“judicial officer has the same meaning as in section 5 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010”.

• “(1) If a court remands a defendant at any stage of the proceedings for the offence with which the defendant is charged, including for sentence, and the defendant appears to the court to be of or over the age of 17 years but under the age of 20 years, it must release the defendant on bail or otherwise subject to such conditions as it thinks fit.”

• “(b) section 182 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010,—”.

• “(1) The Police employee taking a bail bond under section 21 must enter in it—

  • “(a) the particulars of the defendant; and

  • “(b) the particulars of the charge; and

  • “(c) the particulars of the defendant's surety or sureties (if any) entering into the bond; and

  • “(d) the condition or conditions of the bond, including the court, date, and time at which the defendant is required to appear; and

  • “(e) the sums respectively acknowledged; and

  • “(f) any other information required by rules made under section 382 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 to be included in a summons issued under section 25 of that Act for a category 1 offence.”

“Part 3
“Court bail

“Subpart 1—Granting of bail on adjournment

“27 Bail on adjournment

• “(1) In any case referred to in section 173(1) of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 (which relates to dealing with a defendant on adjournment), a judicial officer may grant the defendant bail under this section.

  “(2) A Registrar may exercise the power conferred by subsection (1) to grant bail if the prosecutor agrees.

“28 Warrant for detention of defendant remanded on bail

• If the defendant is granted bail under section 27 but the defendant is not released within the period specified in section 31(3)(a), a judicial officer or Registrar may—

  • “(a) issue a warrant under the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 for the detention of the defendant in custody until a date, time, and place appointed for bail to be reconsidered (which date and time must be as soon as reasonably practicable); and

  • “(b) certify on the back of the warrant the fact that the judicial officer or Registrar has granted the defendant bail, and the condition or conditions imposed.

“29 Defendant, if bailable as of right, to be brought before court on request

• “(1) A defendant who is bailable as of right must, if the defendant so requests, be brought before a court for the purpose of making an application for bail if—

  • “(a) the defendant has been remanded in custody under section 173 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010; and

  • “(b) the defendant did not make application for bail under this Act at the time of the remand.

  “(2) The application may be granted as if it were an application made at the time at which the defendant was remanded.

  “(3) If bail is granted under this section, the particulars required to be certified by the judicial officer or Registrar under section 28(b) must be certified in writing by the court granting bail, and forwarded to the prison manager of the prison in which the defendant is detained under the remand warrant.

“30 Conditions of bail

• “(1) Subject to sections 31 and 41, if a defendant is granted bail, the defendant must be released on condition that the defendant attend personally—

  • “(a) at the time and place at which the hearing is adjourned; or

  • “(b) at every time and place to which, during the course of the proceedings, the hearing may from time to time be adjourned.

  “(3) A judicial officer or Registrar may impose, as a further condition of the defendant's release, a condition that the defendant report to the Police at the time or times and at the place or places that the judicial officer or Registrar orders.

  “(3A) When considering bail pending sentencing, a judicial officer or Registrar may impose any condition that the judicial officer or Registrar considers reasonably necessary to ensure that the defendant takes the steps necessary for the proceedings to be progressed within a reasonable timeframe.

  “(4) Whether or not the judicial officer or Registrar imposes a condition under subsection (3) or (3A), the judicial officer or Registrar may impose any other condition that the judicial officer or Registrar considers reasonably necessary to ensure that the defendant—

  • “(a) appears in court on the date to which the defendant has been remanded; and

  • “(b) does not interfere with any witness or any evidence against the defendant; and

  • “(c) does not commit any offence while on bail.

  “(5) Despite subsection (4), the judicial officer or Registrar must not require as a further condition of the defendant's release the deposit of any sum or the entering into of any obligation in the nature of a bond, guarantee, or surety, whether by the defendant or any other person.

  “(6) Subsection (5) does not apply if bail is granted by the High Court.

“Procedures after defendant granted bail

“31 Release of defendant granted bail

• “(1) If a defendant is granted bail, the Registrar must prepare a notice of bail or a bail bond (whichever is applicable) setting out the conditions of bail imposed by or under section 30.

  “(2) The Registrar or (as the case may require) the judicial officer or prison manager of the prison in which the defendant is detained must—

  • “(a) give the notice of bail or bail bond to the defendant; and

  • “(b) be satisfied that the defendant understands the conditions of bail; and

  • “(c) require the defendant to sign the notice of bail or bail bond.

  “(3) If a defendant is granted bail, the judicial officer or Registrar may direct that the defendant be detained in the custody of the Court—

  • “(a) for such time, not exceeding 2 hours, as may be necessary to enable the notice of bail or bail bond to be prepared and signed; and

  • “(b) if, within the period of 2 hours, the defendant is not released (whether by reason of having refused to sign the notice of bail or bail bond or for any other reason), for such time as may be necessary to enable a warrant to be issued under section 28.

