for a restraining order relating to specific property may, if the court is satisfied it has reasonable grounds to believe that any property is tainted property, make an order that the property (restrained property)—
(a)
is not to be disposed of, or dealt with, other than is provided for in the restraining order; and
(b)
is to be under the Official Assignee’s custody and control.
(2)
A restraining order may be made under subsection (1) whether or not there is a respondent in relation to whom the restraining order relates.
Section 24 heading: amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 14 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
24A Making restraining order relating to specific property of associates of certain persons connected to organised criminal group
Grounds and making of order
(1)
A court hearing an application for a restraining order relating to specific property of the respondent may make an order under this section if satisfied that it has reasonable grounds to believe each of the following:
(a)
when the respondent acquired the specific property, the respondent was an associate of 1 or more members of or participants in an organised criminal group:
(b)
all or any of those members or participants have, as members of or participants in the group,—
(i)
been involved in significant criminal activity at any time; or
(ii)
unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity at any time:
(c)
the respondent’s convertible legitimate property for their acquisition of the specific property would have been insufficient to enable them to acquire the specific property at or near reasonable market value:
(d)
if the application relates to a single item of specific property, the amount calculated in accordance with the formula is at least the threshold amount:
(e)
if the application relates to more than 1 item of specific property, the sum of the amounts calculated in accordance with the formula for each item of specific property is at least the threshold amount.
(2)
The formula is—
x − y
where—
- x
is the reasonable market value of the specific property when the application was made
- y
is the value represented by the exempt proportion of the specific property when the application was made.
(3)
The restraining order that the court may make is an order that the property to which it applies (the restrained property)—
(a)
is not to be disposed of, or dealt with, other than as provided for in the restraining order; and
(b)
is to be under the Official Assignee’s custody and control.
Formal valuation not required and estimate of relevant values sufficient
(4)
In an application made for the purposes of this section, the Commissioner is not required to provide the court with any formal valuation, and may provide estimates, as evidence of any of the following (the relevant property values):
(a)
the value of any property that the Commissioner alleges is the respondent’s convertible legitimate property for the respondent’s acquisition of the specific property to which the application relates:
(b)
the value of any property, at the relevant time before the respondent acquired the specific property, that the Commissioner alleges is excluded by paragraph (b) of the definition of convertible legitimate property in section 5B(3):
(c)
the reasonable market value of specific property at the following dates:
(i)
the date on which it was acquired by the respondent:
(ii)
the date of the application.
(5)
For the purposes of this section, the court may rely on estimates provided by the Commissioner as evidence of the relevant property values.
Section 24A: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 15 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
25 Making restraining order relating to all or part of respondent’s property
(1)
A court hearing an application for a restraining order relating to all or part of a respondent’s property may, if the court is satisfied it has reasonable grounds to believe that the respondent has unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity, make an order that the property it specifies in the order (restrained property)—
(a)
is not to be disposed of, or dealt with, other than is provided for in the restraining order; and
(b)
is to be under the Official Assignee’s custody and control.
(2)
A restraining order made under subsection (1) may relate to any of the following:
(a)
all of a respondent’s property (including property acquired after the making of the order):
(b)
specified parts of a respondent’s property:
(c)
all of a respondent’s property (including property acquired after the making of the order) other than specifically excluded property.
Compare: 1991 No 120 ss 39(2)(b), (c), 42(1)
26 Making restraining order relating to instrument of crime
(1)
A court hearing an application for a restraining order relating to an instrument of crime may, if either of the circumstances in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (2) exist, make an order that the property it specifies in the order (restrained property)—
(a)
is not to be disposed of, or dealt with, other than is provided for in the restraining order; and
(b)
is to be under the Official Assignee’s custody and control.
(2)
The circumstances are—
(a)
that—
(i)
the respondent has been charged with a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence; and
(ii)
the court is satisfied it has reasonable grounds to believe that the property referred to in the application is an instrument of crime used to facilitate that qualifying instrument forfeiture offence; or
(b)
that the court is satisfied it has reasonable grounds to believe—
(i)
that the respondent will be charged with a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence within 48 hours; and
(ii)
that the property referred to in the application is an instrument of crime used to facilitate that qualifying instrument forfeiture offence.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 42(1)
Registration of restraining orders
27 Registration of restraining orders on registers
(1)
Subsection (2) applies if a restraining order is made against property of a kind that is covered by a New Zealand enactment that enables the registration of—
(a)
title to that property; or
(b)
charges over that property.
(2)
If this subsection applies, any authority responsible for administering an enactment of the kind referred to in subsection (1) must, if requested to do so by the applicant for the restraining order, record on the register the particulars of the restraining order.
(3)
If the particulars are so recorded on the register, any person who subsequently deals with the property is deemed to have notice of the restraining order at the time of the dealing.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 57
Conditions on restraining order
28 Conditions on restraining order
(1)
A court may make a restraining order subject to any conditions the court thinks fit including, without limitation, conditions that provide for the following to be met out of a respondent’s restrained property:
(a)
the reasonable living costs of the respondent and any of his or her dependants:
(b)
the reasonable business expenses of the respondent:
(c)
the payment of any specified debt incurred by the respondent in good faith:
(d)
any other expenses allowed by the court.
(2)
Despite subsection (1)(d), a court may not allow any legal expenses to be met out of a respondent’s restrained property.
(3)
In determining whether or not to make a restraining order subject to a condition, the court must have regard to the ability of a respondent to meet the reasonable living costs, expenses, or debt concerned out of property that is not restrained property.
(4)
In this section a dependant is a person who is dependent on the respondent and who is either or both—
(a)
a child of the respondent:
(b)
a member of the household of the respondent.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 42(2), (3)
Undertakings as to damages or costs in relation to restraining orders
29 Undertakings as to damages or costs in relation to restraining orders
(1)
A court may require an applicant for a restraining order, or an applicant for an extension of the duration of a restraining order under section 41, to give satisfactory undertakings with respect to the payment of damages or costs, or both, in relation to the making, operation, or extension of the duration of the restraining order.
(2)
A court may decline to make a restraining order or extend the duration of a restraining order if the applicant for the order or extension fails to give the court the undertakings with respect to the payment of damages or costs, or both, that the court requires.
(3)
Any expense incurred by the Crown in satisfaction of an undertaking given on behalf of the Crown under subsection (1) may be incurred without further appropriation than this section.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 45
Excluding severable interest from restrained property
30 Excluding severable interest from restrained property
(1)
A person (other than the respondent) who has a severable interest in proposed restrained property or restrained property may apply to the court that is to consider, or has considered, the application for a restraining order to have that person’s severable interest excluded from—
(a)
a restraining order that the court may make; or
(b)
a restraining order the court has made.
(2)
The court must exclude a severable interest from proposed restrained property or restrained property at, or after, the time a restraining order is made if the applicant proves on the balance of probabilities—
(a)
that the applicant has an interest in the property to which the restraining order relates; and
(b)
if the order was or is to be made under section 24 or 25, that the applicant has not unlawfully benefited from the significant criminal activity to which the restraining order relates; and
(ba)
if the order was or is to be made under section 24A, that the applicant has not unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity in which any persons (as members of or participants in the organised criminal group that is referred to in section 24A(1)(a)) have been involved at any time; and
(c)
if the order was or is to be made under section 26, that the applicant was not involved in the qualifying instrument forfeiture offence to which the restraining order relates.
(3)
The court may exclude a severable interest from proposed restrained property or restrained property at, or after, the time a restraining order is made if it considers that it is in the public interest to do so, having regard to all the circumstances, including, without limitation,—
(a)
any undue hardship that is reasonably likely to be caused to any person by the severable interest in property being made or having been made restrained property:
(b)
the gravity of any significant criminal activity or the qualifying instrument forfeiture offence with which the property in which the person has a severable interest is associated:
(c)
the likelihood that the interest will become subject to a forfeiture order.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 48
Section 30(2)(ba): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 16(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 30(3)(b): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 16(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
31 Excluding severable interest from restrained property when applicant mortgagee
(1)
Subsection (2) applies if—
(a)
an applicant to exclude a severable interest from proposed restrained property or restrained property under section 30(1) is a mortgagee; and
(b)
as a result of the mortgagee’s application, a court excludes the mortgagee’s interest; and
(c)
the property that is the subject of the mortgage is sold in order to exclude the mortgagee’s interest from the restrained property.
(2)
If this subsection applies, any proceeds resulting from the sale of the property that are payable to the mortgagor are, if the restraining order is made, restrained property, despite the proceeds from the sale not being property that the court originally restrained.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 48
Disposition or dealings set aside from restrained property
32 Certain disposition or dealing set aside from restrained property
(1)
A successful applicant for a restraining order may apply to the court that made the restraining order for an order that a disposition or dealing be set aside on the ground that restrained property was disposed of, or otherwise dealt with, in contravention of the restraining order.
(2)
On an application under subsection (1), the court may—
(a)
set the disposition or dealing aside—
(i)
as from the day on which the disposition or dealing took place; or
(ii)
as from the day of the order; and
(b)
declare the respective rights of any persons who acquired interests in the property on or after the day on which the disposition or dealing took place and before the day of the order.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 59
Further orders associated with restraining orders
33 Applying for further orders
(1)
An application for a further order may be made by—
(a)
the applicant for the restraining order with which the further order is associated; or
(b)
a person with an interest in the restrained property or proposed restrained property with which the further order is associated; or
(c)
the Official Assignee; or
(d)
with the leave of the court, any other person.
(2)
The applicant for the further order must serve a copy of the application on—
(a)
every person, or every other person (if the applicant is a party), who is a party to the proceeding in which—
(i)
the making of the associated restraining order is to be considered; or
(ii)
the associated restraining order was made; and
(b)
the Official Assignee.
(3)
The following persons are entitled to appear and to adduce evidence at the hearing of an application for a further order:
(a)
the applicant:
(b)
a person with an interest in the restrained property or proposed restrained property with which the further order is associated:
(c)
the Official Assignee:
(d)
with the leave of the court, any other person.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 47(3)
Section 33(2): replaced, on 25 February 2012, by section 5 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
34 Making further orders
(1)
On an application under section 33(1), a court may, if it considers it appropriate, make further orders in relation to the restrained property (which may, but need not, be an order of any 1 or more of the types referred to in section 35).
(2)
A further order may be made—
(a)
at the time the associated restraining order is made; or
(b)
at any later time before the expiry of the associated restraining order.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 47(1)
35 Types of further order
Without limiting the generality of section 34(1), a court may, on an application under section 33(1), make 1 or more of the following further orders in relation to restrained property:
(a)
an order varying the restrained property to which a restraining order relates:
(b)
an order varying any condition to which a restraining order is subject:
(c)
an order for any person (including, without limitation, the respondent) to be examined by the court or the registrar of the court concerning the nature and location of any restrained property:
(d)
an order relating to the carrying out of any undertaking given under section 29:
(e)
an order relating to the Official Assignee that—
(i)
regulates the manner in which the Official Assignee may exercise his or her powers or perform his or her duties under a restraining order:
(ii)
determines any question relating to the restrained property (including any question relating to the liabilities of any person holding an interest in the restrained property), or the exercise of the powers, or the performance of the duties, of the Official Assignee:
(iii)
requires the examination, before the Official Assignee, of any person holding an interest in the restrained property or any other person, concerning the nature and location of the restrained property:
(iv)
directs any person holding an interest in the restrained property to furnish the Official Assignee, within the time specified in the order, with a statement on oath setting out any particulars of that interest or that property that the court thinks fit:
(v)
directs the Official Assignee to sell restrained property (including, without limitation, a business) in order to preserve the value of the restrained property:
(vi)
directs the Official Assignee to make mortgage payments or payments in respect of any other encumbrance from the restrained property.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 47(2)
36 Impact of certain further orders
(1)
A person to whom an order made under section 35(c) or (e)(iii) or (iv) applies, is not excused from answering any question, or furnishing any information, on the ground that compliance with that requirement could or would tend to incriminate that person or subject that person to any penalty or forfeiture.
(2)
An examination by the Official Assignee under an order made under section 35(e)(iii) is a judicial proceeding within the meaning of section 108 of the Crimes Act 1961 (which relates to perjury).
(3)
A person required to be examined under an order made under section 35(c) or (e)(iii) must, before being required to comply with any requirements imposed by the order, be given a reasonable opportunity to arrange for a lawyer to accompany the person.
(4)
The proceeds of a sale resulting from an order made under section 35(e)(v) are restrained property, despite the proceeds from the sale not being the property that the court originally restrained.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 47(5), (6)
Duration of restraining orders and further orders
37 Duration of restraining orders and further orders
(1)
A restraining order expires on the earlier of the following:
(a)
the date that is the end of the period that is 1 year after the date on which the restraining order is made:
(b)
the date of the making or declining of a forfeiture order associated with the same property.
(2)
Despite subsection (1),—
(a)
if a court declines to make a forfeiture order, but the applicant indicates that the applicant will appeal that decision, a restraining order expires on the date specified in section 38; and
(b)
if a restraining order is applied for without notice, it expires on the date specified in section 39; and
(c)
if a restraining order relates to an instrument of crime and the circumstances in section 40 apply to it, the restraining order expires on the date specified in that section; and
(d)
if the duration of a restraining order is extended by a court, the restraining order expires on the date specified by the court under section 41; and
(e)
if a restraining order relates to property in which no person has claimed an interest, the restraining order expires on the date that the relevant application for a forfeiture order is determined, which must not be determined earlier than 1 year after the making of the restraining order.
(3)
On the expiry of a restraining order, any further order associated with that restraining order also expires.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 65(1)
38 Duration of restraining order when application for forfeiture order declined
A restraining order that is in force at the time that a court declines to make a forfeiture order that is associated with the same property does not expire, if section 37(2)(a) applies, until—
(a)
the date that is the end of a period of 7 working days from the date of that decision, if an appeal has not been lodged in the court by that date; or
(b)
if an appeal has been lodged in the court by that date, on the date of the withdrawal or determination of that appeal, or, if a further appeal is lodged, on the date of the withdrawal or determination of that further appeal.
39 Duration of restraining order when application without notice
(1)
A restraining order made as a result of an application made without notice under section 22 (restraining order A) ceases to be in force on the date that is the end of the period of 7 days commencing on the date on which restraining order A is made.
(2)
However, if, before restraining order A expires, an application is made with notice for a restraining order on notice (restraining order B) in relation to the same property to which restraining order A relates (whether or not the application also relates to any other property), restraining order A continues in force until the application for restraining order B is finally disposed of.
(3)
An applicant for restraining order B must prosecute the application with all due diligence, and if the applicant does not do so, the court may, on the application of any party to the proceedings, order that the proceedings be struck out.
(4)
If an application is made for restraining order B, the court must, so far as it is practicable and consistent with the interests of justice, ensure that the application is dealt with speedily.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 41(2)–(5)
40 Duration of restraining order relating to instrument of crime in certain circumstances
(1)
A restraining order that relates to an instrument of crime made under section 26(2)(b) expires at the end of the period of 48 hours after the making of the order (the 48-hour period) if the defendant has not been charged with the offence, or a related qualifying instrument forfeiture offence, with which the instrument of crime is associated before the expiry of the 48-hour period.
(2)
Subsection (3) applies if—
(a)
a restraining order is made in reliance on—
(i)
a person’s conviction for a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence under section 26(2)(a) or the charging of a person with a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence; or
(ii)
the proposed charging of a person with a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence under section 26(2)(b), and the person is, within the 48-hour period, charged with the offence or a related qualifying instrument forfeiture offence; and
(b)
either of the following occurs:
(i)
the charge is withdrawn and the person is not charged with a related qualifying instrument forfeiture offence by the time the charge is withdrawn:
(ii)
the person is acquitted of the charge or the conviction is quashed and the person has not been charged with a related qualifying instrument forfeiture offence by the time of the acquittal or quashing.
(3)
If this subsection applies, the restraining order expires on the date when—
(a)
the charge is withdrawn; or
(b)
the acquittal or quashing occurs.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 65
41 Extending duration of restraining order
(1)
If a court has made a restraining order, the applicant for that order may, before the restraining order expires, apply to that court to extend its duration.
(2)
If an application is made under subsection (1), the court may order that the operation of the restraining order be extended for a period not exceeding 1 year.
(3)
The duration of a restraining order may be extended more than once under this section.
(4)
If, before a restraining order would otherwise expire under section 37(1), an application is made to a court under this section and the application is granted, the restraining order ceases to be in force on the date specified in the court’s order.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66(1), (2)
42 Additional matters relating to extending duration of restraining order
(1)
On making any order under section 41(2), the court may vary the restraining order in any way it considers fit, including, without limitation, by specifying whether all or part of the restrained property is to remain subject to the restraining order during the extended period of operation.
(2)
An applicant for an order under section 41(1) must serve a copy of the application on any person who, to the knowledge of the applicant, has an interest in the property that is the subject of the application.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66(3), (4)
Subpart 3—Civil forfeiture orders
Applications for civil forfeiture orders
43 Who may apply
The Commissioner may apply for a civil forfeiture order.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 8(1)
44 Application to High Court
An application for a civil forfeiture order must be made to the High Court.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 8(2)
Notice and entitlement to be heard in relation to civil forfeiture orders
45 Application for civil forfeiture order on notice
(1)
The Commissioner must serve a copy of an application for a civil forfeiture order, so far as is practicable to do so, on every person who, to the knowledge of the Commissioner, has an interest in the property to which the application relates (including, if applicable, the respondent).
(2)
The Commissioner must also serve a copy of the application on the Official Assignee.
(3)
On an application for a civil forfeiture order, the High Court may, at any time before the application is finally determined, direct the Commissioner to serve notice of the application on a specified person or class of persons, in the manner and within the time the Court thinks fit.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 10(1)
46 Who may be heard at hearing for civil forfeiture order
The following persons are entitled to appear and to adduce evidence at the hearing of an application for a civil forfeiture order:
(a)
the applicant; and
(b)
any person on whom the application is served (including, if applicable, the respondent); and
(c)
any other person who claims an interest in the property to which the application relates.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 10(2)
Matters relating to application for civil forfeiture order
47 Amending application for civil forfeiture order
(1)
The High Court may amend an application for a civil forfeiture order—
(a)
on the Court’s own initiative; or
(b)
at the request of the Commissioner.
(2)
However, the Court must not amend an application for a civil forfeiture order to include additional property, proceeds, or benefits unless the Court is satisfied that—
(a)
the additional property, proceeds, or benefits were not reasonably able to be identified when the application for the civil forfeiture order was made; or
(b)
the evidence necessary to support the application in relation to the additional property, proceeds, or benefits only became available after the application for the civil forfeiture order was made.
(3)
If the Court amends an application under this section, the Court must direct the Commissioner to serve notice of the amendment on—
(a)
every person referred to in section 46; and
(b)
any person who the Commissioner has reason to believe may have an interest in any additional property included in the application by the amendment.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 12
48 Notice of application for civil forfeiture order may be recorded on registers
(1)
Subsection (2) applies if an application is made for a civil forfeiture order against property of a kind that is covered by a New Zealand enactment that enables the registration of—
(a)
title to that property; or
(b)
charges over that property.
(2)
If this subsection applies, the High Court hearing the application may, at any time before finally determining it, order any authority responsible for administering an enactment of the kind referred to in subsection (1) (an Authority) to enter on the register a note of the fact that an application has been made for a civil forfeiture order against the property.
(3)
The Court must order an Authority to cancel an entry made on a register under subsection (2) if—
(a)
the application to which the entry relates is finally determined and the specified period (as described in section 82(2) for assets forfeiture orders and section 83(2) for profit forfeiture orders) has expired; or
(b)
proceedings for the application to which the entry relates are discontinued for any reason (including, without limitation, because the application is withdrawn); or
(c)
the application to which the entry relates is amended so as to exclude the property in respect of which the entry is made.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 11
Type 1 assets forfeiture order: application and making
Heading: replaced, on 27 July 2023, by section 17 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
49 Contents of application for type 1 assets forfeiture order
The Commissioner must specify the following in an application for a type 1 assets forfeiture order:
(a)
the property that the Commissioner alleges is tainted property; and
(b)
the grounds for the Commissioner’s belief that the property is tainted property; and
(c)
the respondent (if any); and
(d)
any other persons who, to the knowledge of the Commissioner, have an interest in the property to which the application relates.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 9
Section 49 heading: replaced, on 27 July 2023, by section 18(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 49: amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 18(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Making assets forfeiture order[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 19 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
50 Making type 1 assets forfeiture order
(1)
If, on an application for a type 1 assets forfeiture order, the High Court is satisfied on the balance of probabilities that specific property is tainted property, the Court must make a type 1 assets forfeiture order in respect of that specific property.
(2)
Subsection (1) is subject to section 51.
(2A)
The specific property is presumed to be tainted property if the Commissioner shows, on the balance of probabilities, that the respondent was served with a disclosure of source order in relation to that property and that the respondent—
(a)
failed to comply with the order; or
(b)
in purported compliance with the order, made a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular.
(2B)
The presumption may be rebutted if the respondent shows, on the balance of probabilities, that—
(a)
the respondent had a reasonable excuse for failing to comply with the order or for making the false or misleading statement (as the case may be); or
(b)
the specific property is not tainted property.
(2C)
The presumption applies (so long as it is not rebutted) whether or not the respondent has been convicted of an offence against section 152.
(2D)
The presumption does not apply if the Court is satisfied that it would not be in the interests of justice for the presumption to apply.
(3)
The Court must specify in a type 1 assets forfeiture order the property to which the order applies and that the property—
(a)
vests in the Crown absolutely; and
(b)
is in the custody and control of the Official Assignee.
(4)
Despite subsection (1), the Court may not make a type 1 assets forfeiture order in relation to property that no person has claimed an interest in, unless the Court is satisfied, on the balance of probabilities, of the following additional matters:
(a)
that a restraining order was earlier made in relation to the same property; and
(b)
that the restraining order has been in place for a period of at least 1 year; and
(c)
that the Commissioner has contacted or made all reasonable efforts to contact any person the Commissioner believes may have an interest in the property.
(5)
If any property that is land is vested in the Crown absolutely as a consequence of a type 1 assets forfeiture order made under subsection (3), an interest recorded on the title to the land that is not affected by the type 1 assets forfeiture order is not extinguished.
Compare: 1991 No 120 ss 15(1), 16(1)
Section 50 heading: amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(1): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(2A): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(3) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(2B): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(3) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(2C): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(3) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(2D): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(3) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(3): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(4): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(5): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 50(5): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 20(4) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Type 2 assets forfeiture order: application and making
Heading: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 21 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
50A Contents of application for type 2 assets forfeiture order
(1)
The Commissioner must specify each of the following in an application for a type 2 assets forfeiture order:
(a)
the respondent:
(b)
the specific property of the respondent to which the application relates:
(c)
the reasonable market value of the specific property, as determined by the Commissioner, at the following dates:
(i)
the date on which it was acquired by the respondent:
(ii)
the date of the application:
(d)
the property that the Commissioner alleges was the respondent’s convertible legitimate property for the respondent’s acquisition of the specific property (see section 50B):
(e)
the value of the alleged convertible legitimate property, as determined by the Commissioner, at the relevant time before the respondent acquired the specific property:
(f)
the property that the Commissioner alleges is excluded legitimate property:
(g)
the value of the alleged excluded legitimate property, as determined by the Commissioner, at the relevant time before the respondent acquired the specific property:
(h)
any persons other than the respondent who, to the knowledge of the Commissioner, have an interest in the specific property to which the application relates.
(2)
In this section, excluded legitimate property means property of the respondent that is excluded by paragraph (b) of the definition of convertible legitimate property in section 5B(3).
Section 50A: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 21 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
50B Convertible legitimate property presumed to be property stated in application
(1)
For the purposes of section 50C (including when determining the exempt proportion of specific property of the respondent), the respondent’s convertible legitimate property for their acquisition of specific property is presumed to consist of the property that the application for the type 2 assets forfeiture order states is that convertible legitimate property.
(2)
However, that presumption may be rebutted by the respondent to the extent that the respondent satisfies the court, on the balance of probabilities, that the respondent’s convertible legitimate property for the acquisition consisted of—
(a)
some or all of the property stated in the application and other property; or
(b)
other property not stated in the application.
Section 50B: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 21 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
50C Making type 2 assets forfeiture order
(1)
The High Court must make a type 2 assets forfeiture order, in respect of specific property of a respondent to which an application for the order relates, if satisfied, on the balance of probabilities, that,—
(a)
when the respondent acquired the specific property, the respondent was an associate of 1 or more members of or participants in an organised criminal group; and
(b)
all or any of those members or participants have, as members of or participants in the group,—
(i)
been involved in significant criminal activity at any time; or
(ii)
unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity at any time; and
(c)
the respondent’s convertible legitimate property for their acquisition of the specific property would have been insufficient to enable them to acquire the specific property at or near reasonable market value; and
(d)
if the application relates to a single item of specific property, the amount calculated in accordance with the formula is at least the threshold amount; and
(e)
if the application relates to more than 1 item of specific property, the sum of the amounts calculated in accordance with the formula for each item of specific property is at least the threshold amount.
(2)
However, the Court must not make a type 2 assets forfeiture order in respect of specific property if—
(a)
the respondent satisfies the Court, on the balance of probabilities, that the specific property is not tainted property; or
(b)
the Court is satisfied that it would not be in the interests of justice to make the order.
(3)
See also section 51 (exclusion of respondent’s property from assets forfeiture order because of undue hardship) and sections 61 to 69 (which relate to relief from a civil forfeiture order for persons other than a respondent).
(4)
The formula is—
x − y
where—
- x
is the reasonable market value of the specific property when the application was made
- y
is the value represented by the exempt proportion of the specific property when the application was made.
Section 50C: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 21 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
50D Matters to be specified in type 2 assets forfeiture order
(1)
The Court must specify in a type 2 assets forfeiture order the specific property to which the order applies (the subject property) and that the subject property—
(a)
vests in the Crown absolutely to the extent of the interest specified in the order; and
(b)
is in the custody and control of the Official Assignee.
(2)
The interest that vests in the Crown is to be expressed as a proportion of the value of the subject property that remains after excluding the exempt proportion (if any) of that property.
(3)
To the extent that the respondent satisfies the Court, on the balance of probabilities, that a proportion of the value of the subject property is not attributable to significant criminal activity,—
(a)
that proportion is to be treated as the exempt proportion for the purpose of subsection (2); and
(b)
the definition in section 5B(4) does not apply for that purpose.
(4)
The proportion of the value that is not attributable to significant criminal activity is the proportion of that value that—
(a)
was not acquired by the respondent as a result of significant criminal activity engaged in by any person; and
(b)
was not directly or indirectly derived by the respondent from significant criminal activity engaged in by any person.
Section 50D: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 21 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Exclusion from type 1 or type 2 assets forfeiture order
Heading: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 22 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
51 Exclusion of respondent’s property from assets forfeiture order because of undue hardship
(1)
The High Court may, on an application made by the respondent before an assets forfeiture order is made, exclude certain property from an assets forfeiture order if it considers that, having regard to all of the circumstances, undue hardship is reasonably likely to be caused to the respondent if the property is included in the assets forfeiture order.
(2)
The circumstances the Court may have regard to under subsection (1) include, without limitation,—
(a)
the use that is ordinarily made, or was intended to be made, of the property that is, or is proposed to be, the subject of the assets forfeiture order; and
(b)
the nature and extent of the respondent’s interest in the property; and
(c)
in the case of a type 1 assets forfeiture order, the circumstances of the significant criminal activity to which the order relates.
Section 51(2)(c): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 23 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Profit forfeiture order: application and making
Heading: replaced, on 27 July 2023, by section 24 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
52 Contents of application for profit forfeiture order
An application for a profit forfeiture order must—
(a)
name the respondent; and
(b)
describe the significant criminal activity within the relevant period of criminal activity from which the respondent is alleged to have unlawfully benefited; and
(c)
state the value of that benefit; and
(d)
identify the property in which the respondent holds interests and the nature of those interests.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 9
Making profit forfeiture order[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 25 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
53 Value of benefit presumed to be value in application
(1)
If the Commissioner proves, on the balance of probabilities, that the respondent has, in the relevant period of criminal activity, unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity, the value of that benefit is presumed to be the value stated in—
(a)
the application under section 52(c); or
(b)
if the case requires, the amended application.
(2)
The presumption stated in subsection (1) may be rebutted by the respondent on the balance of probabilities.
54 High Court must determine maximum recoverable amount
(1)
Before the High Court makes a profit forfeiture order, the Court must determine the maximum recoverable amount by—
(a)
taking the value of the benefit determined in accordance with section 53; and
(b)
deducting from that the value of any property forfeited to the Crown as a result of a type 1 assets forfeiture order made in relation to the same significant criminal activity to which the profit forfeiture order relates.
(2)
In determining the value of any property under subsection (1)(b), the Court may, at its own discretion or at the request of either party to the proceedings, seek an independent valuation as to the value of the property.
(3)
If a type 1 assets forfeiture order relating to a determination under this section is discharged on appeal, the Court may, on application by the Commissioner, vary the maximum recoverable amount in the profit forfeiture order to reflect that there is no longer a deduction to be made on account of the type 1 assets forfeiture order.
Section 54(1)(b): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 26(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 54(3): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 26(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 54(3): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 26(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
55 Making profit forfeiture order
(1)
The High Court must make a profit forfeiture order if it is satisfied on the balance of probabilities that—
(a)
the respondent has unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity within the relevant period of criminal activity; and
(b)
the respondent has interests in property.
(2)
The order must specify—
(a)
the value of the benefit determined in accordance with section 53; and
(b)
the maximum recoverable amount determined in accordance with section 54; and
(c)
the property that is to be disposed of in accordance with section 83(1), being property in which the respondent has, or is treated as having, interests.
(3)
Subsections (1) and (2) are subject to section 56.
(4)
A profit forfeiture order is enforceable as an order made as a result of civil proceedings instituted by the Crown against the person to recover a debt due to it, and the maximum recoverable amount is recoverable from the respondent by the Official Assignee on behalf of the Crown as a debt due to the Crown.
56 Exclusion of respondent’s property from profit forfeiture order because of undue hardship
(1)
The High Court may, on an application made by the respondent before a profit forfeiture order is made, exclude certain property from being able to be realised under section 55(2)(c) if it considers that, having regard to all of the circumstances, undue hardship is reasonably likely to be caused to the respondent if the property were realised.
(2)
The circumstances the Court may have regard to under subsection (1) include, without limitation,—
(a)
the use that is ordinarily made, or was intended to be made, of the property that is, or is proposed to be, the subject of the profit forfeiture order; and
(b)
the nature and extent of the respondent’s interest in the property; and
(c)
the circumstances of the significant criminal activity to which the profit forfeiture order relates.
(3)
After a profit forfeiture order is made, nothing in this section prohibits a respondent from realising the property that was excluded from being able to be realised under section 55(2)(c) if—
(a)
after realising other property under that section there is still a debt owed to the Crown under section 55(4); and
(b)
the respondent agrees to realise the excluded property in order to pay all or part of that debt.
57 Profit forfeiture order if respondent has absconded
(1)
The High Court may make a profit forfeiture order even if the respondent has absconded.
(2)
In subsection (1), a respondent has absconded if the respondent—
(a)
is unable to be found; or
(b)
by reason of being outside New Zealand, is not amenable to justice.
Matters associated with making civil forfeiture order
59 Additional matters in respect of making civil forfeiture order
(1)
In making a civil forfeiture order, the High Court may do either or both of the following:
(a)
declare the nature, extent, and value of any person’s interest in property specified in the civil forfeiture order:
(b)
give any directions that may be necessary and convenient for giving effect to the civil forfeiture order.
(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1)(b), if a Court makes a civil forfeiture order against any property the title to which is passed by registration on a register maintained under any New Zealand enactment, the Court may direct an officer of the Court to do anything reasonably necessary to obtain possession of any document required to effect the transfer of the property and for that purpose may, by warrant, authorise an officer to enter and search any place or thing and seize any document.