  “(4) If bail is granted to a defendant who has been remanded in custody and is in custody only under the warrant issued in respect of the remand, the defendant must be released from custody as soon as is reasonably practicable after the defendant has signed the notice of bail or bail bond.

  “(5) A copy of the notice of bail or bail bond must be given to the defendant on his or her release or as soon as practicable after that.

“32 Warrant of deliverance

• “(1) Subject to subsection (3), in any case where a warrant has been issued under section 28, a warrant of deliverance in the prescribed form must be issued and sent to the prison manager of the prison in which the defendant is detained.

  “(2) The warrant of deliverance may be issued by any Judge or Registrar on being satisfied that the defendant is entitled to be released and that the requirements of section 31 have been met.

  “(3) No warrant of deliverance need be issued if the Registrar before whom the defendant signs the notice of bail endorses on the remand a certificate that the defendant has signed the notice of bail or bail bond, and that the defendant is accordingly entitled to be released.

“33 Variation of conditions of bail imposed by the District Court

• “(1) If the defendant has been granted bail by a District Court, the court may, on the application of the defendant or the prosecutor, make an order varying or revoking any condition of bail or substituting or imposing any other condition of bail.

  “(2) If the proceedings for the offence with which the defendant is charged are transferred to another District Court or the High Court, any application for an order varying or revoking any condition of bail or substituting or imposing any other condition of bail must be made to the court to which the proceedings have been transferred.

  “(3) A Registrar may exercise the power conferred by subsection (1) to make an order if the prosecutor agrees.

  “(4) If a District Court or Registrar has, in granting bail to any defendant, imposed the condition that the defendant report to the Police at such time or times and at such place or places as the court or Registrar orders, any Registrar may, on the application of the defendant, make an order varying the time or times or the place or places at which the defendant is required to so report.

  “(5) If a District Court or Registrar varies or revokes any condition of bail or substitutes or imposes any other condition of bail under subsection (1), the following provisions apply:

  • “(a) if the defendant is present at the court, the Registrar must—

    • “(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable prepare a new notice of bail setting out the conditions of bail as amended (if any); and

    • “(ii) be satisfied that the defendant understands the conditions of bail; and

    • “(iii) require the defendant to sign the notice of bail:

  • “(b) if the defendant is not present at the court, the Registrar must send written notice to the defendant requiring the defendant to attend at a specified time and place for the execution of a fresh notice of bail containing the conditions as amended (if any).

  “(6) If, in any case to which subsection (5) applies, the defendant fails without reasonable excuse to attend at the time and place required, or fails to sign a fresh notice of bail, the Registrar or a District Court Judge may issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

“34 Variation of conditions of bail imposed by the High Court

• “(1) Subject to subsection (3), if a defendant is granted bail by the High Court, a High Court Judge may, on the application of the prosecutor or the defendant, make an order varying or revoking any condition of bail or substituting or imposing any other condition of bail.

  “(2) Subject to subsection (3), if the High Court has, in granting bail to a defendant, imposed the condition that the defendant report to the Police at such time or times and at such place or places as the court orders, any Registrar of the High Court or of a District Court may, on the application of the defendant, make an order varying the time or times or the place or places at which the defendant is required to report.

  “(3) No application may be made under subsection (1) or (2) in respect of a bail bond that has been entered into in any case where sureties are required, unless the sureties to the bail bond have consented to the making of the application.

  “(4) If a High Court varies or revokes any condition of bail or substitutes or imposes any other condition of bail under subsection (1), the following provisions apply:

  • “(a) if the defendant is present at the High Court, the Registrar must—

    • “(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable prepare a new bail bond setting out the conditions of bail as amended (if any); and

    • “(ii) satisfy himself or herself that the defendant granted bail understands the conditions of bail; and

    • “(iii) require the defendant to sign the bail bond:

  • “(b) if the defendant is not present at the High Court, the Registrar of the court that varied or revoked or substituted or imposed the condition must send written notice to the defendant and to every surety (if any) requiring them to attend at a specified time and place for the execution of a fresh bail bond containing the conditions as amended (if any).

  “(5) If, in any case to which subsection (4) applies, the defendant fails without reasonable excuse to attend at the time and place required, or fails to enter into a fresh bail bond, the Registrar must refer the matter to a Judge, who may issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

“35 Defendant on bail may be arrested without warrant in certain circumstances

• “(1) Any constable may arrest without warrant a defendant who has been released on bail by the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal or the High Court or a District Court or Registrar or Police employee if the constable believes on reasonable grounds that—

  • “(a) the defendant has absconded or is about to abscond for the purpose of evading justice; or

  • “(b) the defendant has contravened or failed to comply with any condition of bail.