(3)
Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (except subpart 6), so far as applicable and with all necessary modifications, applies in relation to a warrant issued under subsection (2) as if it were a warrant issued under section 101 to a member of the police.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 15(3)–(7)
Section 59(3): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 214(1) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
60 Civil forfeiture order relating to land
(1)
Nothing in section 50, 50C, 50D, or 55 affects the operation of section 89 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 in relation to a civil forfeiture order made in respect of an estate or interest in land under that Act.
(2)
If the High Court makes a civil forfeiture order in respect of an estate or interest in land, the order must be transmitted by the Registrar of the Court to the Registrar-General of Land or the Registrar of Deeds, as the case may be, for the purposes of registration under the Land Transfer Act 2017 or the Deeds Registration Act 1908, as the case may require.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 16(2), (3)
Section 60(1): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 28 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 60(1): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Section 60(2): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Relief from civil forfeiture order for persons other than respondent
61 Person (other than respondent) may apply for relief before civil forfeiture order made or declined
At any time after an application for a civil forfeiture order has been made and before the civil forfeiture order is made or declined, a person (other than the respondent) who claims an interest in the property sought to be forfeited under a civil forfeiture order may apply for an order for relief.
62 Person (other than respondent) may apply for relief for limited period after civil forfeiture order made
(1)
Subsection (2) applies at any time after a civil forfeiture order is made and before—
(a)
the date that is 6 months from the date on which the civil forfeiture order was made; or
(b)
the date that is the expiry of any further time allowed by the High Court.
(2)
A person (other than the respondent) who claims an interest in the property to which the civil forfeiture order relates may apply for an order for relief.
(3)
However, if the applicant who seeks relief appeared at the hearing of the application or amended application for the civil forfeiture order or was served with that application, the Court may not grant relief in the absence of special reasons.
(4)
Special reasons under subsection (3) include, without limitation, that the Court is satisfied—
(a)
that the applicant had a good reason for failing to attend the hearing of the application for the civil forfeiture order; or
(b)
that evidence proposed to be adduced by the applicant in connection with the application under subsection (2) was not reasonably available to the applicant at the time of the hearing of the application for the civil forfeiture order.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 17(1), (2), (4)–(6)
63 Application for relief from civil forfeiture order to identify nature and reasons for relief sought
An application for an order for relief from a civil forfeiture order made under section 61 or 62 must specify the following:
(a)
the property and the interest in that property in respect of which the person seeks relief; and
(b)
the reasons why the applicant should be given relief in relation to that interest.
64 Application for relief from civil forfeiture on notice
An applicant for an order for relief from a civil forfeiture order made under section 61 or 62 must serve notice of the application on the following persons:
(a)
the Commissioner:
(b)
the Official Assignee:
(c)
any other person (including any former interest holder) who claims an interest in the property sought to be affected by the order for relief.
65 Appearing at hearing for relief from civil forfeiture order
The following persons are entitled to appear and to adduce evidence at the hearing of an application for an order for relief from a civil forfeiture order made under section 61 or 62:
(a)
the applicant:
(b)
the Commissioner:
(c)
the Official Assignee:
(d)
any other person (including any former interest holder) who claims an interest in the property sought to be affected by the order for relief.
66 Making order for relief from civil forfeiture order where person has interest and was not involved in significant criminal activity
(1)
On receipt of an application for an order for relief from a civil forfeiture order under section 61 or 62, the High Court must grant the relief that the Court considers appropriate if the applicant proves on the balance of probabilities that the applicant—
(a)
has an interest, or would but for any civil forfeiture order have an interest, in the property to which the application relates; and
(b)
has not unlawfully benefited from the following significant criminal activity:
(i)
in the case of a type 2 assets forfeiture order or proposed type 2 assets forfeiture order, any significant criminal activity in which any persons (as members of or participants in the organised criminal group that is referred to in section 50C(1)(a)) have been involved at any time:
(ii)
in any other case, the significant criminal activity to which the civil forfeiture order or proposed civil forfeiture order relates.
(2)
The High Court may make an order for relief under this section at or after the time the associated civil forfeiture order is made.
Section 66(1)(b): replaced, on 27 July 2023, by section 29 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
67 Making order for relief from civil forfeiture order on grounds of undue hardship
(1)
On an application for an order for relief from a civil forfeiture order under section 61 or 62, the High Court may grant the application if it considers that, having regard to all of the circumstances, undue hardship is reasonably likely to be caused to the applicant if relief is not granted.
(2)
The circumstances the Court may have regard to under subsection (1) include, without limitation,—
(a)
the use that is ordinarily made, or was intended to be made, of the property that is, or is proposed to be, the subject of the civil forfeiture order; and
(b)
the nature and extent of any person’s interest in the property; and
(c)
the degree, if any, to which the person had knowledge of any significant criminal activity to which the civil forfeiture order or proposed civil forfeiture order relates; and
(d)
the circumstances of any significant criminal activity to which the civil forfeiture order or proposed civil forfeiture order relates.
Section 67(2)(c): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 30(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 67(2)(d): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 30(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
68 Matters associated with relief from civil forfeiture order when interest severable
If the High Court grants relief from a civil forfeiture order under section 66 or 67 in respect of a severable interest it must,—
(a)
in the case of an application made under section 61, direct that the severable interest not be included in any civil forfeiture order; or
(b)
in the case of an application made under section 62, direct the Official Assignee to transfer the severable interest to the applicant.
69 Matters associated with relief from civil forfeiture order when interest not severable
A High Court that grants relief from a civil forfeiture order under section 66 or 67 in respect of an interest that is not severable from the property that is, or is to be, the subject of a civil forfeiture order must direct the Crown to pay the applicant an amount equal to the value of that interest.
Subpart 4—Instrument forfeiture orders
Effect of instrument forfeiture order
70 Effect of instrument forfeiture order
(1)
An instrument forfeiture order made under section 142N of the Sentencing Act 2002 must specify the property to which the instrument forfeiture order relates and that the property—
(a)
vests in the Crown absolutely; and
(b)
is in the custody and control of the Official Assignee.
(2)
If any property that is land is vested in the Crown absolutely as a consequence of an instrument forfeiture order made under subsection (1), an interest recorded on the title to the land that is not affected by the instrument forfeiture order is not extinguished.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 16(1), (3)
71 Additional matters in respect of making instrument forfeiture order
(1)
In making an instrument forfeiture order, the court may do all or any of the following:
(a)
declare the nature, extent, and value of any person’s interest in property specified in the order:
(b)
give any directions that may be necessary and convenient for giving effect to the instrument forfeiture order.
(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1)(b), if a court makes an instrument forfeiture order against any property the title to which is passed by registration on a register maintained under any New Zealand enactment, the court may direct an officer of the court to do anything reasonably necessary to obtain possession of any document required to effect the transfer of the property and for that purpose may, by warrant, authorise an officer to enter and search any place or thing and seize any document.
(3)
Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (except subpart 6), so far as applicable and with all necessary modifications, applies in relation to a warrant issued under subsection (2) as if it were a warrant issued under section 101 to a member of the police.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 15(3)–(7)
Section 71(3): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 214(2) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
72 Instrument forfeiture order relating to land
(1)
Nothing in section 70 affects the operation of section 89 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 in relation to an instrument forfeiture order made in respect of an estate or interest under that Act.
(2)
If a court makes an instrument forfeiture order in respect of an estate or interest in land, the order must be transmitted by the registrar of the court to the Registrar-General of Land or the Registrar of Deeds, as the case may be, for the purposes of registration under the Land Transfer Act 2017 or the Deeds Registration Act 1908, as the case may require.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 16(2), (3)
Section 72(1): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Section 72(2): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Disposal of forfeited property under instrument forfeiture order in certain circumstances
73 Time restraints on disposal of property forfeited under instrument forfeiture order
(1)
Unless a court that makes an instrument forfeiture order grants leave, property forfeited to the Crown under the instrument forfeiture order must not be disposed of, or otherwise dealt with, by or on behalf of the Crown by the Official Assignee under section 85, until the expiry of the relevant appeal period.
(2)
On the expiry of the relevant appeal period, if the instrument forfeiture order has not been discharged under section 74, the property may be disposed of, or otherwise dealt with, by the Official Assignee in accordance with section 85.
(3)
The expiry of the relevant appeal period is—
(a)
on the date when the time for taking appeals against the order expires and no appeals have been filed; or
(b)
on the date when all appeals in respect of the order have been withdrawn or finally determined.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 16(4), (5)
74 Discharge of instrument forfeiture order on appeal or quashing of conviction
(1)
If a court makes an instrument forfeiture order as part of the sentence or orders imposed on a person convicted of a qualifying instrument forfeiture offence, and the conviction is subsequently quashed, the quashing of the conviction discharges the instrument forfeiture order.
(2)
If an instrument forfeiture order is discharged as provided in subsection (1) or by a court hearing an appeal against the making of the order, the prosecutor must—
(a)
as soon as practicable after the discharge of the instrument forfeiture order, serve notice of the discharge on—
(i)
any person the prosecutor has reason to believe may be a former interest holder; and
(ii)
the Commissioner; and
(b)
if required to do so by a court, serve notice of the discharge of the instrument forfeiture order on any specified person or class of persons, in any manner and within any period directed by the court.
(3)
If an instrument forfeiture order is discharged in either of the ways referred to in subsection (2), the Official Assignee must,—
(a)
if any interest in the property is still vested in the Crown, arrange for the interest to be transferred to the former interest holder (if known); or
(b)
in any other case, and subject to section 76, arrange for payment to the person (if known) of an amount equal to the value of the person’s interest.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 19
75 Official Assignee may apply for directions regarding discharge of instrument forfeiture order under section 74
(1)
In any case where there is any question as to how to exercise his or her powers under section 74(3), the Official Assignee may apply to a court for directions concerning the matter, and the court may give any directions in the matter that it considers just.
(2)
If an application is made under subsection (1),—
(a)
the Official Assignee must serve notice of the application on every person that the Official Assignee has reason to believe may have an interest in the application:
(b)
the court may, at any time before the final determination of the application, direct the Official Assignee to serve notice of the application on a specified person or class of persons, in any manner and within any time that the court thinks fit:
(c)
every person who claims an interest in the application is entitled to appear and to adduce evidence at the hearing of the application.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 20
76 Double benefit not permitted
If, on any application for relief made under section 142J of the Sentencing Act 2002 in respect of any interest in any property, a court has made an order under section 142L(2)(b)(ii) or 142M(2)(a) of that Act, an amount equal to the amount payable by the Crown under that order must be deducted from any amount required to be paid, under section 74(3)(b), to that applicant in respect of that interest.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 21
Applications for relief relating to instrument forfeiture order
77 Applications for relief from instrument forfeiture order
(1)
A person (other than a person referred to in subsection (2)) may make an application for relief from an instrument forfeiture order under section 142J of the Sentencing Act 2002—
(a)
if the person claims an interest in property described in a notice issued under section 142B of the Sentencing Act 2002; or
(b)
on the ground that, having regard to all of the circumstances, undue hardship is reasonably likely to be caused to the person making the application or another person (other than a person referred to in subsection (2)) by the operation of an instrument forfeiture order.
(2)
A person who has been convicted of the qualifying instrument forfeiture offence to which a notice issued under section 142B of the Sentencing Act 2002 relates may not make an application for relief under section 142J of that Act in respect of any interest in property described in that notice.
Third party appeals from instrument forfeiture order
78 Third party appeals from instrument forfeiture order
(1)
If a court makes an instrument forfeiture order under section 142N of the Sentencing Act 2002, any person (other than the person who has been convicted of the qualifying instrument forfeiture offence to which a notice issued under section 142B of the Sentencing Act 2002 relates) who claims to be a former interest holder in the property that is the subject of the order may appeal against the making of the order.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1),—
(a)
subpart 6 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 applies as far as applicable with the necessary modifications:
(b)
[Repealed](c)
the court with jurisdiction to consider the appeal must determine—
(i)
in the case where an application for relief was made and determined under sections 142J to 142M of the Sentencing Act 2002, whether the decision of the court was correct:
(ii)
in the case where no application for relief was made before sentence was imposed, whether—
(A)
there is any good reason why the appellant failed to make an application for relief before the instrument forfeiture order was made; and
(B)
if so, whether relief ought to be granted, having regard to the requirements set out in section 142L or 142M of the Sentencing Act 2002 (whichever is applicable):
(d)
any notice or other document required to be given to either the prosecutor or the offender (whether under any provisions referred to in paragraph (a) or otherwise) must be given to both those persons.
(3)
Any appeal by an offender against sentence does not affect the right of any other person who claims to have an interest in the property that is the subject of the appeal to bring an appeal under this section.
Section 78(2)(a): replaced, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 78(2)(b): repealed, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
79 Power of appeal court to vary offender’s sentence
If an appeal by any person against the making of an instrument forfeiture order is successful, the court that allows the appeal may exercise the same powers in respect of any sentence or order imposed on the offender as it would be able to exercise on an appeal against sentence brought by the prosecutor or the offender.
Subpart 5—Official Assignee
Preserving value of certain property
80 Preserving value of certain property
(1)
The Official Assignee may do anything reasonably necessary to preserve the value of—
(a)
restrained property in his or her custody and control under a restraining order; and
(b)
foreign restrained property in his or her custody and control under a foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand; and
(c)
property in his or her custody and control under section 111.
(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the Official Assignee may do any of the following:
(a)
take, or become a party to, any civil proceedings affecting the property:
(b)
ensure that the property is insured:
(c)
if the property consists, wholly or in part, of securities or investments, realise or otherwise deal with the securities or investments:
(d)
if the property consists, wholly or in part, of a business, do anything that is necessary or convenient for carrying on that business.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 50
No liability for certain payments
81 Official Assignee not liable for certain payments on certain property
(1)
The Official Assignee is not personally liable for the payment of any rates, land tax, or other statutory charge imposed by or under any enactment in respect of restrained property or foreign restrained property in his or her custody and control under a restraining order or foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand, or in respect of any other property in his or her custody and control under section 111 unless—
(a)
the rates, land tax, or statutory charge fall due on or after the date of the making of the restraining order or registering of the foreign restraining order or the date on which the property was seized, as the case may be; and
(b)
only to the extent of any rents and profits received by the Official Assignee in respect of the property on or after that date.
(2)
The Official Assignee may not make mortgage payments in relation to restrained property or foreign restrained property unless directed by the court that made the restraining order or registered the foreign restraining order to do so out of the restrained property or foreign restrained property.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 61
Discharge of assets forfeiture orders by Official Assignee
82 Discharge of assets forfeiture order by Official Assignee
(1)
If a court makes an assets forfeiture order, the Official Assignee must, as soon as practicable after the expiry of the specified period (as described in subsection (2)), dispose of the property specified in the order and apply the money resulting from the disposal as follows:
(a)
first, by paying the costs recoverable by the Official Assignee under section 87:
(b)
secondly, by paying to the Legal Services Commissioner the amount (if any) payable by way of legal aid granted to the former interest holder (less any contributions paid by the former interest holder):
(c)
thirdly, by paying, in the order of priority set out in section 86E of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, any of the following amounts imposed on the former interest holder:
(i)
any amount of reparation (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(ii)
any offender levy (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(iii)
any other type of fine (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(d)
fourthly, by paying any remaining money to the Crown.
(2)
The specified period expires—
(a)
on the date that is 6 months after the time for bringing any appeal against the assets forfeiture order expires, if no appeal has been filed; or
(b)
on the date that is 6 months after all appeals in respect of the assets forfeiture order have been withdrawn or finally determined, if an appeal or any appeals have been filed.
(3)
Despite subsections (1) and (2), if the period for bringing an appeal against the assets forfeiture order has expired and no appeal has been filed or all appeals have been withdrawn or finally determined, the Official Assignee—
(a)
may realise any asset that makes up the property that is the subject of the assets forfeiture order; but
(b)
must, if he or she does so, hold the proceeds of realising those assets until the expiry of the specified period.
(4)
If the assets forfeiture order is a type 2 assets forfeiture order, the property may be disposed of only to the extent of the interest specified in the order.
(5)
If that interest is not severable from the property to which it relates, that property may be wholly disposed of, but—
(a)
the money resulting from the disposal that is to be applied under subsection (1) is limited to the proportion of the realised amount that is equal to the proportion referred to in section 50D(2); and
(b)
any remaining money must be paid to the former interest holder.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 54
Section 82(1)(b): amended, on 24 October 2019, by section 34 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 56).
Section 82(1)(c): replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 4 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 35).
Section 82(4): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 31 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 82(5): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 31 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Discharge of profit forfeiture order by Official Assignee
83 Discharge of profit forfeiture order by Official Assignee
(1)
If the High Court makes a profit forfeiture order, the Official Assignee must, as soon as practicable after the expiry of the specified period (as described in subsection (2)), dispose of the property specified in the order and apply the money resulting from the disposal as follows:
(a)
first, by paying the costs recoverable by the Official Assignee under section 87:
(b)
secondly, by paying to the Legal Services Commissioner the amount (if any) payable by way of legal aid granted to the former interest holder (less any contributions paid by the former interest holder):
(c)
thirdly, by paying, in the order of priority set out in section 86E of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, any of the following amounts imposed on the former interest holder:
(i)
any amount of reparation (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(ii)
any offender levy (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(iii)
any other type of fine (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(d)
fourthly, by paying to the Crown the following amount, less the sum of the payments made under paragraphs (a) to (c),—
(i)
if the sum resulting from realising the property is equal to, or more than, the maximum recoverable amount specified by the Court under section 55, the maximum recoverable amount:
(ii)
if the sum resulting from realising the property is less than the maximum recoverable amount, the sum resulting from realising the property:
(e)
fifthly, by paying any remaining money to the former interest holder.
(2)
The specified period expires—
(a)
on the date that is 6 months after the time for bringing any appeal against the profit forfeiture order expires, if no appeal has been filed; or
(b)
on the date that is 6 months after all appeals in respect of the profit forfeiture order have been withdrawn or finally determined, if an appeal or any appeals have been filed.
(3)
Despite subsections (1) and (2), if the period for bringing an appeal against the profit forfeiture order has expired and no appeal has been filed or all appeals have been withdrawn or finally determined, the Official Assignee—
(a)
may realise any asset that makes up the property that is the subject of the profit forfeiture order; but
(b)
must, if he or she does so, hold the proceeds of realising those assets until the expiry of the specified period.
(4)
Subsection (1)(d)(ii) does not prevent the Official Assignee from recovering, by any lawful means, the balance of the maximum recoverable amount that remains due to the Crown, after the Crown is paid a sum less than the maximum recoverable amount under the provision.
(5)
This section is subject to section 84 and any regulations made under section 173(d).
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 51
Section 83(1)(b): amended, on 24 October 2019, by section 35 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 56).
Section 83(1)(c): replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 5 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 35).
84 Bankruptcy in relation to profit forfeiture order
(1)
If, after a profit forfeiture order is made, the Official Assignee is given notice in writing of the filing of a creditor’s application in respect of the person under section 13 of the Insolvency Act 2006, the Official Assignee must, until the petition has been withdrawn or been disposed of, refrain from taking, or continuing to take, any of the following actions:
(a)
selling or disposing of the property specified in the order:
(b)
paying the amounts specified in section 83.
(2)
If a person whose property is the subject of a profit forfeiture order becomes bankrupt, the property that is the subject of the profit forfeiture order, if it has not yet been disposed of, ceases to be in the custody and control of the Official Assignee and is deemed to be vested in the Assignee of the bankrupt’s property under section 101 of the Insolvency Act 2006.
(3)
A profit forfeiture order made against a person is provable in the bankruptcy of that person.
(4)
To avoid doubt, subsection (3) applies despite anything in section 232(2) of the Insolvency Act 2006.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 60
Discharge of civil forfeiture order applying to interests in KiwiSaver scheme
Heading: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 32 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
84A Discharge of civil forfeiture order applying to interests in KiwiSaver scheme
(1)
To the extent that the property specified in a civil forfeiture order is an interest held by a person as a member of a KiwiSaver scheme, the interest must be disposed of in accordance with this section.
(2)
At the time that the property is required to be disposed of under section 82 or 83, the Official Assignee must notify the manager of the scheme.
(3)
As soon as practicable after the Official Assignee notifies the manager, the manager must arrange for an amount up to the member’s accumulation to be released into the custody and control of the Official Assignee.
(4)
In this section,—
KiwiSaver scheme has the meaning given to it in section 4(1) of the KiwiSaver Act 2006
manager, in relation to a KiwiSaver scheme, means the person who is the manager (as defined in section 6(1) of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013) of the scheme
member’s accumulation has the meaning given to it in section 4(1) of the KiwiSaver Act 2006.
Section 84A: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 32 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Discharge of instrument forfeiture order by Official Assignee
85 Discharge of instrument forfeiture order by Official Assignee
If a court makes an instrument forfeiture order, the Official Assignee must, as soon as practicable after the expiry of the relevant appeal period (defined in section 73(3)), dispose of the property specified in the order and apply the money resulting from the disposal as follows:
(a)
first, by paying the costs recoverable by the Official Assignee under section 87:
(b)
secondly, by paying to the Legal Services Commissioner the amount (if any) payable by way of legal aid granted to the former interest holder (less any contributions paid by the former interest holder):
(c)
thirdly, by paying, in the order of priority set out in section 86E of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957, any of the following outstanding amounts imposed on the former interest holder:
(i)
any amount of reparation (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(ii)
any offender levy (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(iii)
any other type of fine (as defined in section 79 of the Summary Proceedings Act 1957):
(d)
fourthly, by paying any remaining money to the Crown.
Section 85(b): amended, on 24 October 2019, by section 36 of the Statutes Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 56).
Section 85(c): replaced, on 1 August 2012, by section 6 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 35).
Discharge of foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand by Official Assignee
86 Discharge by Official Assignee of foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand
(1)
If a foreign forfeiture order is registered in New Zealand, the Official Assignee must, as soon as practicable after the expiry of the specified period (described in subsection (2)), dispose of the property specified in the order by—
(a)
paying the costs recoverable under section 87; and
(b)
paying the remaining money to the Attorney-General for disposal at his or her discretion.
(2)
The specified period expires—
(a)
on the date that is 6 months after the time for bringing any appeal against the registration of the foreign forfeiture order expires, if no appeal has been filed; or
(b)
on the date that is 6 months after all appeals in respect of the registration of the order have been withdrawn or finally determined, if an appeal or any appeals have been filed.
(3)
Despite subsections (1) and (2), if the period for bringing an appeal against the registration of a foreign forfeiture order has expired and no appeal has been filed or all appeals have been withdrawn or finally determined, the Official Assignee—
(a)
may realise any asset that makes up the property that is the subject of the registered foreign forfeiture order; but
(b)
must, if he or she does so, hold the proceeds of realising those assets until the expiry of the specified period.
Costs recoverable by Official Assignee
87 Costs recoverable by Official Assignee
(1)
The Official Assignee is entitled to recover, in respect of the exercise or performance by the Official Assignee or any delegate of the Official Assignee of functions or powers under this Act in respect of property, costs as may be prescribed or provided for in regulations made under this Act, if the Official Assignee—
(a)
takes custody and control of property under a restraining order, foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand, forfeiture order, or foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand; and
(b)
deals with or disposes of property under a forfeiture order, or foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand.
(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1), the costs that may be prescribed or provided for in regulations made under this Act include—
(a)
costs, charges, and expenses properly incurred or payable by or on behalf of the Official Assignee in connection with the exercise or performance, by the Official Assignee or any delegate of the Official Assignee, of functions or powers under this Act in respect of the property:
(b)
proper remuneration for work undertaken by any person (being the Official Assignee or any delegate of the Official Assignee or any other member of the staff of the Official Assignee) in connection with the exercise or performance, by the Official Assignee or any delegate of the Official Assignee, of functions or powers under this Act in respect of the property.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 63
Section 87(1)(a): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 6 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Delegation by Official Assignee
88 Delegation by Official Assignee
(1)
The Official Assignee may from time to time—
(a)
delegate all or any of the functions and powers conferred or imposed on the Official Assignee by or under this Act to the following persons:
(i)
the Deputy Official Assignee for New Zealand; or
(ii)
an Official Assignee or Deputy Official Assignee appointed under the Public Service Act 2020; and
(b)
delegate all or any of the functions and powers conferred or imposed on the Official Assignee under subpart 7 of Part 2 to any member of the police or any class of member of the police.
(2)
A delegation under subsection (1)—
(a)
must be in writing; and
(b)
may not include the power to delegate under subsection (1) unless it is a delegation to the Deputy Official Assignee.
(3)
The power of the Official Assignee to delegate under subsection (1) does not limit any power of delegation conferred on the Official Assignee by any other Act.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 86(1)–(4)
Section 88(1)(a)(ii): amended, on 7 August 2020, by section 135 of the Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40).
89 Acting under delegation from Official Assignee
(1)
A person to whom any functions or powers are delegated under section 88 may exercise or perform those functions or powers in the same manner and with the same effect as if they had been conferred or imposed on that person directly by this section and not by delegation.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), any delegated functions or powers must be exercised subject to any general or special directions given or conditions imposed by the Official Assignee.
(3)
A person purporting to act pursuant to any delegation under section 88 must, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to be acting in accordance with the terms of the delegation.
(4)
Any delegation under section 88 may be made—
(a)
subject to any restrictions and conditions that the Official Assignee thinks fit:
(b)
either generally or in relation to any particular case or class of cases.
(5)
No delegation under section 88 may—
(a)
affect or prevent the exercise or performance of any functions or powers by the Official Assignee; or
(b)
affect the responsibility of the Official Assignee for the actions of any person acting under the delegation.
(6)
Any person purporting to exercise or perform any functions or powers of the Official Assignee by virtue of a delegation under section 88 must, when required to do so, produce evidence of that person’s authority to exercise or perform the functions or powers.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 86(5)–(9)
90 Revocation of delegation from Official Assignee
(1)
Every delegation under section 88 is revocable in writing.
(2)
A delegation under section 88, until it is revoked, continues in force according to its tenor, even though the Official Assignee by whom it was made may have ceased to hold office, and continues to have effect as if made by the successor in office of the Official Assignee.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 87
Subpart 6—Role of police
91 Interpretation
In this subpart, unless the context otherwise requires, Commissioner includes any member of the police to whom the powers, functions, or duties of the Commissioner under this Act are delegated.
Section 91: amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 7 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Functions of Commissioner of Police
92 Independence
(1)
In any matter relating to any decision to investigate any person or property or to take any proceedings under this Act, the Commissioner is not responsible to the Attorney-General or any other Minister of the Crown and must act independently.
(2)
Nothing in this section limits or affects any power that may be exercised by the Attorney-General in relation to any proceedings.
Challenge to exercise of Commissioner’s decisions, powers, and duties
93 Effect of proceedings relating to Commissioner’s powers and duties
(1)
This section applies if any person makes any challenge in any proceeding in any court in respect of—
(a)
the exercise by the Commissioner of any power conferred by this Act:
(b)
the discharge of any duty imposed on the Commissioner by this Act.
(2)
If this section applies, until a final decision (as described in subsection (4)) in relation to those proceedings is given, the power or duty may be, or may continue to be, exercised or discharged as if no such proceedings of that kind had been commenced, and no person is excused from fulfilling any obligation under this Act by reason of those proceedings.
(3)
This section applies despite any other provision of any enactment or rule of law or equity.
(4)
A final decision does not include a decision in proceedings for an interim order under section 15 of the Judicial Review Procedure Act 2016.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 21
Section 93(4): amended, on 1 March 2017, by section 24 of the Judicial Review Procedure Act 2016 (2016 No 50).
94 Effect of final decision that exercise of powers unlawful
(1)
This section applies in any case where it is declared, in a final decision given in any proceedings in respect of the exercise of any powers conferred on the Commissioner by this Act, that the exercise of any powers conferred on the Commissioner by this Act is unlawful.
(2)
If this section applies, to the extent to which the exercise of those powers is declared unlawful the Commissioner must ensure that immediately after the decision of the court is given—
(a)
any information obtained as a consequence of the exercise of powers declared to be unlawful, and any record of that information, is destroyed:
(b)
any documents, or extracts from documents, or other things removed as a consequence of the exercise of powers declared to be unlawful are returned to the person previously having possession of them, or previously having them under his or her control, and any copies of those documents or extracts are destroyed:
(c)
any information derived from or based on such information, documents, extracts, or things is destroyed.
(3)
Despite subsection (2), the court may, in the court’s discretion, order that any information, record, or copy of any document or extract from a document may, instead of being destroyed,—
(a)
be returned to the person from whom it was obtained; or
(b)
be retained by the police subject to any terms and conditions that the court imposes.
(4)
No information obtained, and no documents or extracts from documents or other things removed, as a consequence of the exercise of any powers declared to be unlawful, and no record of any such information or documents,—
(a)
is admissible as evidence in any proceedings unless the court hearing the proceedings in which the evidence is sought to be adduced is satisfied that there was no unfairness in obtaining the evidence:
(b)
may be used in connection with the exercise of any power conferred by this Act unless the court that declared the exercise of the powers to be unlawful is satisfied that there was no unfairness in obtaining the evidence.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 22
Approval of settlements
95 High Court must approve settlement between Commissioner and other party
(1)
The Commissioner may enter into a settlement with any person as to the property or any sum of money to be forfeited to the Crown.
(2)
A settlement does not bind the parties unless the High Court approves it.
(3)
The High Court must approve the settlement if it is satisfied that it is consistent with—
(a)
the purposes of this Act; and
(b)
the overall interests of justice.
Delegation of powers, functions, or duties of Commissioner of Police
Heading: amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 8 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
96 Delegation of powers, functions, or duties of Commissioner of Police
The provisions of the Policing Act 2008 relating to the delegation of powers, functions, or duties of the Commissioner apply in all respects to the powers, functions, or duties of the Commissioner under this Act.
Section 96: replaced, on 25 February 2012, by section 9 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Outside investigators appointed by Commissioner
97 Exercise of powers by outside investigators
(1)
Any person who is appointed by the Commissioner to investigate the affairs, or any aspect of the affairs, of any other person may be authorised by the Commissioner—
(a)
to exercise, in the company of a member of the police, all or any of the powers conferred by sections 105 and 107:
(b)
to assist any member of the police to execute any search warrant issued under this Act.
(2)
Any person appointed under subsection (1) is deemed to be a member of the police for the purposes of the investigation in respect of which he or she is appointed.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 34
98 Disclosure to Commissioner of Police of information held by Inland Revenue Department
(1)
For the purposes of this section,—
authorised person means—
(a)
the Commissioner of Inland Revenue or any officer of the Inland Revenue Department who is authorised by the Commissioner of Inland Revenue to disclose and receive information under this section; or
(b)
the Commissioner of Police and any employee, officer, or agent of the police who is authorised by the Commissioner of Police to disclose and receive information under this section.
(2)
No obligation as to secrecy or other restrictions imposed by any enactment or otherwise on the disclosure of information prevents—
(a)
an authorised person referred to in paragraph (b) of the definition of authorised person in subsection (1) from disclosing the name of any person to an authorised person referred to in paragraph (a) of that definition:
(b)
an authorised person referred to in paragraph (a) of the definition of authorised person in subsection (1) from disclosing any information held by the Department of Inland Revenue about a person whose name is supplied under paragraph (a) of this subsection to an authorised person referred to in paragraph (b) of that definition who requires the information for the purpose of establishing whether a prima facie case exists for taking civil recovery action under this Act.
(3)
Information obtained under subsection (2)(b) must not be disclosed, except—
(a)
to an authorised person; or
(b)
to the person in respect of whom the information was obtained; or
(c)
in connection with proceedings taken or to be taken under this Act.
(4)
Any disclosure of information under this section must be in accordance with arrangements made from time to time in writing between the Commissioner of Inland Revenue and the Commissioner of Police, which may include arrangements—
(a)
further defining and limiting the use of information supplied under this section:
(b)
about the storage of that information and security precautions to be undertaken:
(c)
subject to section 99, which provides for the destruction of information supplied under this section.