  “(2) A defendant who is arrested under subsection (1) must—

  • “(a) be brought before a District Court as soon as possible if the defendant was released on bail by a District Court in relation to an offence that is not a category 3 or 4 offence, or by a Police employee in relation to any offence; or

  • “(a) be brought before a District Court as soon as possible if the defendant was released on bail by a District Court or Registrar in relation to a category 1 or 2 offence, or by a Police employee in relation to any offence; or

  • “(b) be brought before a High Court Judge or District Court Judge as soon as possible if the defendant was released on bail by—

    • “(i) a High Court Judge or a District Court Judge in relation to a category 3 or 4 offence; or

    • “(ii) the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal.

  • “(b) be brought before a High Court Judge or District Court Judge as soon as possible if the defendant was released on bail in any circumstances to which paragraph (a) does not apply.

  “(3) In any such case, the judicial officer, on being satisfied that the defendant had absconded or was about to abscond or has contravened or failed to comply with any condition of bail, must reconsider the question of bail.

  “(4) After a defendant has been arrested under subsection (1), the defendant cannot be bailed as of right and is bailable only under section 7(5).

  “(5) This section does not apply if section 36 applies.

  “(6) Nothing in this section prevents a constable from seeking a warrant to arrest a defendant under section 37.

“36 Arrest of defendant charged with drug dealing offence

• “(1) If a defendant has been released on bail under section 16, any constable may arrest the defendant without warrant if—

  • “(a) the constable believes on reasonable grounds that the defendant has absconded or is about to abscond for the purpose of evading justice; or

  • “(b) the Police have been notified in writing by any surety for the defendant that the surety believes that the defendant has absconded or is about to abscond for the purpose of evading justice, and the constable is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for that belief; or

  • “(c) the constable believes, on reasonable grounds, that the defendant has broken, is breaking, or is about to break, any condition of bail (whether imposed under section 30 or otherwise); or

  • “(d) the Police have been notified by any surety for the defendant that the surety believes that the defendant has broken, is breaking, or is about to break, any such condition of bail, and the constable is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for that belief.

  “(2) A defendant who has been arrested under subsection (1) must be brought before a High Court Judge as soon as possible, and in any event not later than 72 hours after the arrest.

  “(3) If a defendant is brought before a High Court Judge under subsection (2), the Judge must, if satisfied on the balance of probabilities that the defendant has absconded or was about to abscond, remand the defendant in custody.

  “(4) If a defendant is brought before a High Court Judge under subsection (2), the Judge may,—

  • “(a) if satisfied on the balance of probabilities that the defendant has broken, was breaking, or was about to break any condition of bail, remand the defendant in custody; or

  • “(b) release the defendant.

  “(5) If a defendant is released under subsection (4)(b), the defendant's bail bond continues in force in all respects as if the defendant had not been arrested under subsection (1).

  “(6) Despite subsections (4)(b) and (5), if a defendant was arrested under subsection (1)(d), the Judge may release the defendant under subsection (4)(b) only if—

  • “(a) the surety consents in writing to the release; or

  • “(b) a fresh bail bond is issued.

  “(7) Nothing in this section prevents a constable from seeking a warrant to arrest a defendant under section 37.

“37 Issue of warrant to arrest defendant absconding or breaching bail condition or who fails to answer bail

• “(1) A judicial officer or Registrar of the relevant court may issue a warrant in the prescribed form for the arrest of a defendant if—

  • “(a) the judicial officer or Registrar is satisfied by evidence on oath that—

    • “(i) the defendant has absconded or is about to abscond for the purpose of evading justice; or

    • “(ii) the defendant has contravened or failed to comply with any condition of bail; or

  • “(b) the defendant—

    • “(i) does not attend personally at the time and place specified in the notice of bail or, as the case may be, the bail bond; or

    • “(ii) does not attend personally at any time or place to which during the course of the proceedings the hearing has been adjourned.

  “(2) A warrant to arrest a defendant under this section must be directed to a constable by name or generally to every constable.

  “(3) The warrant may be executed by any constable.

  “(4) For the purpose of executing a warrant issued under this section, the constable executing it may at any time enter on to any premises, by force if necessary, if the constable has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant against whom it is issued is on those premises.

  “(5) The constable executing the warrant—

  • “(a) must have the warrant, or a copy of it, with him or her; and

  • “(b) must produce it, or a copy of it, on initial entry and, if requested, at any subsequent time; and

  • “(c) if he or she is not in uniform, produce evidence that he or she is a constable.

  “(6) If a defendant is arrested under a warrant issued under this section,—

  • “(a) section 35(2) to (4) apply as if the defendant had been arrested under section 35(1); and

  • “(b) in the case of a person who is charged with or convicted of a drug dealing offence and who has been released on bail in relation to that offence, section 36(2) to (6) apply as if the defendant had been arrested under section 36(1).