(5)
This section and section 99 do not apply to any matters associated with a foreign restraining order or a foreign forfeiture order.
99 Destruction of information supplied under section 98
(1)
The Commissioner of Police must ensure that the information obtained under section 98 is destroyed as soon as it appears that no proceedings, or no further proceedings, will be taken in which the information would be likely to be required to be produced in evidence.
(2)
Nothing in subsection (1) applies to—
(a)
any reference to information obtained under section 98 contained in another document, generated by, or on behalf of, the Commissioner of Police or any member of the police; or
(b)
any record of information adduced in proceedings in any court; or
(c)
any case where the defendant pleads guilty to any record of any information that, in the opinion of the Judge, would have been adduced had the matter come to trial.
Subpart 7—Investigative powers
100 Interpretation
In this subpart, unless the context otherwise requires,—
Judge means a District Court Judge or a High Court Judge
occupier, in relation to any place or thing, means a person of or over 16 years who resides in, or appears to be in charge of, the place or thing.
Police powers
101 Police may obtain warrant to search for and seize evidence and property
(1)
Any Judge may issue a warrant to search any place or thing, if the Judge is satisfied, on an application made in the manner provided in subpart 3 of Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, that there are reasonable grounds for believing that property or evidence of the kind referred to in subsection (2) is in or on the place or thing, or will come into or onto the place or thing, while the warrant is in force.
(2)
The property or evidence in respect of which a search warrant may be issued under subsection (1) is—
(a)
evidence as to the nature and extent of any person’s interest in or control over property that is an instrument of crime:
(b)
an instrument of crime.
(3)
An application for a warrant under subsection (1) may be made—
(a)
by a member of the police:
(b)
before, on, or after the making of a restraining order.
(4)
A warrant may be issued under subsection (1) whether or not a charging document has been filed in respect of the relevant qualifying instrument forfeiture offence.
(5)
However, if a charging document has not been filed in respect of that offence at the time when the application for the warrant is made, the Judge must not issue a warrant unless the Judge is satisfied that a charging document will be filed in respect of the offence within 48 hours of the issue of the warrant.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 30
Section 101(1): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(1) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 101(4): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Section 101(5): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Commissioner’s powers
102 Commissioner may obtain warrant to search for and seize evidence and property
(1)
Any Judge may issue a warrant to search any place or thing if, on an application made in the manner provided in subpart 3 of Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, the Judge is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing property or evidence of the kind referred to in subsection (2) is in or on the place or thing, or will come into or onto the place or thing, while the warrant is in force.
(2)
The property or evidence in respect of which a warrant may be issued under subsection (1) is—
(a)
tainted property; or
(b)
evidence establishing the nature and extent of any person’s interest in or control over property that is tainted property; or
(c)
evidence establishing the nature and extent of the interest in or control over property of any person who has unlawfully benefited from significant criminal activity; or
(d)
property that is the subject of a restraining order (other than a restraining order obtained on the application of a prosecutor).
(3)
An application for a warrant under subsection (1) may be made—
(a)
by the Commissioner:
(b)
before, on, or after the making of a restraining order:
(c)
whether or not the Commissioner has exercised any power under section 105 or 107.
(4)
A warrant may not be issued under subsection (1) in respect of any evidence or property solely because it is believed to relate to, or be, an instrument of crime.
Section 102(1): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(2) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
103 Commissioner to transfer property to Official Assignee
If any property is seized pursuant to a warrant issued under section 101 or 102(1) (other than documents or other material believed to be evidence establishing the nature and extent of any person’s interest in or control over an instrument of crime or any other property), the Commissioner must arrange for the property to be placed in the custody and control of the Official Assignee as soon as practicable after it is seized, unless otherwise directed by the court that issued the warrant.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 35
Production orders
104 Application for production order
(1)
The Commissioner may apply to a Judge for a production order under section 105 if the Commissioner has reason to believe that a person has possession or control of documents that are relevant to an investigation by the Commissioner under this Act or to any proceedings under this Act.
(2)
Every application under this section must be made in the manner provided in relation to a search warrant in sections 99 and 100 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, and must contain the following particulars:
(a)
the grounds on which the application is made:
(b)
a description of the document or documents production of which is sought:
(c)
a description of the property or other thing or type of property or other thing to which the document or documents are believed to relate.
(3)
Every person commits an offence who makes an application for a production order that contains any assertion or other statement known by the person to be false.
(4)
Every person who commits an offence against subsection (3) is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 68
Section 104(2): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(3) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 104(3): inserted, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(4) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 104(4): inserted, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(4) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
105 Court may make production order
(1)
If an application is made under section 104, the Judge may, if satisfied that the Commissioner has reasonable grounds for applying for the order, make an order that the person—
(a)
produce to the Commissioner any specified document or class of documents of the kind referred to in section 104(1) that are in the person’s possession or control while the order is in force; or
(b)
make available to the Commissioner, for inspection, any specified document or class of documents of that kind that are in the person’s possession or control while the order is in force.
(2)
Every production order must contain the following particulars:
(a)
the grounds on which the order is issued:
(b)
a description of the document or documents production of which is required:
(c)
a description of the property or other thing or type of property or other thing to which the document or documents are believed to relate.
(3)
An order made under subsection (1) is in force for the period specified in the order (not exceeding 30 days after the date on which the order is made).
(4)
A Judge must not make an order under subsection (1) unless the application contains, or the applicant otherwise supplies to the Judge, any information that the Judge requires concerning the grounds on which the order is sought.
(5)
If any document is produced under this section, the Commissioner may do any one or more of the following things:
(a)
retain the original document produced for as long as is reasonably necessary for the purposes of this Act, provided that a copy of the document is taken and returned as soon as practicable after the document is produced:
(b)
take copies of the document, or of extracts from the document:
(c)
if necessary, require the person producing the document to reproduce, or to assist any person nominated by the Commissioner to reproduce, in usable form, any information recorded or stored in the document.
(6)
If any person is required to produce any document under this section and fails to do so, the Commissioner may require that person to state to the best of his of her knowledge or belief where the document is.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 69
Section 105(1)(a): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 10 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Section 105(1)(b): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 10 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Examination orders
Heading: inserted, on 25 February 2012, by section 11 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
106 Application for examination order
(1)
The Commissioner may apply to a Judge for an examination order under section 107 if the Commissioner has reason to believe that a person is able—
(a)
to answer questions with respect to any matter that the Commissioner has reason to believe may be relevant to the investigation or to any proceedings under this Act:
(b)
to supply any information with respect to any matter that the Commissioner has reason to believe may be relevant to the investigation or to any proceedings under this Act:
(c)
to produce for inspection any documents that the Commissioner has reason to believe are in the person’s possession or control or may be relevant to the investigation or to any proceedings under this Act.
(2)
Every application under this section must be made in the manner provided in relation to a search warrant in sections 99 and 100 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, and must contain the following particulars:
(a)
the grounds on which the application is made:
(b)
a description of the information that is sought:
(c)
a description of the document or documents production of which is sought.
(3)
Every person commits an offence who makes an application for an examination order that contains any assertion or other statement known by the person to be false.
(4)
Every person who commits an offence against subsection (3) is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year.
Section 106(2): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(5) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 106(3): inserted, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(6) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 106(4): inserted, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(6) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Examination order[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 25 February 2012, by section 12 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
107 Power to require attendance before Commissioner, production of documents, etc
(1)
If an application is made under section 106, the Judge may, if satisfied that the Commissioner has reasonable grounds to apply for the examination order, make an order that the person do 1 or more of the things specified in subsection (3) at the time and place specified in the order.
(2)
An order under subsection (1) must contain the following particulars:
(a)
the provision under which the order is made:
(b)
a description of the information that is sought:
(c)
a description of the document or documents production of which is sought:
(d)
a description of the property or other thing or type of property or other thing to which the document or documents are believed to relate.
(3)
The things referred to in subsection (1) are—
(a)
to attend before the Commissioner:
(b)
to answer questions with respect to any matter that the Commissioner has reason to believe may be relevant to the investigation or to any proceedings under this Act:
(c)
to supply any information specified in the order with respect to any matter that the Commissioner has reason to believe may be relevant to the investigation or to any proceedings under this Act:
(d)
to produce for inspection any documents that are specified in the order and that the Commissioner has reason to believe are in the person’s possession or control and may be relevant to the investigation or to any proceedings under this Act.
(4)
If any document is produced under this section, the Commissioner may do any one or more of the following things:
(a)
retain the original document produced for as long as is reasonably necessary for the purposes of this Act, provided that a copy of the document is taken and returned as soon as practicable after the document is produced:
(b)
take copies of the document, or of extracts from the document:
(c)
require the person producing the document to provide an explanation of the history, subject matter, and contents of the document and to answer any other questions that arise from that explanation and that the Commissioner has reason to believe may be relevant to the investigation:
(d)
if necessary, require the person producing the document to reproduce, or to assist any person nominated by the Commissioner to reproduce, in usable form, any information recorded or stored in the document.
(5)
If any person is required to produce any document under this section and fails to do so, the Commissioner may require that person to state, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, where the document is.
(6)
If any person is required to supply any information under this section, and does so by producing a document containing that information, the powers conferred by subsection (4) apply in all respects to that document.
(7)
Any person who is required to attend before the Commissioner under this section must, before being required to comply with any requirements imposed under this section, be given a reasonable opportunity to arrange for a lawyer to accompany him or her.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 9
Section 107(3)(c): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 13(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Section 107(3)(d): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 13(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Non-compliance with production order or examination order
108 Power to obtain search warrant for non-compliance with production order or examination order
(1)
The Commissioner may, on an application made in the manner provided in subpart 3 of Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, apply to any Judge for a warrant to search any thing or place specified in the application.
(2)
Any Judge may issue a warrant if the Judge is satisfied—
(a)
that there are reasonable grounds for believing that—
(i)
a person has failed to produce all of the documents specified in a production order made under section 105 or an examination order made under section 107; or
(ii)
any information supplied under section 107 is intentionally false or misleading in a material particular; or
(iii)
a person has failed to comply with any obligation imposed under section 107; or
(iv)
the service of an order under section 105 or 107 might seriously prejudice the investigation; and
(b)
that there are reasonable grounds for believing that there is, at the place or thing specified in the application, or will come into or onto the place or thing, while the warrant is in force—
(i)
any document or information required to be produced or supplied under section 105 or 107; or
(ii)
if paragraph (a)(iv) applies, any document or information that could have been sought under section 105 or 107.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 6
Section 108(1): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(7) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Section 108(2): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(8) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
109 Immunity from liability for disclosure of information under this Act
(1)
This section applies if—
(a)
any person does any act that, apart from sections 98, 105, and 107 of this Act, would constitute, or the person believes would constitute, an offence as a breach of an obligation of secrecy or non-disclosure; and
(b)
that information is so disclosed, in good faith, for the purpose of or in connection with the enforcement or intended enforcement of any enactment or provision referred to in this Act; and
(c)
that person is otherwise under any obligation (whether arising by virtue of any enactment or any rule of law or otherwise) to maintain secrecy in relation to, or not to disclose, that information.
(2)
If this section applies, then despite the fact that the disclosure would otherwise constitute a breach of an obligation of secrecy or non-disclosure, the disclosure by that person, of that information in accordance with this Act is not a breach of that obligation of secrecy or non-disclosure or (where applicable) of any enactment by which that obligation is imposed.
Disclosure of source orders
Heading: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 33 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
109A High Court may make disclosure of source order
(1)
On application by the Commissioner, the High Court may make an order (a disclosure of source order) requiring a respondent to whom a section 24 restraining order relates to give the Commissioner, in the prescribed form and within the period specified in the order, the source information.
(2)
The Commissioner cannot apply for a disclosure of source order on or after applying for a type 1 assets forfeiture order relating to the same property to which the restraining order applies.
(3)
The Court may make a disclosure of source order only if satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the respondent—
(a)
is residing outside New Zealand (whether temporarily or permanently) or is absent from New Zealand; or
(b)
is a corporation that is incorporated outside New Zealand (other than an overseas company that is registered under Part 18 of the Companies Act 1993).
(4)
The source information is the following information relating to the respondent’s property to which the restraining order applies:
(a)
the name of each person who the respondent knows holds, or believes may hold, an interest in the property and the nature of that interest:
(b)
the circumstances in which the respondent acquired the property, including—
(i)
how they acquired it; and
(ii)
the source of any funds or other property used for that acquisition:
(c)
if the property is tangible and movable property that the respondent acquired outside New Zealand and, after that acquisition, was brought into New Zealand,—
(i)
the country or place in which they acquired the property; and
(ii)
any countries or places through which the property transited before being moved into New Zealand:
(d)
any other information of a kind specified in the disclosure of source order:
(e)
any documents of a kind specified in the order to substantiate the information referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (d).
(5)
The period specified in the order must not exceed the period of 2 months after the order is made unless the Court is satisfied that special circumstances exist that make a longer period appropriate.
(6)
The Court may,—
(a)
on application by the Commissioner, vary the period specified in the order by way of a further order; or
(b)
on application by the respondent or on the Court’s own motion, extend the period specified in the order by way of a further order.
(7)
The order must inform the respondent of the effect of each of the following:
(a)
section 50(2A) to (2D) (rebuttable presumption for type 1 assets forfeiture orders):
(b)
section 152 (offence relating to failure to comply with orders, etc):
(c)
section 163 (privilege against self-incrimination no excuse):
(d)
section 165A (admissibility of self-incriminating statement made in response to disclosure of source order).
(8)
In this section, section 24 restraining order means an order made under section 24.
Section 109A: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 33 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Official Assignee’s powers
110 Official Assignee may apply for warrant to search for and seize property
(1)
Any Judge may issue a warrant to search any place or thing if, on an application made in the manner provided in subpart 3 of Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, the Judge is satisfied—
(a)
that there are reasonable grounds for believing that property of the kind referred to in subsection (2) is in or on the place or thing, or will come into or onto the place or thing, while the warrant is in force; and
(b)
in the case of property referred to in subsection (2)(a), that the Official Assignee has complied with subsection (4).
(2)
The property in respect of which a search warrant may be issued under subsection (1) is—
(a)
any proposed restrained property that is the subject of an application for a restraining order:
(b)
any property that is the subject of a restraining order:
(c)
any property that is the subject of a forfeiture order.
(3)
An application for a warrant under subsection (1) may be made—
(a)
by the Official Assignee:
(b)
before, on, or after the making of a restraining order or a forfeiture order.
(4)
The Official Assignee may not make an application under subsection (1) in respect of any property referred to in subsection (2)(a) unless—
(a)
the Official Assignee wishes to assess the nature and condition of any property that is the subject of an application for a restraining order to ensure that it is not at risk of damage, alteration, removal, or being treated in any other way to diminish its value; or
(b)
the Official Assignee has reasonable grounds to believe that any property of that kind is at risk of damage, alteration, removal, or being treated in any other way to diminish its value.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 30
Section 110(1): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 215(9) of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
111 Official Assignee to hold property
If property is seized pursuant to a warrant issued under section 110, or transferred to the Official Assignee under section 103, the Official Assignee must arrange for the property to be kept until it is dealt with in accordance with another provision of this Act.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 35
112 Return of seized property that is not subject of forfeiture order
(1)
Any property that is transferred to the Official Assignee under section 103, or seized under a warrant issued under section 110, must be returned to the appropriate person in accordance with this section.
(2)
However, this section does not require the return of property if that property is the subject of a forfeiture order—
(a)
when the property is transferred or seized as referred to in subsection (1); or
(b)
when a requirement to return the property to the appropriate person as soon as practicable would otherwise apply under this section.
(3)
If the property was the subject of a restraining order when the relevant search warrant was issued, the property must be returned to the appropriate person as soon as practicable after the expiry of the restraining order.
(4)
If the property was not the subject of a restraining order when the relevant search warrant was issued, the property must be returned to the appropriate person as soon as practicable after the expiry of 28 days after the date on which the property comes into the custody or control of the Official Assignee (the 28-day period).
(5)
However,—
(a)
if a restraining order is obtained in relation to that property before the expiry of the 28-day period, the property must be returned to the appropriate person as soon as practicable after the order expires; or
(b)
if a restraining order is not obtained in relation to that property before the expiry of the 28-day period but an application for a forfeiture order is made as soon as practicable and before that expiry, the property must be returned as soon as practicable after the application is determined; or
(c)
if an application for a restraining order is made as soon as practicable and before the expiry of the 28-day period, but not determined before that expiry, the property must be returned as soon as practicable after—
(i)
the application is determined if the application is refused; or
(ii)
the expiry of the restraining order if the application is granted.
(6)
This section is subject to section 113.
(7)
In this section, the appropriate person to whom property must be returned is the owner of the property or the person entitled to possession of it.
Section 112: replaced, on 1 April 2023, by section 34 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
113 Disputed ownership, etc, of seized property to which section 112 applies
(1)
The Official Assignee may apply to the District Court for an order under this section if there is a dispute, or the Official Assignee is uncertain (for any reason), about whom property must be returned to under section 112.
(2)
On an application under this section, the District Court may—
(a)
order that the property be destroyed; or
(b)
order that the property be delivered to the person appearing to the court to be the owner of the property or entitled to possession of it; or
(c)
if the owner or person entitled to possession cannot be found, make any order with respect to the property’s possession or sale that the court thinks fit.
(3)
If, after the District Court makes an order under this section in relation to any property, an action is commenced against the Crown for the recovery of the property or its value, the order and the delivery of the property in accordance with the order may be given and must be received in evidence in bar of the action.
(4)
However, the order or delivery does not affect the right of any persons entitled by law to possession of the property to recover the property from any person or body (other than the Crown).
(5)
In this section, the Crown includes—
(a)
the Commissioner or any Police employee (within the meaning of section 4 of the Policing Act 2008); and
(b)
the Official Assignee or any delegate of the Official Assignee or any other member of staff of the Official Assignee.
Compare: 2012 No 24 s 154
Section 113: replaced, on 1 April 2023, by section 34 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
General rules about search warrants
114 Application of Part 4 of Search and Surveillance Act 2012
(1)
(2)
The provisions of subpart 6 of Part 4 of that Act apply to evidence seized under sections 101(2)(a), and 102(2)(b) and (c).
Section 114: replaced, on 1 October 2012, by section 216 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
115 Application for search warrant
[Repealed]Section 115: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
116 Form and content of search warrant
[Repealed]Section 116: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
117 When search warrant is executed
[Repealed]Section 117: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
118 Powers conferred by search warrant
[Repealed]Section 118: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
119 Powers of persons called to assist
[Repealed]Section 119: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
120 Person executing warrant to produce evidence of authority
[Repealed]Section 120: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
121 Inventory of items seized
[Repealed]Section 121: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
122 Compliance with certain provisions unnecessary in some circumstances
[Repealed]Section 122: repealed, on 1 October 2012, by section 217 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Orders
123 Form and content of orders
(1)
Every order issued under this subpart must be in the prescribed form.
(2)
Any information or document is sufficiently specified in an order of that kind if the information or document is described—
(a)
in a general rather than a specific way; or
(b)
by reference only to its class, nature, content, or effect.
(3)
The time at which any thing is required to be done is sufficiently specified in an order of that kind if the time is described as—
(a)
immediately; or
(b)
any other stated time.
(4)
Every order under this subpart that requires attendance before the Commissioner must inform the person to whom it is addressed that the person may, if that person so wishes, be accompanied by a lawyer.
(5)
Every order under this subpart must inform the person to whom it is addressed of the relevant offences set out in subpart 9.
Warrants and powers associated with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders
124 Warrants associated with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders
(1)
A member of the police, if authorised under section 59(2)(a) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992 to apply for a search warrant under section 101, may apply for a search warrant of that kind.
(2)
Sections 101(1) to (3), 103, 112, and 113 apply, with any necessary modifications, to an application under subsection (1).
125 Powers of Commissioner in relation to warrants associated with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders
(1)
The Commissioner, if authorised under section 59(2)(b) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992 to apply for a search warrant under section 102, may apply for a search warrant of that kind.
(2)
Sections 102, 103, 112, and 113 apply, with any necessary modifications, to an application under subsection (1).
126 Powers of Official Assignee in relation to warrants associated with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders
(1)
The Official Assignee, if authorised under section 59(2)(c) of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992 to apply for a search warrant under section 110, may apply for a search warrant of that kind.
(2)
Sections 110 to 113 apply, with any necessary modifications, to an application under subsection (1).
127 Provisions associated with foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders
Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (except subpart 6) applies, with any necessary modifications, to an application for a warrant made under any of sections 124 to 126.
Section 127: replaced, on 1 October 2012, by section 218 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
Subpart 8—Foreign restraining orders and foreign forfeiture orders
Interim foreign restraining orders
128 Interim foreign restraining order
(1)
The Commissioner may apply for an interim foreign restraining order if authorised by the Attorney-General under section 60 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992.
(2)
An application under subsection (1) is an application made without notice.
(3)
Subpart 2 of Part 2 (except sections 21, 22(1), and 37 to 42) applies to an application made under subsection (1)—
(a)
with any necessary modifications:
(b)
without limiting paragraph (a), with the following specific modifications:
(i)
a reference to significant criminal activity must be read as a reference to significant foreign criminal activity:
(ii)
the reference in section 28(2) to a respondent’s legal expenses must be read as including a reference to a person’s expenses in defending allegations of the commission of significant foreign criminal activity in a foreign country.
(4)
An interim foreign restraining order is to be treated in all respects (other than under sections 37 to 42) as if it were a restraining order.
(5)
This section applies, with any necessary modifications, to an application for a restraining order made under section 112 of the International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act 2000.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66A(1), (2), (6)
129 Expiry of interim foreign restraining orders
(1)
An interim foreign restraining order expires when the earlier of the following occurs:
(a)
the date is reached that is the end of 28 days (commencing on the day on which the order is made):
(b)
a foreign restraining order relating to some or all of the property to which the interim foreign restraining order relates is registered in New Zealand.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), if the duration of an interim foreign restraining order is extended by a court, the interim foreign restraining order expires on the date specified by the court under section 130.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66A(3), (4)
130 Extending duration of interim foreign restraining order
(1)
If a court has made an interim foreign restraining order, the applicant for that order may, before the interim foreign restraining order expires, apply to that court to extend its duration.
(2)
If an application is made under subsection (1), the court may order that the interim foreign restraining order be extended for a period not exceeding 3 months.
(3)
The duration of an interim foreign restraining order may be extended more than once under this section.
(4)
If, before an interim foreign restraining order would otherwise expire under section 129(1), an application is made to a court under this section and the application is granted, the interim foreign restraining order ceases to be in force on the date specified in the court’s order, unless it is further extended on an application under this section.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66(1), (2)
131 Additional matters relating to extending duration of interim foreign restraining order
(1)
On making an order under section 130, the court may vary the interim foreign restraining order in any way it considers fit, including, without limitation, by specifying whether all or part of the property is to remain subject to the interim foreign restraining order during the extended period of operation.
(2)
An applicant for an order under section 130 must serve, so far as is practicable, a copy of the application on any person who, to the knowledge of the applicant, has an interest in the property that is the subject of the application.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66(3), (4)
Registering foreign restraining orders
132 Who may apply to register foreign restraining order
The Commissioner may apply to register a foreign restraining order in New Zealand if authorised by the Attorney-General under section 54 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992.
133 Application to register foreign restraining order made to High Court
If authorised to register a foreign restraining order in New Zealand under section 54 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992, the Commissioner may apply to the High Court.
134 Provisions of subpart 2 of Part 2 applying to registering foreign restraining orders
(1)
The following sections of subpart 2 of Part 2 apply, with all necessary modifications, if an application is made to register a foreign restraining order in New Zealand under section 54 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992 or an application is made to register a restraining order under section 112(2) of the International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act 2000:
(a)
section 19 (application to identify proposed restrained property, respondent (if any), and interest holders):
(b)
section 21 (application for restraining order on notice):
(ba)
section 22 (application for restraining order without notice):
(c)
section 27 (registration of restraining orders on registers):
(d)
section 28(1), (3), and (4) (conditions on restraining order):
(e)
section 29 (undertakings as to damage or costs in relation to restraining orders):
(f)
section 32 (certain dispositions or dealings set aside):
(g)
section 33(1) and (2) (applying for further order):
(h)
section 34 (making further orders):
(i)
section 35 (types of further order):
(j)
section 36 (impact of certain further orders):
(k)
any other provisions of subpart 2 of Part 2 specified as applicable for the purposes of this subsection by regulations made under section 173(d).
(2)
Without limiting subsection (1), a reference in any of the provisions listed in subsection (1) to a restraining order must be read as a reference to a foreign restraining order.
(3)
Sections 30 and 31 (relating to relief) apply in relation to a foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand only if the person applying for relief,—
(a)
in a case where the foreign restraining order was made without a hearing in a court in the foreign country where it was made, was given no opportunity to make representations to the person or body that made the foreign restraining order:
(b)
in a case where the foreign restraining order was made at a hearing of a court in the foreign country where it was made, was not served with any notice of, and did not appear at, the hearing held in the court:
(c)
in any other case, obtains the leave of the court to make the application.
(4)
Sections 23 and 33(3) apply, in relation to an application to register a foreign restraining order or in relation to an application for a further order in relation to that order or in relation to an application for relief in respect of a foreign restraining order, but confer a right of appearance on the person who is subject to the order or the applicant for relief only if that person,—
(a)
in a case where the foreign restraining order was made without a hearing in a court in the foreign country where it was made, was given no opportunity to make representations to the person or body that made the foreign restraining order:
(b)
in a case where the foreign restraining order was made at a hearing of a court in the foreign country where it was made, was not served with any notice of, and did not appear at, the hearing held in the court:
(c)
in any other case, obtains the leave of the court to appear at the hearing of the application.
(5)
The court may grant special leave under subsection (3)(c) or (4)(c) if—
(a)
the applicant for relief or the person who is the subject of the foreign restraining order had good reasons—
(i)
for failing to make representations to the decision-making person or body who made the order in the foreign country; or
(ii)
in a case where the order was made by a court in the foreign country, for failing to attend the hearing at which the foreign restraining order was made; or
(b)
the evidence proposed to be adduced by the applicant for relief or other person who is subject to the foreign restraining order was not reasonably available to the applicant for relief or other person at the time when the applicant or other person—
(i)
was required to make submissions to the person or body that made the foreign restraining order in a foreign country; or
(ii)
at the time of the hearing at which the foreign restraining order was made by the court in a foreign country.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 66B(1)
Section 134(1)(ba): inserted, on 7 November 2015, by section 4 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 99).
135 Effect of registering foreign restraining order in New Zealand
(1)
If a foreign restraining order is registered in New Zealand under section 56 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992, the property specified in the foreign restraining order that is located in New Zealand—
(a)
is not to be disposed of, or dealt with, other than is provided for in the order; and
(b)
is to be under the Official Assignee’s custody and control.
(2)
If a foreign restraining order is registered in New Zealand, the Commissioner must give written notice of the order to any persons whose property is the subject of the order.
Duration of foreign restraining order and further orders
136 Duration of foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand and associated further orders
(1)
The registration of a foreign restraining order in New Zealand expires on the earliest of the following dates:
(a)
the date when the foreign restraining order to which it relates expires or is revoked:
(b)
the date that is the end of 2 years after the date on which the foreign restraining order is registered in New Zealand:
(c)
the date when the Commissioner registers a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand in respect of some or all of the property specified in the foreign restraining order:
(d)
the date on which the registration of the foreign restraining order in New Zealand has been cancelled under section 58 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), if the registration of a foreign restraining order in New Zealand is extended as a result of an application to the High Court, it expires on the date specified by the High Court under section 137.
(3)
On the expiry of the registration of a foreign restraining order in New Zealand, any further order made in relation to the foreign restraining order also expires.
137 Extension of duration of registration of foreign restraining order
(1)
If the High Court has registered a foreign restraining order in New Zealand, the applicant for that order may, before the registration of the restraining order expires, apply to the High Court for an extension of the duration of the registration of the foreign restraining order in New Zealand.
(2)
If an application is made under subsection (1), the High Court may order that the registration of a foreign restraining order be extended for a further period not exceeding 1 year.
(2A)
The duration of the registration of a foreign restraining order may be extended more than once under this section.
(3)
If an application is granted under this section, the registration of the foreign restraining order in New Zealand ceases at the time specified in the Court’s order.
Section 137(2A): inserted, on 7 November 2015, by section 5 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 99).
138 Additional matters relating to extension of registration of foreign restraining order
(1)
On making any order of the kind referred to in section 137, the High Court may vary the foreign restraining order in any way it considers fit, including, without limitation, by specifying whether all or part of the property is to remain subject to the foreign restraining order during the extended period of registration in New Zealand.
(2)
An applicant for an order under subsection (1) must serve a copy of the application on any person who, to the knowledge of the applicant, has an interest in the property that is the subject of the application.
Section 138(1): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 15 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
139 Exclusion of interest from foreign restraining order registered in New Zealand
(1)
A person (other than the respondent) who has a severable interest in property restrained under a foreign restraining order that is registered in New Zealand may apply to the High Court for the exclusion of that interest if the person—
(a)
has not already been a party to proceedings associated with the making of the foreign restraining order in the foreign country where it was made; and
(b)
has good reason for failing to have attended the hearing connected with the making of the foreign restraining order in the foreign country where it was made; and
(c)
has not unlawfully benefited from the significant foreign criminal activity to which the foreign restraining order relates; and
(d)
has already made an application (whether granted or not) under section 30 (as made applicable by section 134(3)).
(2)
The High Court may, if it is satisfied of the matters in subsection (1), make an order—
(a)
directing the Crown to transfer the interest to the applicant; or
(b)
that the Crown pay to the applicant an amount equal to the value of the interest declared by the Court.
(3)
An order under subsection (1) does not affect a restraining order, insofar as it applies to property that is not the subject of the order.
Registering foreign forfeiture orders
140 Who may apply to register foreign forfeiture order
The Commissioner may apply to register a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand if authorised by the Attorney-General under section 55 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992.
141 Application to register foreign forfeiture order made to High Court
If authorised to apply to register a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand under section 55 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992, the Commissioner may apply to the High Court.
142 Notice of registration of foreign forfeiture order
(1)
The Commissioner must serve notice of having applied to register a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand, so far as it is practicable to do so, on every person who, to the knowledge of the Commissioner, has an interest in the property to which the order relates.
(2)
The Commissioner must also serve notice of the intention to register the foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand on the Official Assignee.
143 Provisions of subpart 3 of Part 2 applying to registering foreign forfeiture orders
(1)
The following sections of subpart 3 of Part 2 apply, with all necessary modifications, if an application is made to register a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand under section 55 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992:
(a)
section 47 (amending application for civil forfeiture order):
(b)
any other provision of subpart 3 of Part 2 specified as applicable for the purposes of this subsection by regulations made under section 173.
(2)
Section 148 (which relates to relief) applies in relation to a foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand only if the person applying for relief,—
(a)
in a case where the foreign forfeiture order was made without a hearing in a court in the foreign country where it was made, was given no opportunity to make representations to the person or body that made the foreign forfeiture order:
(b)
in a case where the foreign forfeiture order was made at a hearing of a court in the foreign country where it was made, was not served with any notice of, and did not appear at, the hearing held in the court:
(c)
in any other case, obtains the leave of the court to make the application.
(3)
Sections 46 and 64 apply, in relation to an application to register a foreign forfeiture order or in relation to an application for relief in respect of a foreign forfeiture order, but confer a right of appearance on the person who is subject to the order or the applicant for relief only if that person,—
(a)
in a case where the foreign forfeiture order was made without a hearing in a court in the foreign country where it was made, was given no opportunity to make representations to the person or body that made the foreign forfeiture order:
(b)
in a case where the foreign forfeiture order was made at a hearing of a court in the foreign country where it was made, was not served with any notice of, and did not appear at, the hearing held in the court:
(c)
in any other case, obtains the leave of the court to appear at the hearing of the application.