  “(7) In this section, judicial officer or Registrar of the relevant court means—

  • “(a) if the court that is conducting the proceedings for the offence with which the defendant is charged is a District Court, a judicial officer or Registrar of a District Court; or

  • “(b) if the court that is conducting the proceedings for the offence with which the defendant is charged is the High Court, a Judge or Registrar of that court.

“38 Failure to answer bail

• A defendant commits an offence and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,000 who, having been released on bail by the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, a District Court or a Registrar,—

  • “(a) fails without reasonable excuse to attend personally at the time and the court specified in the notice of bail or bail bond; or

  • “(b) fails without reasonable excuse to attend personally at any time and place to which during the course of the proceedings the hearing has been adjourned; or

  • “(c) fails without reasonable excuse to comply with any condition imposed under section 41(3).

“39 Non-performance of condition of bail may be certified and recorded

• “(1) If a defendant who has been released on bail at any time fails to comply with any condition of bail, a judicial officer of the relevant court may certify on the back of the notice of bail or, as the case may require, the bail bond the non-performance of that condition.

  “(2) A certificate given by a judicial officer under subsection (1) is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, sufficient evidence for the purposes of sections 24 and 38 that the defendant has failed to comply with the condition of the notice of bail or bail bond specified in the certificate.

  “(3) In addition to the certification described in subsection (1), if a defendant who has been released on bail at any time fails to comply with any condition of bail, without reasonable excuse, a judicial officer of the relevant court must direct the Registrar of that court that the nature of the condition and the non-performance of the condition be entered in the court record kept in accordance with section 189 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010.

  “(4) Despite subsection (3), the judicial officer may decide not to direct that the failure to comply be entered in the court record if in the judicial officer's opinion the failure to comply is of such a minor nature that it does not warrant being taken into account when considering an application for bail from the defendant on a subsequent occasion.

  “(5) A failure to comply with any condition of bail that is entered in the court record under subsection (3) may be considered in any subsequent application for bail made by that defendant over his or her lifetime.

  “(6) In this section, judicial officer of the relevant court has the same meaning as in section 37(7).

“Subpart 2—Bail on deferment of sentence

“41 Bail on deferment of sentence

• “(1) This section applies if the start date of a sentence imposed on an offender is deferred under section 80W or 100 of the Sentencing Act 2002 and the offender is not liable to be detained under any other sentence or order.

  “(2) If this section applies, the court that defers the start date of the offender's sentence must grant the offender bail.

  “(3) An offender who is granted bail under this section must be released on condition that the offender must,—

  • “(a) if the sentence is deferred under section 80W of the Sentencing Act 2002,—

    • “(i) go to and remain at the home detention residence (as defined in section 4 of that Act) at the expiry of the period of deferral specified by the court, unless absent in accordance with section 80C(3)(a) or (b) of that Act; and

    • “(ii) advise a probation officer as soon as possible of any change in circumstances affecting the availability or suitability of the home detention residence; or

  • “(b) if the sentence is deferred under section 100 of the Sentencing Act 2002, surrender himself or herself to the prison manager of the prison concerned at the expiry of the period of deferral specified by the court.

  “(4) The provisions of sections 30 to 39, and 43 to 50, as far as they are applicable and with all necessary modifications, apply as if the offender were a defendant who had been granted bail.

  “(5) If any decision is made by a District Court under section 33(1) (as applied by subsection (4)) in respect of an offender, the provisions of section 43(3) to (6) and section 44, as far as they are applicable and with all necessary modifications, apply as if the offender were a defendant granted bail.

  “(6) If any decision is made by the High Court under section 34(1) (as applied by subsection (4)) in respect of an offender, the provisions of sections 46 and 47, as far as they are applicable and with all necessary modifications, apply as if the offender were a defendant granted bail.

“Subpart 3—Appeals on question of bail

“Appeals from decisions of Justices or Community Magistrates

“42 Appeals from decisions of Justices or Community Magistrates relating to bail

• “(1) If a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates refuse to grant bail to a defendant (whether before or after conviction), the defendant may appeal to a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge against that refusal.

  “(2) If a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates grant bail to a defendant (whether before or after conviction), the prosecutor may appeal to a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge against that decision.

  “(3) Subsection (4) applies if, in respect of any grant of bail to a defendant (whether before or after conviction),—

  • “(a) a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates have imposed any condition of bail, or have refused to impose any condition of bail, or any particular condition of bail; or

  • “(b) a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates have, on an application made under section 33(1), made an order varying or revoking any condition of bail or substituting or imposing any other condition of bail, or refused to make such an order.

  “(4) The defendant or the prosecutor may appeal to a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge against the imposition of that condition of bail or, as the case may be, against that refusal or against the decision in respect of that application.