(4)
The court may grant special leave under subsection (2)(c) or (3)(c) if—
(a)
the applicant for relief or the person who is the subject of the foreign forfeiture order had good reasons—
(i)
for failing to make representations to the decision-making person or body who made the order in the foreign country; or
(ii)
in a case where the order was made by a court in the foreign country, for failing to attend the hearing at which the foreign forfeiture order was made; or
(b)
the evidence proposed to be adduced by the applicant for relief or other person who is subject to the foreign forfeiture order was not reasonably available to the applicant for relief or other person at the time when the applicant or other person—
(i)
was required to make submissions to the person or body that made the foreign forfeiture order in a foreign country; or
(ii)
at the time of the hearing at which the foreign forfeiture order was made by the court in a foreign country.
144 Registering foreign forfeiture order
The effect of registering a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand under section 56 of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 1992 is that the property specified in the foreign forfeiture order—
(a)
vests in the Crown absolutely; and
(b)
is in the custody and control of the Official Assignee.
145 Notice of registration of foreign forfeiture order may be recorded on registers
(1)
Subsection (2) applies if an application is made for a foreign forfeiture order to be registered in New Zealand against property of a kind covered by a New Zealand enactment that enables the registration of—
(a)
title to that property; or
(b)
charges over that property.
(2)
If this subsection applies, the High Court may, at any time before finally determining the application, order any authority responsible for administering an enactment of the kind referred to in subsection (1) (an Authority) to enter on a register a note of the fact that an application has been made to register a foreign forfeiture order against the property in New Zealand.
(3)
The Court must order an Authority to cancel an entry made on a register under subsection (2) if—
(a)
the foreign forfeiture order to which registration relates is cancelled or expired; or
(b)
the specified period (as described in section 86(2)) has expired; or
(c)
the foreign forfeiture order in relation to which registration is sought is amended to exclude that property.
146 Additional matters in respect of registering foreign forfeiture order
(1)
On registering a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand, the High Court may do either or both of the following:
(a)
declare the nature, extent, and value of any person’s interest in property specified in the order:
(b)
give any directions that may be necessary and convenient for giving effect to the foreign forfeiture order.
(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1)(b), if a Court registers a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand against any property the title to which is passed by registration on a register maintained under any New Zealand enactment, the Court may direct an officer of the Court to do anything reasonably necessary to obtain possession of any document required to effect the transfer of the property and for that purpose may, by warrant, authorise an officer to enter and search any place or thing and seize any document.
(3)
Part 4 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (except subpart 6), so far as applicable and with all necessary modifications, applies in relation to a warrant issued under subsection (2) as if it were a warrant issued under section 101 to a member of the police.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 15(3)–(7)
Section 146(3): amended, on 1 October 2012, by section 219 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24).
147 Registering foreign forfeiture order relating to land
(1)
Nothing in section 144 affects the operation of section 89 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 in respect of an estate or interest in land under that Act.
(2)
If the High Court registers a foreign forfeiture order in New Zealand in respect of an estate or interest in land, the order must be transmitted by the Registrar of the Court to the Registrar-General of Land or the Registrar of Deeds, as the case may be, for the purposes of registration under the Land Transfer Act 2017 or the Deeds Registration Act 1908, as the case may require.
Section 147(1): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Section 147(2): amended, on 12 November 2018, by section 250 of the Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30).
Relief from foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand
148 Relief from foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand
A person who claims an interest in property sought to be forfeited under a foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand may, before the date that is 6 months from the date on which the foreign forfeiture order is registered, apply to the High Court for an order if the person is a person to whom section 143(2)(a), (b), or (c) applies.
149 High Court may grant relief from foreign forfeiture order registered in New Zealand
(1)
The High Court may make an order of the kind described in subsection (2) if it is satisfied—
(a)
of the matters in section 148; and
(b)
that the applicant has an interest in the property to which the order relates.
(2)
The High Court may make an order—
(a)
directing the Crown to transfer the interest to the applicant; or
(b)
that the Crown pay to the applicant an amount equal to the value of the interest declared by the Court.
(3)
The Court may refuse to make an order of the kind described in subsection (2) if it is satisfied that—
(a)
the applicant was involved in the significant foreign criminal activity to which the foreign forfeiture order relates; or
(b)
the applicant did not acquire the interest in the property in good faith or for value (without knowing or having reason to believe that the property was tainted property) in circumstances where the applicant acquired the interest at the time of, or after, the commission of the offence or serious criminal activity; or
(c)
the applicant has unlawfully benefited from the significant foreign criminal activity to which the foreign forfeiture order relates.
(4)
Nothing in subsection (3) requires the Court to refuse making an order.
Subpart 9—Miscellaneous
Offences
150 Contravention of restraining orders or foreign restraining orders
(1)
Every person commits an offence who, knowing that a restraining order has been made or that a foreign restraining order has been registered in New Zealand in respect of property, disposes or otherwise deals with that property in contravention of the order.
(2)
Every person who commits an offence against this section is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000 or both:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $60,000.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 58
Section 150(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
151 Contravention of forfeiture orders or foreign forfeiture orders
(1)
Every person commits an offence who, knowing that an assets forfeiture order or profit forfeiture order or instrument forfeiture order is in force or a foreign forfeiture order is registered in New Zealand in relation to property to which title is passed by registration on a register maintained under any New Zealand enactment, disposes of or otherwise deals with the property before the Crown’s interest in the property has been registered in the manner required by law.
(2)
Every person who commits an offence against this section is liable on conviction,—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000, or both:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $60,000.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 84
Section 151(2): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
152 Failing to comply with orders and search warrants
(1)
Every person commits an offence who, being a person against whom an examination order, a production order, or a disclosure of source order is made,—
(a)
fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with that order; or
(b)
in purported compliance with the order, produces or makes available to the Commissioner a document or makes a statement which the person knows is false or misleading in a material particular.
(2)
Every person commits an offence who fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a search warrant issued under this Act that relates to his or her premises.
(3)
Every person who commits an offence against subsection (1) or (2) is liable on conviction—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $15,000, or both:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $40,000.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 76
Section 152(1): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 35 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 152(3): amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
153 Search order not to be disclosed
(1)
Any person (including a financial institution) that is, or has been, subject to a search order must not disclose the existence or the operation of the order to any person except—
(a)
the Commissioner or a member of the police who is authorised by the Commissioner to receive the information; or
(b)
an officer or agent of the institution, for the purposes of ensuring compliance with the order; or
(c)
a lawyer, for the purpose of obtaining legal advice or representation in relation to the order.
(2)
A person referred to in subsection (1)(a) must not disclose the existence or operation of the order except—
(a)
to another person referred to in subsection (1); and
(b)
for the purpose of the performance of his or her duties.
(3)
A person referred to in subsection (1)(b) must not disclose the existence or operation of the order except—
(a)
to another person referred to in subsection (1); and
(b)
for the purpose of ensuring that the order is complied with or obtaining legal advice or representation in relation to the order.
(4)
A person referred to in subsection (1)(c) must not disclose the existence or operation of the order except—
(a)
to another person referred to in subsection (1); and
(b)
for the purpose of giving legal advice or making representations in relation to the order.
(5)
Nothing in subsections (1) to (4) prevents the disclosure of the existence or operation of a search order in connection with, or in the course of, proceedings before a court.
(6)
In this section and section 154 search order means—
(a)
a search warrant:
(b)
an examination order or production order.
154 Offence to disclose existence or operation of search order
Every person who knowingly contravenes any of subsections (1) to (4) of section 153 commits an offence and is liable on conviction—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $15,000, or both:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $40,000.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 81
Section 154: amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
155 Offence of obstruction
Every person who, without reasonable excuse, intentionally obstructs any person exercising a power or carrying out a duty under this Act commits an offence and is liable on conviction—
(a)
in the case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both:
(b)
in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $40,000.
Section 155: amended, on 1 July 2013, by section 413 of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81).
Compliance not actionable
156 Compliance not actionable
No proceedings, civil or criminal, may be brought against any person because of that person’s compliance with any provision in subpart 7.
Indemnity
157 Indemnity for enforcement officers
(1)
Every enforcement officer is indemnified by the Crown in respect of any liability relating to the exercise or performance, or purported exercise or performance, or omission to exercise or perform, any function or power conferred or imposed on the enforcement officer by or under this Act or sections 142A to 142Q of the Sentencing Act 2002.
(2)
Subsection (1) does not apply if it is shown that the exercise or performance, or purported exercise or performance, or omission to exercise or perform, the function or power was in bad faith.
(3)
The indemnity conferred by subsection (1) extends to legal costs in defending a proceeding.
(4)
Nothing in this section limits or affects any provision of the Crown Proceedings Act 1950 or the Crimes Act 1961 relating to the liability of the Crown on matters of justification and exercise.
(5)
Any money required for the purposes of this section must be paid out of a Crown bank account without further appropriation.
(6)
In this section enforcement officer—
(a)
means—
(i)
the Official Assignee:
(ii)
the Commissioner of Police or any member of the police:
(iii)
a prosecutor acting on behalf of the Crown:
(iv)
any person referred to in section 118 who provides assistance in executing a search warrant; and
(b)
includes any delegate of the enforcement officer exercising functions and powers under this Act or sections 142A to 142Q of the Sentencing Act 2002.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 62
Operation of other laws
158 Operation of other laws not affected
Nothing in this Act limits or restricts the operation of any other enactment providing for the forfeiture of property or imposition of pecuniary penalties.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 91
Effect of exercise of powers on duties of confidentiality
159 Duties as to confidentiality generally overridden
(1)
Sections 105 and 107 override every enactment or rule of law that obliges any person to maintain secrecy in relation to, or not to disclose, any matter.
(2)
Compliance by any person with any of sections 105 and 107 is not a breach of any relevant obligation of secrecy or non-disclosure or of the enactment or rule of law by which the obligation is imposed.
(3)
This section is subject to sections 160 to 162.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 23
Section 159(3): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 16 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
160 Legal professional privilege
(1)
Nothing in sections 105 and 107 requires any lawyer to disclose any privileged communication.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), the Commissioner may, by notice in writing to any lawyer who the Commissioner has reason to believe may have acted for any person who may be connected with any investigation, require that lawyer to supply to the Commissioner the last known name and address of that client.
(3)
For the purposes of this section, a communication is a privileged communication only if—
(a)
it is a confidential communication, whether oral or written or made directly or indirectly through an agent, passing between—
(i)
a lawyer in his or her professional capacity and another lawyer in that capacity; or
(ii)
a lawyer in his or her professional capacity and his or her client; and
(b)
it is made or brought into existence for the purpose of obtaining or giving legal advice or assistance; and
(c)
it is not made or brought into existence for the purpose of committing or furthering the commission of some illegal or wrongful act.
(4)
If the information or document consists wholly of payments, income, expenditure, or financial transactions of a specified person (whether a lawyer, his or her client, or any other person), it is not a privileged communication if it is contained in, or comprises the whole or part of, any book, account, statement or other record prepared or kept by the lawyer in connection with—
(a)
a trust account of the lawyer within the meaning of section 6 of the Lawyers and Conveyancers Act 2006; or
(b)
the operation of a financial institution within the meaning of section 3 of the Financial Transactions Reporting Act 1996.
(5)
If any person refuses to disclose any information or document on the ground that it is a privileged communication under this section, the Commissioner or that person may apply to a District Court Judge for an order determining whether or not the claim of privilege is valid.
(6)
For the purposes of determining any application under subsection (5), the District Court Judge may require the information or document to be produced to him or her.
(7)
For the purposes of this section, references to a lawyer include a firm in which he or she is a partner or is held out to be a partner.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 24
Section 160(4)(a): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 17(1) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
Section 160(7): amended, on 25 February 2012, by section 17(2) of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9).
161 Privilege in relation to tax advice
(1)
Nothing in sections 105 and 107 requires a tax advisor to disclose a tax advice document.
(2)
Despite subsection (1), the Commissioner may, by notice in writing to any tax advisor who the Commissioner has reason to believe may have acted for any person who may be connected with any investigation, require that tax advisor to supply to the Commissioner the last known name and address of that client.
(3)
If any person refuses to disclose any information or document under this section, the Commissioner or that person may apply to a District Court Judge for an order determining whether or not that refusal is valid.
(4)
For the purposes of determining any application under subsection (3), the District Court Judge may require the information or document to be produced to him or her.
(5)
For the purposes of this section,—
tax advice document has the same meaning as in section 20B of the Tax Administration Act 1994
tax advisor has the same meaning as in section 20B of the Tax Administration Act 1994.
162 Certain provisions not to apply to police, Inland Revenue, Statistics, and Reserve Bank officers
Nothing in sections 105 and 107 requires any of the following persons to comply with any requirement imposed under any of those sections:
(a)
any person acting in his or her capacity as an officer of the Inland Revenue Department:
(b)
any person acting in his or her capacity as a member of the police or the Police Department:
(c)
any person acting in his or her capacity as a member of Statistics New Zealand:
(d)
any person acting in his or her capacity as an officer or employee of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 25
163 Privilege against self-incrimination no excuse
No person is excused from answering any question, supplying any information, producing any document, or providing any explanation under section 105, 107, or 109A on the ground that to do so would or might incriminate or tend to incriminate that person.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 27
Section 163: amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 36 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Admissibility of evidence
164 Admissibility of evidence
(1)
No evidence that is lawfully obtained under section 105, 107, or 109A is inadmissible by reason only of the fact that it was so obtained.
(2)
This section is subject to section 165.
Compare: 1990 No 51 s 26
Section 164(1): amended, on 27 July 2023, by section 37 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
165 Admissibility of self-incriminating statement made in response to production or examination order
General
(1)
Any self-incriminating statement that a person makes orally, in the course of doing any of the following in response to a production or examination order, is not admissible against them in any civil or criminal proceedings:
(a)
answering any question:
(b)
supplying any information:
(c)
producing any document:
(d)
providing any explanation.
(2)
Subsection (1) applies whether or not the statement is recorded in writing.
(3)
Subsections (4) to (8) set out exceptions to subsection (1).
Exception for civil proceedings
(4)
Any statement that a person makes in response to a production or examination order may be used in evidence against them in any civil proceedings specified in section 10(1).
Exceptions for criminal proceedings
(5)
Any self-incriminating statement referred to in subsection (1) that a person makes may be used in evidence against them in any prosecution for an offence against section 109 of the Crimes Act 1961 (which relates to perjury), or an offence against this Act, relating to any evidence given by the person that is inconsistent with that statement.
(6)
Any statement that a person makes in relation to their failure to comply with a production or examination order may be used in evidence against them in any prosecution for an offence against section 152 arising from that failure.
(7)
Any false or misleading statement that a person makes in response to a production or examination order may be used in evidence against them in any prosecution for an offence against section 152 arising from making that statement.
(8)
Any false or misleading document that a person produces in response to a production or examination order may be used in evidence against them in any prosecution for an offence against section 152 arising from producing that document.
Definitions
(9)
In this section,—
false or misleading means false or misleading in a material particular
production or examination order means—
(a)
a production order made under section 105; or
(b)
an examination order made under section 107.
(10)
In this section, doing any thing in response to a production or examination order includes doing any thing in response to a requirement of the Commissioner under section 105 or 107.
Section 165: replaced, on 1 April 2023, by section 38 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
165A Admissibility of self-incriminating statement made in response to disclosure of source order
General
(1)
Any self-incriminating statement that a person makes in response to a disclosure of source order is not admissible against the person in any civil or criminal proceedings.
(2)
Subsections (3) to (5) set out exceptions to subsection (1).
Exception for civil proceedings
(3)
Any statement that a person makes in response to a disclosure of source order may be used in evidence against them in any civil proceedings specified in section 10(1).
Exceptions for prosecution for offences against section 152
(4)
Any statement that the person makes in relation to their failure to provide information that the order requires them to provide may be used in evidence against them in any prosecution for an offence against section 152 arising from that failure.
(5)
Any false or misleading statement that the person makes in response to the order may be used in evidence against them in any prosecution for an offence against section 152 arising from making that statement.
Definition of false or misleading statement
(6)
In this section, false or misleading statement means a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular.
Section 165A: inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 39 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
166 Admissibility of evidence given to court or Official Assignee
(1)
Subsection (2) applies if—
(a)
any person is examined before a court, or a registrar of a court, or the Official Assignee, pursuant to an order made under this Act; or
(b)
any person is required to furnish to the Official Assignee a statement on oath.
(2)
If this subsection applies—
(a)
any self-incriminating statement or disclosure made by the person in response to the question or any self-incriminating statement furnished in response to the requirement is not admissible against that person in any civil or criminal proceedings, other than—
(i)
a proceeding for giving false evidence in the course of the examination or, as the case may require, for making any false statement in any statement so furnished; or
(ii)
the prosecution of that person for an offence against section 109 of the Crimes Act 1961 (which relates to perjury), or under this Act, relating to any evidence given by the person that is inconsistent with the statement or disclosure; or
(iii)
the proceedings in relation to which the statement was made or the document was given:
(b)
any other evidence provided by the person is admissible in civil or criminal proceedings, subject to any enactment or rule of law to the contrary.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 49
Section 166(2)(a)(ii): amended, on 1 April 2023, by section 40 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Arrangements to avoid operation of this Act or Sentencing Act 2002
167 Arrangements to avoid operation of this Act or Sentencing Act 2002
(1)
In this section, arrangement means—
(a)
any agreement, arrangement, understanding, promise of undertaking whether express or implied and whether or not enforceable or intended to be enforceable at law; and
(b)
any scheme, plan, proposal, action, course of action, or course of conduct.
(2)
If the High Court (or if the matter relates to an instrument of crime in relation to which proceedings were commenced in the District Court, the District Court) is satisfied that a person has an arrangement for the purposes of directly or indirectly defeating, avoiding, preventing, or impeding the operation of this Act or sections 142A to 142Q of the Sentencing Act 2002 in any way, the Court may—
(a)
make an order declaring the arrangement to be void wholly or in part; or
(b)
make an order varying the arrangement in whole or in part.
(3)
The High Court or District Court may also make other orders that it considers necessary in the circumstances to give effect to an order made under subsection (2), including, without limitation, an order to do all or any of the following:
(a)
dispose of property (including selling property):
(b)
pay money to any person:
(c)
dispose of the proceeds of any disposal of the property:
(d)
create a charge on property in favour of a person and enforce that charge.
(4)
The High Court or District Court may rescind or vary any order made under this section.
Compare: Criminal Assets Recovery Act 1990 s 59 (NSW)
Notices
168 Giving of notices
(1)
If a notice or other document is to be given to a person for the purposes of this Act, it may be given—
(a)
by delivering it personally to the person; or
(b)
by delivering it at the usual or last known place of residence or business of the person, including by facsimile; or
(c)
by sending it by pre-paid post addressed to the person at the usual or last known place of residence or business of the person.
(2)
If a notice or other document is to be given to a corporation for the purposes of this Act, service on an officer of the corporation, or on the registered office of the corporation, in accordance with subsection (1) is deemed to be service on the corporation.
(3)
If a notice or other document is to be given to a partnership for the purposes of this Act, service on any one of the partners in accordance with subsections (1) and (2) is deemed to be service on the partnership.
(4)
If a notice or other document is sent by post to a person in accordance with subsection (1)(c), it is deemed, in the absence of proof to the contrary, to have been given on the third day after the day on which it was posted.
Effect of death
169 Effect of death
(1)
Any notice or other document authorised or required to be given to a person under this Act is, if the person is dead, sufficiently given if given to the person’s legal personal representative.
(2)
A reference in this Act to an interest in property of a person is, in the case of a person who is dead, a reference to an interest in the property that the person had immediately before death.
(3)
An order can be applied for and made under this Act—
(a)
in respect of a person’s interest in property even if the person is dead; and
(b)
on the basis of the activities of a person who is dead.
170 Effect of death of joint owner of restrained property
(1)
If a person has an interest in property as joint owner of the property, the person’s death after a restraining order is made in respect of the interest does not (while the order is in force) operate to vest the interest in the surviving joint owner or owners and the restraining order continues to apply to the interest as if the person had not died.
(2)
An assets forfeiture order or instrument forfeiture order made in respect of that interest applies as if the order took effect in relation to the interest immediately before the person died.
(3)
If a restraining order ceases to apply to an interest in property without an assets forfeiture order or instrument forfeiture order being made in respect of that interest, subsection (1) is taken not to have applied to the interest.
Repeal
171 Repeal
The Proceeds of Crime Act 1991 (1991 No 120) is repealed.
Transitional provisions
172 Proceeds of Crime Act 1991 continues in force for certain purposes
Despite section 171, the Proceeds of Crime Act 1991 continues in force for the purposes of—
(a)
continuing and completing any proceedings or other matter commenced under that Act before the commencement of this Act (including the making or enforcement of any order arising from those proceedings):
(b)
the exercise of any power or function under that Act in relation to any matter referred to in paragraph (a).
Regulations and rules
173 Regulations
(1)
The Governor-General may from time to time, by Order in Council, make regulations for all or any of the following purposes:
(a)
prescribing applications, notices, and other documents for the purposes of this Act and requiring their use:
(b)
prescribing forms for the purposes of this Act and requiring their use:
(ba)
prescribing an amount for the purposes of the definition of threshold amount in section 5(1):
(c)
providing for the service of notices and other documents under this Act to be dispensed with in such circumstances as are specified in the regulations:
(d)
providing for the creation of charges in respect of property to which any profit forfeiture order applies, specifying the priority of any such charge in relation to any other encumbrances and the circumstances in which a charge ceases to have effect, and providing for any other related matters:
(e)
prescribing or providing for the costs recoverable by the Official Assignee under section 87:
(f)
setting out procedures for the return or disposal of documents or other evidence seized, produced, or surrendered under subpart 7:
(g)
providing for such other matters as are contemplated by, or are necessary for giving full effect to, this Act and for its due administration.
(2)
Regulations under this section are secondary legislation (see Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019 for publication requirements).
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 89
| Legislation Act 2019 requirements for secondary legislation made under this section | ||||
| Publication | PCO must publish it on the legislation website and notify it in the Gazette | LA19 s 69(1)(c) | ||
| Presentation | The Minister must present it to the House of Representatives | LA19 s 114, Sch 1 cl 32(1)(a) | ||
| Disallowance | It may be disallowed by the House of Representatives | LA19 ss 115, 116 | ||
| This note is not part of the Act. | ||||
Section 173(1)(ba): inserted, on 27 July 2023, by section 41 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Section 173(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
174 Rules
(1)
The Governor-General may from time to time, by Order in Council, make rules regulating the practice and procedure of courts in proceedings under this Act.
(2)
See section 148 of the Senior Courts Act 2016 and section 228 of the District Court Act 2016, which provide that court rules are secondary legislation.
Compare: 1991 No 120 s 90
Section 174(2): inserted, on 28 October 2021, by section 3 of the Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7).
Subpart 10—Consequential amendments to other enactments
[Repealed]Subpart 10: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to Crimes Act 1961[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
175 Amendments to Crimes Act 1961
[Repealed]Section 175: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
176 Defence of enforcement of enactment
[Repealed]Section 176: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
177 Destruction of relevant records made by use of interception device
[Repealed]Section 177: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
178 Restriction on admissibility of evidence of private communications lawfully intercepted
[Repealed]Section 178: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to Customs and Excise Act 1996[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
179 Amendments to Customs and Excise Act 1996
[Repealed]Section 179: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
180 Detention of goods suspected to be tainted property
[Repealed]Section 180: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
181 Further provisions about detention under section 166A
[Repealed]Section 181: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
182 Return of goods detained under section 166A
[Repealed]Section 182: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to Evidence Act 2006[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
183 Amendment to Evidence Act 2006
[Repealed]Section 183: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
184 Undercover police officers
[Repealed]Section 184: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to Financial Transactions Reporting Act 1996[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
185 Amendments to Financial Transactions Reporting Act 1996
[Repealed]Section 185: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
186 Title amended
[Repealed]Section 186: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
187 Verification of identity where money laundering or proceeds of crime suspected
[Repealed]Section 187: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
188 Offences
[Repealed]Section 188: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
189 Financial institutions to report suspicious transactions
[Repealed]Section 189: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
190 Auditors may report suspicious transactions
[Repealed]Section 190: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
191 Protection of identity of persons making suspicious transaction reports
[Repealed]Section 191: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
192 Offences
[Repealed]Section 192: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
193 Commissioner to issue guidelines relating to reporting of suspicious transactions
[Repealed]Section 193: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
194 Application of Privacy Act 1993
[Repealed]Section 194: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
195 Application of Privacy Act 1993
[Repealed]Section 195: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act 2000[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
196 Amendments to International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act 2000
[Repealed]Section 196: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
197 Interpretation
[Repealed]Section 197: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
198 Attorney-General may authorise measures
[Repealed]Section 198: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
199 Method of registration of order
[Repealed]Section 199: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
200 New sections 130 and 131 substituted
[Repealed]Section 200: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
201 Cancellation of registration order
[Repealed]Section 201: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to International War Crimes Tribunals Act 1995[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
202 Amendments to International War Crimes Tribunals Act 1995
[Repealed]Section 202: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
203 New section 43 substituted
[Repealed]Section 203: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
204 Registered forfeiture orders
[Repealed]Section 204: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
205 Cancellation of registration of forfeiture order
[Repealed]Section 205: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendment to Judicature Act 1908[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 1 March 2017, by section 183(b) of the Senior Courts Act 2016 (2016 No 48).
206 Amendment to Judicature Act 1908
[Repealed]Section 206: repealed, on 1 March 2017, by section 183(b) of the Senior Courts Act 2016 (2016 No 48).
207 Application of Part 4A
[Repealed]Section 207: repealed, on 1 March 2017, by section 183(b) of the Senior Courts Act 2016 (2016 No 48).
Amendments to Legal Services Act 2000[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
208 Amendments to Legal Services Act 2000
[Repealed]Section 208: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
209 When legal aid may be granted: civil matters
[Repealed]Section 209: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
210 Schedule 1 amended
[Repealed]Section 210: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendment to Misuse of Drugs Act 1975[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
211 Amendment to Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
[Repealed]Section 211: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
212 Laundering proceeds of drug offences
[Repealed]Section 212: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendment to Summary Proceedings Act 1957[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
213 Amendment to Summary Proceedings Act 1957
[Repealed]Section 213: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
214 Part 2 of Schedule 1 amended
[Repealed]Section 214: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to Tax Administration Act 1994[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
215 Amendments to Tax Administration Act 1994
[Repealed]Section 215: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
216 Officers to maintain secrecy
[Repealed]Section 216: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
217 Further secrecy requirements
[Repealed]Section 217: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Amendments to Terrorism Suppression Act 2002[Repealed]
Heading: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
218 Amendments to Terrorism Suppression Act 2002
[Repealed]Section 218: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
219 Prohibition on dealing with property of, or derived or generated from property of, terrorist and associated entities
[Repealed]Section 219: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
220 Further provisions about detention under section 47A
[Repealed]Section 220: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
221 Variation, revocation, or expiry of direction
[Repealed]Section 221: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
222 New section 51 substituted
[Repealed]Section 222: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
223 New section 57 substituted
[Repealed]Section 223: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
224 New section 71 substituted
[Repealed]Section 224: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
225 Section 81 repealed
[Repealed]Section 225: repealed, on 27 July 2023, by section 42 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Schedule 1 Transitional, savings, and related provisions
Schedule 1: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Part 1 Provisions relating to Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023
Schedule 1 Part 1: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
1 Definition
In this Part, amendment Act means the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023.
Schedule 1 clause 1: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
2 Restraining order under section 24A and type 2 assets forfeiture order
(1)
An order may be made under section 24A in respect of any specific property of a respondent whether the respondent acquired that property before, on, or after the commencement of that section.
(2)
A type 2 assets forfeiture order may be made in respect of any specific property of a respondent whether the respondent acquired that property before, on, or after the commencement of section 50C.
Schedule 1 clause 2: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
3 Variation of existing restraining order to extend to interest in KiwiSaver scheme
(1)
A court may make an order under section 35 varying the restrained property to which an existing restraining order relates so that the restrained property is or includes an interest held by a person as a member of a KiwiSaver scheme.
(2)
Subsection (1) does not limit the generality of section 34(1) or 35(a).
(3)
In this clause, existing restraining order means a restraining order made under section 24 or 25 that is in force on the commencement of section 84A.
Schedule 1 clause 3: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
4 Discharge of civil forfeiture order applying to interest in KiwiSaver scheme
Section 84A applies only in relation to a civil forfeiture order made on or after the commencement of that section.
Schedule 1 clause 4: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
5 Disclosure of source orders
(1)
In section 109A,—
(a)
a reference to a section 24 restraining order includes a reference to a section 24 restraining order that is in force on the commencement of section 109A; and
(b)
a reference to an application for a type 1 assets forfeiture order includes a reference to an application for an assets forfeiture order made and yet to be determined immediately before that commencement.
(2)
In this clause, section 24 restraining order means an order made under section 24.
Schedule 1 clause 5: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
6 Return of seized property that is not subject of forfeiture order
(1)
New sections 112 and 113 extend to property that was transferred to the Official Assignee under section 103, or seized under a warrant issued under section 110, before the commencement of those new sections if, immediately before that commencement, the property had not yet been returned under section 112 (as in force before its replacement by new section 112).
(2)
In this clause, a reference to a new section is a reference to the section as inserted by the amendment Act.
Schedule 1 clause 6: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
7 Admissibility of self-incriminating statements made in response to production or examination order
(1)
New section 165(1), (2), and (5) extends to any self-incriminating statement that a person makes or has made orally (before the commencement of those provisions) in the course of doing any of the things referred to in new section 165(1) in response to a production or examination order made before the commencement of those provisions.
(2)
New section 165(4) extends to any statement that a person makes or has made (before the commencement of that provision) in response to a production or examination order made before the commencement of that provision.
(3)
New section 165(6) and (7) extends to any statement referred to in those provisions that a person makes or has made (before the commencement of those provisions) in response to a production or examination order made before the commencement of those provisions.
(4)
New section 165(8) extends to any false or misleading document that a person produces or has produced (before the commencement of that provision) in response to a production or examination order made before the commencement of that provision.
(5)
In this clause, a reference to a new section is a reference to the section as inserted by the amendment Act.
(6)
Any term or expression that is used in this clause and defined in section 165 has the same meaning as in that section.
Schedule 1 clause 7: inserted, on 1 April 2023, by section 43 of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6).
Notes
1 General
This is a consolidation of the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Act 2009 that incorporates the amendments made to the legislation so that it shows the law as at its stated date.
2 Legal status
A consolidation is taken to correctly state, as at its stated date, the law enacted or made by the legislation consolidated and by the amendments. This presumption applies unless the contrary is shown.
Section 78 of the Legislation Act 2019 provides that this consolidation, published as an electronic version, is an official version. A printed version of legislation that is produced directly from this official electronic version is also an official version.
3 Editorial and format changes
The Parliamentary Counsel Office makes editorial and format changes to consolidations using the powers under subpart 2 of Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019. See also PCO editorial conventions for consolidations.
4 Amendments incorporated in this consolidation
Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2023 (2023 No 6): Part 1
Counter-Terrorism Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 37): section 57
Secondary Legislation Act 2021 (2021 No 7): section 3
Public Service Act 2020 (2020 No 40): section 135
Statutes Amendment Act 2019 (2019 No 56): Part 11
Land Transfer Act 2017 (2017 No 30): section 250
Judicial Review Procedure Act 2016 (2016 No 50): section 24
Senior Courts Act 2016 (2016 No 48): section 183(b)
Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2015 (2015 No 99)
Search and Surveillance Act 2012 (2012 No 24): sections 214–219
Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2012 (2012 No 9)
Criminal Procedure Act 2011 (2011 No 81): section 413
Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Amendment Act 2011 (2011 No 35)
Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Act 2009 (2009 No 35): section 161(2)