  “(5) For the purposes of an appeal under this section, the failure of a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates to impose any condition of bail, or any particular condition of bail, on any occasion on which the condition could lawfully have been imposed is deemed to be a refusal to impose the condition.

  “(6) No person may seek bail in the High Court under that court's inherent jurisdiction—

  • “(a) who has been refused bail by a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates; or

  • “(b) in respect of whom a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates have imposed any condition of bail or refused to impose any condition of bail, or any particular condition of bail.

  “(7) An appeal under this section is by way of rehearing.

“42A Procedure relating to appeal under section 42

• “(1) Sections 277 to 279 and subpart 11 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 apply to an appeal under section 42 as if the appeal were a first appeal against a decision on a costs order.

  “(2) Despite any other enactment or rule of law, on the hearing of the appeal it is not necessary to produce—

  • “(a) any note or transcript of the evidence adduced to the District Court appealed from; or

  • “(b) any note of the reasons for the decision appealed against; or

  • “(c) any copy of any note or transcript referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).

  “(3) Every decision of a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge on an appeal under section 42 is final.

  “(4) No decision appealed against under section 42 is suspended merely because notice of that appeal has been given.

  “(5) An appeal under section 42 that is not heard before the date on which the decision appealed against ceases to have any effect—

  • “(a) lapses on that date; and

  • “(b) is deemed to have been abandoned.

  “(6) If, in the case of an appeal under section 42(2), the defendant does not appear at the hearing of the appeal, a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge may, if it thinks fit, issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

“42B Execution of decision of District Court on appeal relating to bail

• “(1) If, on an appeal under section 42, a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge determines that bail should not be granted or, as the case may be, should not be continued, a warrant for the detention of the defendant in custody must be issued out of the District Court and signed by a District Court Judge.

  “(2) The person who executes the warrant must ensure that a copy of the notice of the result of the appeal is given to the defendant when the warrant is executed or as soon as practicable after the warrant is executed.

  “(3) If, on an appeal in respect of any condition of bail, a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge varies or revokes any condition of bail or substitutes or imposes any other condition of bail, the following provisions apply:

  • “(a) if the defendant is present at the District Court to which the appeal was made, the Registrar of that court must,—

    • “(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, prepare a new notice of bail setting out the conditions of bail as amended (if any); and

    • “(ii) satisfy himself or herself that the defendant understands the conditions of bail; and

    • “(iii) require the defendant to sign the notice of bail:

  • “(b) if the defendant is not present at the District Court to which the appeal was made, the Registrar of the District Court appealed from must send written notice to the defendant requiring him or her to attend at a specified time and place for the execution of a fresh notice of bail containing the conditions (if any) required to give effect to the decision on the appeal.

  “(4) If, in any case to which subsection (3) applies, the defendant fails without reasonable excuse to attend at the time and place required, or fails to enter into a fresh notice of bail, the Registrar of the District Court appealed from must refer the matter to a District Court Judge, who may issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

“Appeals from decisions of District Court Judges

“43 Appeal from decision of District Court Judge relating to bail

• “(1) If a District Court Judge refuses to grant bail to a defendant (whether before or after conviction), the defendant may appeal to the High Court against that refusal.

  “(2) If a District Court Judge grants bail to a defendant (whether before or after conviction), the prosecutor may appeal to the High Court against that decision.

  “(3) Subsection (4) applies if, in respect of any grant of bail to a defendant (whether before or after conviction),—

  • “(a) a District Court Judge has imposed any condition of bail, or has refused to impose any condition of bail, or any particular condition of bail; or

  • “(b) a District Court Judge has, on an application made under section 33(1), made an order varying or revoking any condition of bail or substituting or imposing any other condition of bail, or refused to make such an order.

  “(4) The defendant or the prosecutor may appeal to the High Court against the imposition of that condition of bail or, as the case may be, against that refusal or against the decision in respect of that application.

  “(5) For the purposes of an appeal under this section, the failure of a District Court Judge to impose any condition of bail, or any particular condition of bail, on any occasion on which the condition could lawfully have been imposed is deemed to be a refusal to impose the condition.

  “(6) An appeal under this section is by way of rehearing.

“44 Procedure relating to appeal under section 43

• “(1) Sections 277 to 279 and subpart 11 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 apply to an appeal under section 43 as if the appeal were a first appeal against a decision on a costs order.

  “(2) Despite any other enactment or rule of law, on the hearing of an appeal under section 43 it is not necessary to produce—

  • “(a) any note or transcript of the evidence adduced to the District Court appealed from; or

  • “(b) any note of the reasons for the decision appealed against; or

  • “(c) any copy of any note or transcript referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).

  “(3) Every decision of the High Court on an appeal under section 43 is final.

  “(4) No decision appealed against under section 43 is suspended merely because notice of that appeal has been given.

  “(5) An appeal under section 43 that is not heard before the date on which the decision appealed against ceases to have any effect—

  • “(a) lapses on that date; and

  • “(b) is deemed to have been abandoned.

  “(6) If, in the case of an appeal under section 43(2), the defendant does not appear at the hearing of the appeal, the High Court may, if it thinks fit, issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

“45 Execution of decision of High Court on appeal relating to bail

• “(1) If, on an appeal under section 43, the High Court determines that bail should not be granted or, as the case may be, should not be continued, a warrant for the detention of the defendant in custody must be issued out of the High Court and signed by a Judge.

  “(2) The person who executes the warrant must ensure that a copy of the notice of the result of the appeal is given to the defendant when the warrant is executed or as soon as practicable after the warrant is executed.

  “(3) If, on an appeal in respect of any condition of bail, the High Court varies or revokes any condition of bail or substitutes or imposes any other condition of bail, the following provisions apply:

  • “(a) if the defendant is present at the High Court, the Registrar of the High Court must—

    • “(i) as soon as is reasonably practicable, prepare a new notice of bail setting out the conditions of bail as amended (if any); and

    • “(ii) satisfy himself or herself that the defendant understands the conditions of bail; and

    • “(iii) require the defendant to sign the notice of bail:

  • “(b) if the defendant is not present at the High Court, the Registrar of the District Court appealed from must send written notice to the defendant requiring him or her to attend at a specified time and place for the execution of a fresh notice of bail containing the conditions (if any) required to give effect to the High Court's decision.

  “(4) If, in any case to which subsection (3) applies, the defendant fails without reasonable excuse to attend at the time and place required, or fails to enter into a fresh notice of bail, the Registrar of the District Court appealed from must refer the matter to a District Court Judge who may issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

“Appeals from decisions of High Court

“46 Appeal from decision of High Court relating to bail

• “(1) Subject to subsection (4), this section applies to any decision made (whether under any enactment or rule of law or otherwise) by a High Court Judge to—

  • “(a) grant or refuse bail to a defendant; or

  • “(b) impose or substitute or revoke or vary any condition of bail; or

  • “(c) refuse to impose any condition of bail or any particular condition of bail; or

  • “(d) refuse to vary or revoke any condition of bail.

  “(2) Either the prosecutor or the defendant may appeal to the Court of Appeal against any decision to which this section applies.

  “(3) For the purposes of an appeal under this section, the failure of a High Court Judge to impose any condition of bail, or any particular condition of bail, on any occasion on which the condition could lawfully have been imposed is deemed to be a refusal to impose the condition.

  “(4) Nothing in this section applies in respect of any decision made by a High Court Judge if that decision was made on appeal from any decision of a District Court.

“47 Procedure relating to appeal under section 46

• “(1) A defendant wishing to appeal under section 46 must file notice of appeal with the Registrar of the Court of Appeal within 10 days after the date of the decision to be appealed against.

  “(2) An appeal under section 46 that is not heard before the date on which the decision appealed against ceases to have any effect—

  • “(a) lapses on that date; and

  • “(b) is deemed to have been abandoned.

  “(3) No decision of a High Court Judge appealed against under section 46 is suspended merely because notice of that appeal has been given.

  “(4) No decision of a High Court Judge appealed against under section 46 is suspended merely because the defendant has applied for or been given leave to appeal to the Supreme Court against a decision of the Court of Appeal on the appeal under section 46.

  “(5) On an appeal under section 46 the Court of Appeal may confirm the decision appealed against, or vary it, or set it aside and make such other order as the Court of Appeal thinks ought to have been made in the first place.

“48 Execution of decision of Court of Appeal on appeal relating to bail

• “(1) If, on an appeal under section 46 against a refusal to grant bail to a defendant, the Court of Appeal determines that bail should be granted, the Court of Appeal must order that the defendant be released on bail, subject to such conditions as the Court of Appeal thinks fit.

  “(2) If, on an appeal under section 46 in respect of any condition of bail, the Court of Appeal revokes or amends a condition of bail or substitutes or imposes any other condition, the Registrar of the court whose decision was appealed against must send written notice to the defendant and to every surety (if any) requiring them to attend at a specified time and place for the execution of a fresh bail bond containing the conditions (if any) required to give effect to the Court of Appeal's decision.

  “(3) If, in any case to which subsection (2) applies, the defendant fails without reasonable excuse to attend at the time and place required, or fails to enter into a fresh bail bond, the Registrar must refer the matter to a High Court Judge who may issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

  “(4) If, on an appeal under section 46 against a grant of bail, the Court of Appeal determines that bail not be granted or, as the case may be, not be continued, a warrant for the detention in custody of the defendant must be issued out of the Court of Appeal and signed by a Judge of the court.

  “(5) The person who executes the warrant under subsection (4) must ensure that a copy of the notice of the result of the appeal is given to the defendant when the warrant is executed or as soon as practicable after the warrant is executed.

  “(6) A defendant to whom subsection (4) applies and who is not in custody may be arrested without warrant by any constable or any officer of a prison.

“Appeals from decision of Court of Appeal on appeal

“49 Execution of decision of Supreme Court on appeal relating to bail

• “(1) If, on an appeal to the Supreme Court against a decision of the Court of Appeal on an appeal under section 46 against a refusal to grant bail to a defendant, the Supreme Court determines that bail should be granted, the Supreme Court must order that the defendant be released on bail, subject to any conditions the Supreme Court thinks fit.

  “(2) If, on an appeal to the Supreme Court against a decision of the Court of Appeal on an appeal under section 46 in respect of any condition of bail, the Supreme Court revokes or amends a condition of bail or substitutes or imposes any other condition, the Registrar of the Court whose decision was appealed against must send written notice to the defendant and to every surety (if any) requiring them to attend at a specified time and place for the execution of a fresh bail bond containing the conditions (if any) required to give effect to the Supreme Court's decision.

  “(3) If, in any case to which subsection (2) applies, the defendant fails without reasonable excuse to attend at the time and place required, or fails to enter into a fresh bail bond, the Registrar must refer the matter to a High Court Judge who may issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.

  “(4) If, on an appeal to the Supreme Court against a decision of the Court of Appeal on an appeal under section 46 against a refusal to grant bail to a defendant, the Supreme Court determines that bail not be granted or, as the case may be, not be continued, a warrant for the detention in custody of the defendant must be issued out of the Supreme Court and signed by a Judge of the court.

  “(5) The person who executes the warrant under subsection (4) must ensure that a copy of the notice of the result of the appeal is given to the defendant when the warrant is executed or as soon as practicable after the warrant is executed.

  “(6) A defendant to whom subsection (4) applies who is not in custody may be arrested without warrant by any constable or any officer of a prison.

“Appeal against entry of non-performance of condition of bail

“49A Appeal against entry by Justice or Community Magistrate of non-performance of condition of bail in court record

• “(1) If a Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates direct under section 39 that the non-performance of a bail condition be entered into the court record, the defendant may, within 28 days of the direction being made, appeal the direction to a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge.

  “(2) After considering an appeal under subsection (1), the District Court Judge may order that—

  • “(a) the direction stand; or

  • “(b) the direction be amended; or

  • “(c) the direction be revoked.

  “(3) There is no further right of appeal against a direction to enter the non-performance of a condition of bail in the court record than that given by this section.

  “(4) No direction appealed against under this section is suspended merely because notice of that appeal has been given.

“50 Appeal against entry by District Court Judge or High Court Judge of non-performance of condition of bail in court record

• “(1) If a District Court Judge or High Court Judge directs under section 39 that the non-performance of a bail condition be entered in the court record, the defendant may, within 28 days of the direction being made, appeal the direction to the High Court or the Court of Appeal, as the case may require.

  “(2) After considering an appeal under subsection (1), the High Court or the Court of Appeal may order that—

  • “(a) the direction stand; or

  • “(b) the direction be amended; or

  • “(c) the direction be revoked.

  “(3) There is no further right of appeal against a direction to enter the non-performance of a condition of bail in the court record than that given by this section.

  “(4) No direction appealed against under this section is suspended merely because notice of that appeal has been given.

“Subpart 4—Bail pending appeal against conviction or sentence

“50A Granting of bail to appellant in custody pending appeal to District Court presided over by District Court Judge

• “(1) This section applies if a person is in custody under a conviction and is appealing the conviction or sentence, or both, to a District Court presided over by a District Court Judge.

  “(2) If the appellant is in custody only under the conviction to which the appeal relates, the appellant is bailable, at any time before the hearing of the appeal,—

  • “(a) at the discretion of the Justice or Justices or a Community Magistrate or Community Magistrates who presided over the District Court whose determination is appealed against; or

  • “(b) if that Justice or those Justices or that Community Magistrate or those Community Magistrates are not available, at the discretion of a District Court Judge or some other Justice or Community Magistrate.

  “(3) Subject to the provisions of section 31 (as applied by subsection (4)), if an appellant is granted bail, the appellant must be released on condition that the appellant attend personally at the District Court dealing with the appeal on the day on which the appeal is to be heard and on any day to which the hearing may from time to time be adjourned.

  “(4) If an appellant is granted bail under this section, the provisions of sections 30 to 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, and 49A, as far as they are applicable and with any necessary modifications, apply as if the appellant were a defendant remanded in custody who had been granted bail.

  “(5) If an appellant is granted or refused bail under this section, or any decision is made under section 33(1) (as applied by subsection (4)) in respect of any appellant, the provisions of sections 42 and 42A, as far as they are applicable and with any necessary modifications, apply as if the appellant were a defendant who had been granted or, as the case may be, refused bail.

  “(6) Section 51(6) applies for the purpose of this section.

  “(7) If an appeal is filed on a question of law under subpart 8 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 and the appeal relates to a person's conviction, this section applies to the convicted person as it does to the appellant.

“51 Granting of bail to appellant in custody pending appeal to High Court

• “(1) This section applies if a person is in custody under a conviction and is appealing the conviction or sentence, or both, to the High Court.

  “(2) If the appellant is in custody only under the conviction to which the appeal relates, the appellant is bailable at any time before the hearing of the appeal—

  • “(a) at the discretion of the District Court Judge who presided over the District Court whose determination is appealed against; or

  • “(b) if that District Court Judge is not available, at the discretion of some other District Court Judge.

  “(3) Subject to the provisions of section 31 (as applied by subsection (4)), if an appellant is granted bail, the appellant must be released on condition that the appellant attend personally at the High Court on the day on which the appeal is to be heard and on any day to which the hearing may from time to time be adjourned.

  “(4) If an appellant is granted bail under this section, the provisions of sections 30 to 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, and 50, as far as they are applicable and with any necessary modifications, apply as if the appellant were a defendant remanded in custody who had been granted bail.

  “(5) If an appellant is granted or refused bail under this section, or any decision is made under section 33(1) (as applied by subsection (4)) in respect of any appellant, the provisions of sections 43 and 44, as far as they are applicable and with all necessary modifications, apply as if the appellant were a defendant who had been granted or, as the case may be, refused bail.

  “(6) For the purposes of this section, an appellant is not deemed to be in custody only under the conviction to which the appeal relates if a direction has been given under section 83 of the Sentencing Act 2002 that another sentence or term of imprisonment is to follow the sentence imposed on that conviction, and the appellant has not appealed against the conviction in respect of which that other sentence or term was imposed.

  “(7) If an appeal is filed on a question of law under subpart 8 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 and the appeal relates to a person's conviction, this section applies to the convicted person as it does to the appellant.

  “Compare: 1957 No 87 s 125

“52 Granting of bail to appellant in custody pending appeal to Court of Appeal or Supreme Court

• “(1) This section applies if a person is in custody under a conviction and is appealing the conviction or sentence, or both, to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court.

  “(2) The Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court (as the case may be) or the Judge who presided at the trial in the court below may, if it or the Judge thinks fit, on the application of an appellant and on such terms and subject to such conditions as the court or Judge thinks fit, grant bail to the appellant pending the determination of the appeal, if the appellant is in custody only under the conviction to which the appeal relates.

  “(3) If an appeal is filed on a question of law under subpart 8 of Part 6 of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 and the appeal relates to a person's conviction, this section applies to the convicted person as it does to the appellant.

  “(4) For the purposes of this section, an appellant is not deemed to be in custody only under the conviction to which the appeal relates if a direction has been given under section 83 of the Sentencing Act 2002 that another sentence or term of imprisonment is to follow the sentence imposed on that conviction, and the appellant has not appealed against the conviction in respect of which that other sentence or term was imposed.

“53 Appeals on questions of law

• If under section 305(3) of the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010 a District Court or the High Court has decided to postpone sentencing a person or deferred the commencement of any sentence imposed, the court may, in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Act and the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010,—

  • “(a) allow the defendant to go at large; or

  • “(b) grant the defendant bail; or

  • “(c) remand the defendant in custody.

“54 Intermediate effects of appeal

• “(1) In every case where an appeal court directs a new trial or remits a sentence, the court must, in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Act and the Criminal Procedure (Reform and Modernisation) Act 2010,—

  • “(a) allow the defendant to go at large; or

  • “(b) grant the defendant bail; or

  • “(c) remand the defendant in custody.

  “(3) If no application for bail has been made to the appeal court, the defendant may at any time apply to a High Court Judge or a District Court Judge (as the case may require), who may in the Judge's discretion grant bail on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Judge thinks fit.

“55 Time on bail pending appeal not to be taken as time served

• Section 95 of the Parole Act 2002 applies if an appellant is released on bail pending an appeal.

“56 Surrender of appellant released on bail

• “(1) An appellant who has been released from custody on bail pending the hearing of the appeal may surrender himself or herself and apply to a judicial officer of the court that released the defendant on bail for the discharge of bail.

  “(2) A judicial officer who discharges the bail of a defendant may then issue a warrant in the prescribed form for the arrest of the appellant and for his or her committal to a prison for the unexpired term of the sentence originally imposed.”